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Effects of Microbial Additives and Silo Density on Chemical Compositions, Fermentation Indices, and Aerobic Stability of Whole Crop Rice Silage (미생물 첨가와 사일로 밀도가 총체벼 사일리지의 영양소 함량, 발효특성 및 호기적 안전성에 미치는 영향)

  • Joo, Young Ho;Jeong, Seung Min;Seo, Myeong Ji;Lee, Seong Shin;Choi, Ki Choon;Kim, Sam Churl
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 2022

  • The present study investigated effects of microbial additives and silo density on chemical compositions, fermentation indices, and aerobic stability of whole crop rice (WCR) silage. The WCR ("Youngwoo") was harvested at 49.7% dry matter (DM), and ensiled into 500 kg bale silo with two different compaction pressures at 430 kgf (kilogram-force)/cm2 (LOW) and 760 kgf/cm2 (HIGH) densities. All WCR forage were applied distilled water (CON) or mixed inoculants (Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and Lactobacillus buchneri 6M1) with 1:1 ratio at 1x105 colony forming unit/g (INO). The concentrations of DM, crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of whole crop rice before ensiling were 49.7, 9.59, 2.85, 6.74, 39.7, and 21.9%, respectively. Microbial additives and silo density did not affect the chemical compositions of WCR silage (p>0.05). The INO silages had lower lactate (p<0.001), but higher propionate (p<0.001). The LOW silages had higher lactate (p=0.004). The INO silages had higher yeast count (p<0.001) and aerobic stability (p<0.001). However, microbial counts and aerobic stability were not affected by silo density. Therefore, this study concluded that fermentation quality of WCR silage improved by microbial additives, but no effects by silo density.

  • https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2022.42.2.96 인용 PDF KSCI

모스크바 지하철 발전사

  • 김경철
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2001

  • 모스크바의 지하철(Metro)은 대중교통 통행의 57.4％를 차지하며, 1년 평균 350억 명의 승객이 160개의 역을 이용하고 있어, 1역당 평균 18.8백만 명/년의 수송수요를 담당하고 있다. 1년 기준을 365일로 나누면, 1일 평균 수송인원은 약8백만 명/일, 1일 1개역당 평균 수송인원은 5만 명/일로 조사되었다. (중략)

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