• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1167-1187
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• 2020

We are facing the situation where cyber threats such as hacking, malware, data leakage, and theft, become an important issue in the perspective of personal daily life, business, and national security. Although various efforts are being made to response to the cyber threats in the national and industrial sectors, the problems such as the industry-academia skill-gap, shortage of cybersecurity professionals are still serious. Thus, in order to overcome the skill-gap and shortage problems, we propose a Cybersecurity technical response Job Competency(CtrJC) framework by adopting the concept of cybersecurity personnel's job competency. As a sample use-case study, we implement the CtrJC against to personals who are charged in realtime cybersecurity response, which is an important job at the national and organization level, and verify the our framework's effects. We implement a sample model, which is a CtrJC against to realtime cyber threats (We call it as CtrJC-R), and study the verification and validation of the implemented model.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.285-296
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• 2018

Among many hacking attempts carried out in the past few years, the cyber-attacks that could have caused a national-level disaster were the attacks against nuclear facilities including nuclear power plants. The most typical one was the Stuxnet attack against Iranian nuclear facility and the cyber threat targeting one of the facilities operated by Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea; ROK). Although the latter was just a threat, it made many Korean people anxious while the former showed that the operation of nuclear plant can be actually stopped by direct cyber-attacks. After these incidents, the possibility of cyber-attacks against industrial control systems has become a reality and the security for these systems has been tightened based on the idea that the operations by network-isolated systems are no longer safe from the cyber terrorism. The ROK government has established a realistic control systems defense concept and in the US, the relevant authorities have set up several security frameworks to prepare for the threats. This paper presented various cyber security attack cases and their scenarios against control systems, along with the analysis of countermeasures for them. Though this task, we attempt to identify the items that need to be considered when designing a domestic security framework to improve security and secure stability.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2020

Cyber attacks on the aviation weapon system, a state-of-the-art asset, have become a reality and are approaching as a constant threat. However, due to the characteristics of embedded software of the current aviation weapon system, it is managed and operated without connection to the network in peacetime, so the response management to cyber attacks is relatively weak. Therefore, when a cyber attack becomes a reality, it is urgent to prepare and evaluate measures for the adverse effects that such attack will have on the execution of the Air Tasking Order(ATO). In this paper, we propose a framework for operational impact assessment in order to avoid confusion in ATO execution and systematic response to cyber attacks on aviation weapons systems. The proposed framework is designed to minimize the negative impact on operations against cyber attacks that may occur under no warning by analyzing the impact on air operations for each aviation weapon system and standardizing countermeasures for this. In addition, it supports the operational commander to make a quick decision to command for the execution of the operation even in a situation where a cyber attack occurs.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.83-89
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• 2021

The RMF (Cyber Security Risk Management Framework) is a more strengthened U.S. defense cybersecurity framework that is currently used throughout the U.S. federal government beyond the defense sector. In the past decade, the proportion of cyber warfare in non-regular warfare encountered by the United States, especially cyberattacks caused by China and North Korea, has been increasing. In the end, the U.S. is newly establishing an RMF system to prepare a more strengthened cybersecurity policy at the pan-government level, and the U.S. Department of Defense aims to expand the U.S. defense RMF evaluation policy beyond the federal government level. The South Korean military has already applied RMF at the request of the U.S. that notified the policy to apply RMF when obtaining F-35A. The application of RMF by the Korean military is no longer inevitable. Now is the time for the Korean military to seriously think about what to prepare for the early establishment of a successful Korean RMF system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1169-1180
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• 2013

Emulab is a research framework developed by Utah university, proving on-demend research environment service so that researchers can set up and use the environment at anytime. The main advantage of Emulab over other research methodologies like simulation or virtualization is to use real systems and networks using real operating systems, making the research environment much similar to the real world. Even though Emulab has been actively used in many areas such as security and network, there has been little use in Korea research community. As KISTI recently constructed a small Emulab, it is expected that many researchers and educators would make use of the Emulab. In this study, we introduce Emulab to Korea research community and give an overview of utilization trend of Emulab as a cyber security research framework.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2023

In recent years, advanced persistent threat (APT) attack organizations have exploited various vulnerabilities and attack techniques to target companies and institutions with national core technologies, distributing ransomware and demanding payment, stealing nationally important industrial secrets and distributing them on the black market (dark web), selling them to third countries, or using them to close the technology gap, requiring national-level security preparations. In this paper, we analyze the attack methods of attack organizations such as Kimsuky and Lazarus that caused industrial secrets leakage damage through APT attacks in Korea using the MITRE ATT&CK framework, and derive 26 cybersecurity-related administrative, physical, and technical security requirements that a company's security system should be equipped with. We also proposed a security framework and system configuration plan to utilize the security requirements in actual field. The security requirements presented in this paper provide practical methods and frameworks for security system developers and operators to utilize in security work to prevent leakage of corporate industrial secrets. In the future, it is necessary to analyze the advanced and intelligent attacks of various APT attack groups based on this paper and further research on related security measures.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.76-89
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• 2013

최근의 사이버 위협은 공격자에 의해 지속적이고 지능화된 위협으로 진화하고 있다. 이러한 위협은 장기간에 걸쳐 이루어지기 때문에 보안체계를 잘 갖추고 있는 회사라 하더라도 탐지하는데 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 차세대 보안관제 프레임워크의 지향점을 네트워크 가시성 강화, 상황인식 기반 지능형 보안관제, 관련 업무조직과의 정보 통합 및 협업 강화로 제시하고 있으며 구조적, 수집 파싱, 검색 분석, 이상 탐지 등 총 9개 관점에서 이를 지원하는 필요 기술들을 분류하였다. 아울러 침투 경로 및 공격 단계와 내부 자원 간 연관성 분석을 통한 수집 정보 범위 설정, 사례 기반 상관분석 규칙 생성 적용, 정보연동, 업무처리, 컴플라이언스, 조사 분석 등 지원 기능의 연계를 보안관제 모델링의 필요 요소로 도출하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 2001

This paper presents the network security modeling methodology and simulation using the hierarchical and modular modeling and simulation framework. Recently, Howard and Amoroso developed the cause-effect model of the cyber attack, defense, and consequences, Cohen has been proposed the simplified network security simulation methodology using the cause-effect model, however, it is not clear that it can support more complex network security model and also the model-based cyber attack simulation. To deal with this problem, we have adopted the hierarchical and modular modeling and simulation environment so called the System Entity Structure/Model Base (SES/MB) framework which integrates the dynamic-based formalism of simulation with the symbolic formalism of AI. Several simulation tests performed on sample network system verify the soundness of our method.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.299-312
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• 2023

Recently, the electronic control unit (ECU) has been integrating several functions into one beyond simple convenience functions. Accordingly, ECUs have more functions and external interfaces than before, and various cybersecurity problems are arising. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) issued UN Regulation No.155 to establish international standards for vehicle cybersecurity management systems in light of the growing threats to vehicle cybersecurity. According to international standards, vehicle manufacturers are required to establish a Cybersecurity Management System (CSMS) and receive a Vehicle Type Approval (VTA). However, opinions were raised that the implementation period should be adjusted because domestic preparations for this are insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a web-based solution that maps a checklist to check the status of CSMS in the requirement and various vehicle security companies and solutions to mitigate the identified gap.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.287-289
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• 2003

최근 인터넷을 통한 사이버 공격의 형태가 다양해지고 복잡해지면서 효과적인 탐지 및 대응이 어려워지고 있다. 특히 UDP 계열의 DoS. DDoS 공격에서 IP 패킷 내의 근원지 IP 주소를 타인의 IP 주소로 위조하여 공격하는 경우 패킷의 실제 송신자를 추적하고 고립화 시키는 것은 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 공격에 쉽게 대응할 수 있는 보안 구조로서 액티브 네트워크를 이용한 보안 관리 프레임워크를 설계하고, 위조 IP 공격에 보다 능동적인 대응이 가능한 메커니즘을 제안한다.