• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.8.2-9
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• 1983

Recently, the laryngomicrosurgery has been done for the removal of benign laryngeal mass and for the improvement of voice. For the evaluation of the effect of the treatment, there must be any objective method such as aerodynamic study, vocal fold vibration study, acoustic analysis, psycho-acoustic evaluation and the neuro-muscular study. The authors evaluated the phoniatric effect of the laryngomicrosurgery for the patients of 15 laryngeal polyps and 9 laryngeal nodules, who received pre-op. and post-op. vocal function study from Jun. 1981 to Mar. 1983. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) The post-op. mean value of the maximum phonation time was increased 40 % in the unilateral polyps, 62 % in the bilateral nodules and 18 % in the unilateral nodules. 2) The post-op. mean value of the phonation quotient was decreased 25 % in comparison with pre-op. value in the case of the bilateral polyps, 26 % in the unilateral polyps, 55 % in the bilateral nodules and 12 % in the unilateral nodules. 3) The post-op. mean value of the mean air flow rate was decreased 27 % in comparison with the pre-op. value in the case of the bilateral polyps, 25 % in the unilateral polyps, 65 % in the bilateral nodules, 25 % in the unilateral nodules. 4) The glottic chink of the 10 cases of polyps among the 11 cases were disappeared, and the glottic chink of the 5 cases of nodules among 7 cases were also disappeared after surgery. 5) The pre-op. hoarseness of the 10 cases of polyps among the pre-op. hoarseness of the 11 cases of polyps were changed to clear and the 3 cases of nodules were also changed to clear.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2019

This study aimed to compare the prosodic characteristics of North Korean defectors and South Koreans in three types of sentences (declarative, interrogative, and negative) in two reading tasks (short and dialogue) through acoustic analysis and auditory-perceptual evaluation. In addition, this study examined the relationship between the auditory-perceptual evaluation scores and self-assessment questionnaires on intonation for North Korean defectors. The participants were 15 North Korean defectors and 15 Korean speakers with standard Seoul accents. For statistical analysis, three-way mixed ANOVA and multivariate analysis were performed within the three types of sentences in the reading tasks through acoustic analysis and the Mann-Whitney U Test for auditory-perceptual evaluation. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were also used to identify the correlations between the results of the self-assessment questionnaire on intonation and the auditory-perceptual evaluation. The North Korean defectors were found to have a significantly lower pitch range and auditory-perceptual evaluation score than South Koreans in reading tasks. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between their auditory-perceptual evaluations and self-assessment questionnaires on intonation. The study findings suggest that North Korean defectors, who face many challenges with intonation, showed a tendency to think that their intonation differed from the standard Korean intonation and showed better auditory evaluation results for interrogative sentences.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-219
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• 1997

Objectives: Anterior approach to achieve arthrodesis of the cervical spine has become a widely accepted and often-used approach since its earliest reports by Bailey and Badgley, Smith and Robinson and Cloward. However, anterior interbody fusion in the presence of the posterior instability may be complicated by the bone graft dislodgement, kyphotic defomity or nonunion. As an attemp to prevent this undesirable complication, additional methods such as skeletal traction, halo appratus or even posterior fusion has been utilized. Therefore, The cervical spine locking plate(CSLP) with the anterior intervertebral body bone grafting provide immediate cervical stabilization and widely successful in achieving fusion. Material and methods: This study analysed 14 patients who underwent a single anterior procedure and application of CSLP for the treatment of the cervical spinal disorder. Eleven patients were disc herniations and three patients were traumatic lesion. The average age of the patient was 47 years and the mean follow up periods was 20 months ranging from 13 to 27 months. Results: Ambulation was started 2nd day after the operation with the aid of the Philadelpia orthoses. Bone union was observed 13 cases on average 12 weeks after operation. The one case was nonunion with plate breakage without clinical symptom. Conclusion: Anterior fusion with CSLP are thought to be a safe and valuable method for treating cervical spine disorder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.564-567
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• 2012

Optical fibers are going to be used for telecommunication, image fibers, sensors under irradiation in nuclear power plants and various irradiation facilities. Especially, Temperature detection sensors using Raman light scattering, temperature or strain sensors using fiber gratings, magnet-optical sensors using photo-magnetic effect, are already commercialized. However, When fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation, color centers are formed in fibers which reduces their light transmission, and it is limited in applying under radiation environments. In this study, $Co^{60}$ gamma-ray induced optical attenuation on Ge-doped single mode(SM) fiber has been measured. Gamma-ray is irradiated for 4hours at the dose rate of 0.5kGy/hr, 2kGy/hr, 8kGy/hr. Consequently, gamma-ray induced loss based on radiation effects in Ge-doped SM fiber occur precisely. Furthermore, dose rate effect that the higher dose rate in the same total dose, the more increase loss of optical fiber and annealing effect that the higher the loss after irradiation, the more increase the recovery rate of the loss are observed in the fiber. This results plan to make use of bases in the study of the radiation-hardened optical fiber.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 1983

The epidemiological relationship between the current prevalence and monthly reinfection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was observed in rural communities in Korea by means of blanket mass chemotherapy and worm collection for measurement of the prevalence and reinfection rates. During the period from 1975 to 1980, a total of 4,466 inhabitants in 10 different localities were treated with 10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate and 2 days' whole stools were collected from 2,547 inhabitants. The stools were examined for the presence of expelled adult and/or young worms, which represent the prevalence and reinfection rates for past 2 months respectively. After then, the obtained rates were correlated each other applying the timeprevalence curve proposed by Hayashi. It was observed that the prevalence (overall worm positive rate) and worm burden per individual ranged by areas from 13. 6 to 72. 3% and 1.4~10. 2 respectively. The calculated monthly reinfection rates (X) (from young worm positive rates) according to areas were in the range, 2.6~16.2%, and clearly correlated with the current prevalence (Y) under the equation, $Y=1-(l-X)^{7.2}$ where 7.2 is time in month. The equation means that after one time mass chemotherapy the period needed to attain equilibrium of prevalence again would be about 7~8 months. And it is inferred that the majority of reinfected worms in human host turn over every 7~8 months.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.207-233
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• 2011

This thesis is a study of the printed books of Liudao Pushuo(六道普說), one of Mengshan(蒙山)'s works. Mengshan De-yi(德異) lived in the Song(宋) and Yuan(元) Dynasty and was a Buddhist monk of Linji Chan(臨濟宗). Liudao Pushuo exists only in Korea, and there is no copy in China. Liudao Pushuo is a summary of the preachings of Mengshan about the Ten dharma-worlds(十法界) which include the six realms(六道) and the four kinds of holy men(四聖). There are 22 printed books in Korea. This study analyzed their physical descriptions and structures. As a result, all the printed books have 'sajudanbyoun(四周單邊)' except one book that is 'julchopjang(折帖裝)' of 'Bulgapsa(佛甲寺)'. There are also ten books with 'Heukku(黑口) and naehyang heukumi(內向黑魚尾)'. This indicates that those were typical of the printing type of the early days of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty. In addition, the books with 13 characters in one line(13字本) were common. All 22 printed books were published in the $15^{th}$ and 16th century. This study confirms that Liudao Pushuo was handed down in the Goryeo(高麗) from China and actively published in the 15th and 16th century. This shows that Mengshan's Seon(禪) had a significant effect on Buddhism in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.5.2-6
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• 1978

The prognosis of the laryngeal diseases is highly dependent on the early diagnosis and treatment. The biopsy finding is inevitable for the cofirmed diagnosis. A clinico-statistical survey of the biopsy result of the larynx in 142 cases was done at the Department of the Otolaryngology Seoul National University Hospital during a period of 3 yrs from 1973 to 1975. Results are as follows 1. Of the 142 cases, 109 cases (76.8%) were males and 33 cases (23.2%) females. Sex ratio was 3.3 : 1. 2. Age distribution shows 41 cases (28.8%) in 5th decade, 41 cases (28.9%) in 6th decade. 3. Chief complaint was hoarseness 127 cases (89.4 %), dysphagia 7 cases (4.9%) and sore throat, dyspnea etc. The time lag from the onset of hoarseness to the hospital was 2∼6 Months, 56 cases (44.0%), 6 Months∼l yrs, 34 cases (24%), within 2 Months, 17 cases (13.4%) and 15 cases (11.8%) were over 3yrs. Average time lag was 8.1 Months. 4. The site of laryngeal biopsy was 76 cases (53.3 %) from ture vocal cord, 23 cases (16.2%) from false vocal cord, and 19 cases (13.3%) from epiglottis. 5. Biopsy result was carcinoma in 69 cases (48.6%), laryngeal nodule in 20 cases (14.0%), laryngeal tuberculosis in 12 cases (8.4%) and non specific inflamation in 7 cases (5.0%). 6. 13.4% of the clinically impressed laryngeal carcinoma proved to be laryngeal tuberculosis, nonspecific inflammation etc.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.7.1-7
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• 1977

According to Bryce and Cranston, prolapse of the laryngeal ventricle is a protrusion of the ventricular mucosa into the laryngeal cavity from inflammatory hyperplasia or edema. This 53 year old female patient was admitted to our hospital March 11, 1977 with the chief complaints of dyspnea and hoarseness. On admission, evaluation of the larynx revealed smooth surfaced round pink-reddish mass protruding bilaterally beneath the false cord. The airway was almost completely obstructed by the tumor mass, but neither ulceration nor infiltration was seen, also no lymphnode was palpable in the neck. Tracheotomy was performed for the relief of dyspnea and biopsy was done endoscopically. Histologic study showed chronic inflammation. On April 2, 1977 laryngofissure was performed under general anesthesia. Laryngeal examination revealed smooth surfaced, plate like, pinkreddish mass protruding bilaterally from both laryngeal ventricles into the laryngeal cavity and extending the whole length of the ventricle antero-posteriorly and touching each other. Biopsy was taken of the mass and the result was non-specific inflammatory hyperplasia of the larynx. Postoperatively, the air way is completely clear of obstruction but mild hoarseness still remains. No recurrent mass is visible in the larynx. In view of the symptoms, operative findings and histological findings, this case is diagnosed as "Prolapse of the laryngeal ventricle". The prolapse of the laryngeal ventricle is a very rare lesion and is reported with review of the literature.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to try to structuralize the perception of the mothers of science-gifted elementary students using the concept mapping approach. The mothers who participated in this research had children who were 5th and 6th graders selected as science-gifted by a regional education office, a science high school and two national universities in a city. One of the authors interviewed 26 mothers, and extracted 50 general statements of their perceptions about the career path of their children. Ten mothers who participated in interviews sorted a shuffled pack of statement cards. The categorization of the statements into the dissimilarity matrix was carried out by SPSS multidimensional scaling analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to generate a conceptual diagram. After that 140 mothers rated each statement using a Likert-type response scale from one to five. The result showed six clusters of parental views such as were 'Burden of private education, grades and going to the next grade,' 'Thinking about career guidance in gifted education and school,' 'Parental roles in child career education,' 'Difficulties in career guidance at home,' 'Demand for strengthening the parental capacity for career guidance,' and 'Demand for social support.' 'Demand for social support' obtained the highest sympathy from mothers of elementary science gifted.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.115-159
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• 2018

This paper situates 63 provinces of Vietnam on a two-dimensional governance space, according to their levels of both economic and political governance, and systematically explains the two-dimensional distribution of provincial governance. It presents three sets of explanatory factors: the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) that each province has attracted, the combination of provincial urbanization and population density, and the North Central Coast region factor. Provinces that score high in both economic and political governance tend to have received a good amount of FDI and to be highly urbanized and densely populated whereas provinces that score low in both governance dimensions tend to have the opposite characteristics. Provinces that are high in economic governance but low in political governance are those that have received the greatest amount of FDI and tend to be highly urbanized yet relatively sparsely populated. Provinces that are high in political governance but low in economic governance are characterized by a relatively small amount of FDI, low urbanization, and high population density. Finally, provinces in the North Central Coast region tend to score very high in political governance.