• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

In this study, we developed AMI terminals of 1 (reader): N (small transmitter). Currently, the government is focusing on the Gas AMI demonstration project to advance the outdated metering system of the urban gas industry, led by the government-sponsored ministries. The supply of gas AMI meters has the advantage of resolving uncertainties in privacy violations and measurement information and preparing for consumer safety through gas leakage detection. In the case of existing AMI meters, readers and transmitters were 1:1 methods, while this technology can be extended to multiple generations with a 1:N method, and a technology that can extend battery life by implementing a low-power design is applied. We hope that this research will contribute to the gas AMI supply project in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.206-208
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• 2022

As the big data industry has recently developed significantly, interest in privacy violations caused by personal information leakage has increased. There have been attempts to automate this through named entity recognition in natural language processing. In this paper, named entity recognition data is constructed semi-automatically by identifying sentences with de-identification information from de-identification information in Korean Wikipedia. This can reduce the cost of learning about information that is not subject to de-identification compared to using general named entity recognition data. In addition, it has the advantage of minimizing additional systems based on rules and statistics to classify de-identification information in the output. The named entity recognition data proposed in this paper is classified into twelve categories. There are included de-identification information, such as medical records and family relationships. In the experiment using the generated dataset, KoELECTRA showed performance of 0.87796 and RoBERTa of 0.88.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

People counting data is crucial for most business owners, since they can derive meaningful information about customers movement within their businesses. For example, owners of the supermarkets can increase or decrease the number of checkouts counters depending on number of occupants. Also, it has many applications in smart buildings, too. Where it can be used as a smart controller to control heating and cooling systems depending on a number of occupants in each room. There are advanced technologies like camera-based people counting system, which can give more accurate counting result. But they are expensive, hard to deploy and privacy invasive. In this paper, we propose a method and a hardware sensor for counting people passing through a passage or an entrance using IR Infrared sensors. Proposed sensor operates at low voltage, so low power consumption ensure long duration on batteries. Moreover, we propose a new method that distinguishes human body and other objects. Proposed method is inexpensive, easy to install and most importantly, it is real-time. The evaluation of our proposed method showed that when counting people passing one by one without overlapping, recall was 96% and when people carrying handbag like objects, the precision was 88%. Our proposed method outperforms IR Infrared based people counting systems in term of counting accuracy.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

Recently, smart home technology has been developed with a great response due to the convenience of home automation. Smart home technology provides various services by connecting various Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors to a home network through wired/wireless networks. In addition, the smart home service easily and conveniently controls lighting, energy, environment, and door cameras through a wall pad. However, while it has become a social issue due to the recent hacking accident of wall pads, personal information leakage and privacy infringement are expected. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare preventive and countermeasures against security vulnerability factors of wall pads. Therefore, this study expects that it can be used as basic data for future smart home application and response technology development by examining the weak causes and countermeasures related to wall pads.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2024.01a
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• pp.109-111
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• 2024

군사 목적으로 개발된 드론은 최근 다양한 산업 및 민간 분야로 확대되고 있으며, 이러한 확대에 따라, 드론이 급격하게 발전하여, 농업이나 무인 드론 택배와 같은 산업 전반적으로 긍정적인 효과를 창출하는 추세이다. 그러나 이러한 발전에 반하여, 드론에 장착된 카메라를 통한 사생활 침해나 테러 목적으로 활용하는 것과 같은 부정적인 측면이 드러나기 시작하였다. 특히, 드론의 위치와 밀접한 연관이 있는 GPS와 관련하여, 무인 이동체의 특성상, GPS 신호에 의존하여 사용자에게 드론의 위치를 전달하지만, 이러한 GPS 신호를 송신하는 위성은 거리가 매우 멀리 위치하고, 이에 따라, 신호 세기가 비교적 약한 문제점을 가진다. 이와 같은 문제점을 악용하는 GPS 스푸핑 공격이 등장하였으며, 이 공격은 만약 공격자가 GPS 신호를 조작하여 송신한다면, 드론에 장착된 GPS 수신기는 조작된 GPS 위치를 수신하며, 이에 따라, 드론의 제어권을 탈취하거나 충돌 유발, 비정상적인 비행 경로 유도와 같은 문제점이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 최신의 상용화된 드론을 대상으로, GPS 스푸핑 공격의 취약점을 분석하고 실증한다. 이를 위하여, 공격자가 비행 금지 구역에 해당하는 GPS 신호를 조작하는 것으로 공격을 시도하고, 이에 따른 드론에서 준비된 동작인 강제 착륙과 같은 비정상적인 행위를 유발하여, 드론의 임무 수행 능력을 제한하는 취약점을 분석하고 실험을 통하여 실증한다. 본 논문의 결과를 토대로, 최신 드론에서 발생 가능한 보안 위협을 도출함으로써, 드론의 안전성을 향상시키기 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

As the number of coffee shops increases, many people are studying or working at coffee shops. Coffee shop operators have been required to analyze customer visits due to customer turnover and profit problems. Methods such as image analysis, QR code authentication, and Bluetooth beacon have been proposed for these statistics and analysis. However, it is difficult to use due to problems such as invasion of privacy and low accuracy. Therefore, in this study, to solve these problem and provide more accurate in-store congestion information, we propose a crowding measurement method of coffee shop using high frequency signal. There is an advantage in that a high frequency signal replaces the Bluetooth signal, and the transmission range of the signal is limited to the store, thereby increasing the accuracy of the method. To verify the performance of the proposed system, we conducted a comparative experiment with a Bluetooth based system, and as a result, the proposed method showed lower misrecognition rate. Thus, the proposed method will be an effective useful service for providing information on crowding at coffee shops and processing statistics.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a driver condition monitoring system using FMCW in-cabin radar, which is free from wearing inconvenience and privacy issues. Using 77GHz high-precision radar, the system detects changes in eye blinking patterns according to changes in the driving environment and the driver's condition using an adaptive multiple filtering algorithm, and accurately determines drowsy driving by measuring the number of eye blinks and the time it takes to open and close the eyes through the detected data. With the emergence of high-performance radars that are becoming more and more miniaturized, it is possible to embed them in the instrument panel or rearview mirror of the vehicle, and if the driver is judged to be drowsy, it can wake up the driver through an alarm or interlock with the vehicle's driving system to slow down and make an emergency stop to prevent accidents and promote driver safety.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2020

In this paper, the application of evacuation delay time (Cognition time + initiation time) and examine the degree of opening of fire doors in households for evaluating evacuation safety and suggest a realistic alternative. In order to proceed with this study, first of all, the preliminary investigation on evacuation safety evacuation of residential-type buildings (Apartment, urban living houses, etc.) among the performance-oriented design targets of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which was implemented until June 2018. Then, for the two representative types that are commonly used among the previously surveyed buildings, evacuation delay time is applied to W1, W2, and respectively simulating the opening of the doors is applied to th full open, 1/4 open, the leakage gap and evacuation safety evaluation was performed. As a result of evaluating evacuation safety was found that it is difficult to secure evacuation safety regardless of evacuation delay time W1 and W2 when the fire door is fully open and 1/4 open, Only when the leakage gap is applied evacuation safety was ensured even if evacuation delay time W2 was applied. Therefore, when a residential building is subject to performance-oriented design, evaluating the application of W2 rather than W1 is considered for evacuation delay time to reflect concern about privacy infringement due to CCTV installation, etc. In order to secure the Smoke blocking performance of the fire door and to improve the performance-oriented design, I would like to propose to consider the method of applying a leak gap to the degree of opening of the fire door. Through this, it is expected that the performance-oriented design will be a step further by performing evacuation safety evaluation with more realistic data.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.367-418
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• 2018

Just as safety is the most important thing in aviation, safety is the most important in the operation of unmanned aircraft (RPA), and safety operation is the most important in the legal responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft. In this thesis, the legal responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft, focusing on the responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft, was discussed in depth with the issue of insurance, which compensates for damages in the event of an accident First of all, the legal responsibility of the operator of the unmanned aircraft was reviewed for the most basic : definition, scope and qualification of the operator of the unmanned aircraft, and the liability of the operator of the Convention On International Civil Aviation, the ICAO Annex, the RPAS Manual, the Rome Convention, other major international treaties and Domestic law such as the Aviation Safety Act. The ICAO requires that unmanned aircraft be operated in such a manner as to minimize hazards to persons, property or other aircraft as a major principle of the operation of unmanned aircraft, which is ultimately equivalent to manned aircraft Considering that most accidents involving unmanned aircrafts fall to the ground, causing damage to third parties' lives or property, this thesis focused on the responsibility of operators under the international treaty, and the responsibility of third parties for air transport by Domestic Commercial Act, as well as the liability for compensation. In relation to the Rome Convention, the Rome Convention 1952 detailed the responsibilities of the operator. Although it has yet to come into effect regarding liability, some EU countries are following the limit of responsibility under the Rome Convention 2009. Korea has yet to sign any Rome Convention, but Commercial Act Part VI Carriage by Air is modeled on the Rome Convention 1978 in terms of compensation. This thesis also looked at security-related responsibilities and the responsibility for privacy infringement. which are most problematic due to the legal responsibilities of operating unmanned aircraft. Concerning insurance, this thesis looked at the trends of mandatory aviation insurance coverage around the world and the corresponding regulatory status of major countries to see the applicability of unmanned aircraft. It also looked at the current clauses of the Domestic Aviation Business Act that make insurance mandatory, and the ultra-light flight equipment insurance policy and problems. In sum, the operator of an unmanned aircraft will be legally responsible for operating the unmanned aircraft safely so that it does not pose a risk to people, property or other aircraft, and there will be adequate compensation in the event of an accident, and legal systems such as insurance systems should be prepared to do so.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.75-103
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• 2020

There is a growing voice that medical information should be shared because it can prepare for genetic diseases or cancer by analyzing and utilizing medical information in big data or artificial intelligence to develop medical technology and improve patient care. The utilization and protection of patients' personal information are the same as two sides of the same coin. Medical institutions or medical personnel should take extra caution in handling personal information with high environmental distinct characteristics and sensitivity, which is different from general information processors. In general, the patient's personal information is processed by medical personnel or medical institutions through the processes of collection, creation, and destruction. Still, the use of terms related to personal information in the Medical Service Act is jumbled, or the scope of application is unclear, so it relies on the interpretation of precedents. For the medical personnel or the founder of the medical institution, in the case of infringement of Article 24(4), it cannot be regarded that it means only medical treatment information among personal information, whether or not it should be treated the same as the personal information under Article 23, because the sensitive information of patients is recorded, saved, and stored in electronic medical records. Although the prohibition of information leakage under Article 19 of the Medical Service Act has a revision; 'secret' that was learned in business was revised to 'information', but only the name was changed, and the benefit and protection of the law is the same as the 'secret' of the criminal law, such that the patient's right to self-determination of personal information is not protected. The Privacy Law and the Local Health Act consider the benefit and protection of the law in 'information learned in business' as the right to self-determination of personal information and stipulate the same penalties for personal information infringement such as leakage, forgery, alteration, and damage. The privacy regulations of the Medical Service Act require that the terms be adjusted uniformly because the jumbled use of terms can confuse information subjects, information processors, and shows certain limitations on the protection of personal information because the contents or scope of the regulations of the Medical Service Law for special corporations and the Privacy Law may cause confusion in interpretation. The patient's personal information is sensitive and must be safely protected in its use and processing. Personal information must be processed in accordance with the protection principle of Privacy Law, and the rights such as privacy, freedom, personal rights, and the right to self-determination of personal information of patients or guardians, the information subject, must be guaranteed.