• Title/Summary/Keyword: 사료 에너지.단백질

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낙농및 육우사료에 있어서 저질조사료의 영양적 보강방안

  • Ward John K.
    • 월간낙농육우
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    • s.24
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    • pp.53-56
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    • 1983
  • 저질조사료의 이용은 인간이 소비하는 가축생산물의 이용성을 증진시킬 수 있으며 생산비를 절감할 수 있다. 이런조사료는 비유중기 또는 말기의 낮은 생산성을 보여주는 단계에서 또는 비유하지 않는 임신우의 유지를 위하여 사료의 일부로서 이용되는데 가장 적합하다. 또한 이들 조사료는 성장 또는 비육계획에 제한된 기준에 의거 이용되어질 수 있으며 이들 저질조사료가 사용될 때는 언제나 단백질,광물질,비타민A와 필요하다면 에너지까지도 보충 급여되어야만 한다.

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Influence of the Combination of Casein and Isolated Soyprotein with or without Methionine Supplementation on the Growth, Metabolism, and Body Composition of Growing Rats (카제인과 대두단백질(大豆蛋白質)의 혼합(混合) 및 Methionine보충(補充)이 흰쥐의 성장(成長), 체내(體內) 대사(代謝) 및 체조성(體組成)에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Young Ja;Han, In Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.73-83
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    • 1983
  • This experiment was conducted to study effects of different sources of protein, and of the different combination ratios of the two protein supplemented or unsupplemented with methionine on the growth and body metabolism of the growing male rats. Casein and isolated soyprotein (ISP) were combined at different ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50, 20:80 and 0:100 to supply the constant levels of dietary energy and protein of 3,600kcal/kg and 20%, respectively. Each combination was supplemented with either 0 or 0.3% methionine. Results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: The body weight and weight gain in the ISP diet were the lowest, but were increased with the increase of ratios of casein to ISP. The body weight gain in the ISP diet supplemented with methionine was similar to that in the combination diets of casein and ISP. The combination diets of casein and ISP supplemented with methionine had the higher weight gain than the casein diet. The food intake in the casein diet was the highest, and was increased with the increase of ratios of casein to ISP, and was lowered with methionine supplementation. The food intake in the ISP diet was the lowest and was not increased with methionine supplementation to the ISP diet. The food efficiency ratio of the combination diets of casein and ISP was improved compared to those of either the casein or the ISP diets. The food efficiency ratio was improved in the diet of either casein of ISP supplemented with methionine, but was not improved in the combination diets of casein and ISP with methionine supplementation. The gross energy intake had direct relation with the food intake of rats and the relation was increased either in the casein diet of with the increase of the ratios of casein to ISP. The energy efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were improved in the diet of either casein of ISP by the supplementation of methionine, and the effect of methionine supplementation of the energy efficiency and protein efficiency atio was increased with the increase of the ratios of ISP to casein. The nitrogen intake and urinary nitrogen excretion of the casein diet were the highest and those of the ISP diet were the lowest. They were increased with the increase of ratios of casein to ISP. The nitrogen balance and retention were not significantly among the treatments. The gross energy intake and fecal and urinary energy were the highest in the casein diet but the digestible and metabolizable energy and the digestibility and metabolizability of energy were not significantly different among the treatments. The body fat content of rats was increased by supplementation of methionine but the body protein content was decreased (r=-0.65, p<0.01). The body fat content of rats was negatively correlated with body moisture content (r=-0.83, p<0.01). The liver weight was highly correlated with the carcass weight (r=0.79, p<0.01), and was increased by the methionine supplementation and by the increase of the ratios of casein to ISP.

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Effects of Dietary Animal Protein Sources on Growth and Body Composition in Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlogeli (사료내 동물성 단백질원들이 조피볼락의 성장과 체조성에 미치는 영향)

  • 배승철;김강웅
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 1997
  • A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the nutritional value of various dietary animal protein sources in juvenile Koran rockfish. White fish meal (WFM), flounder muscle meal (FMM), blood meal (BM), casein & gelain (CG), egg white albumin (EWA) and squid liver powder (SLP) were used as the animal protein sources, Crude protein content and available energy of the experimental diets were 50% and 15.9 kJ/g, respectively. There were significant differences among all dietary groups in weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), and protein effiency ratio (PER). WFM and FFM were the best animal protein sources among the dietary groups. FMM diet had significantly higher (P<0.05) WG, FE, and PER values than those of fish fed the WFM diet. WG, FE, PER, and specific growth rate (SGR) values of fish fed BM diet were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed EWA diet. Significant differences were found in whole body composition, hemoglobin (Hb), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and hematocrit (Ht). These results showed that low-temperature processing of lyophilized flounder muscle meal resulted in superior performance of rockfish relative to the other evaluated animal protein sources.

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The Utilization of Mutton Fat, Tallow, and Lecithin in the Broilers (육계에서의 양지, 우지 및 레시친의 이용)

  • 고태송;오세정;김춘수
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 1979
  • In order to evaluate the effect of lipids on the utilization of the energy and Protein of the diet, the isocaloric and isoprotein diets added with mutton fat, tallow, and lecithin at the levels of two percent and five percent were prepared. The growth of chicken and the feed efficiency were observed on hatched chicken which were fed a commercial diet for the first week, with starters for the next four weeks, and with finisher diets for the last three weeks respectively during the eight weeks of the experiment. Growth rate, feed efficiency, and average body weight gain per day were similar among the chicken fed diets containing various lipids or at the levels of two percent and five percent. The metabolizable energy of the diets was found to be from 2.713kcal to 3.059kcal per gram, and the metabolizability of the gross energy was from 62 percent to 70 percent. Also the metabolizability of basal diet was higher as compared with the diets containing lipids. And the lower energy utilization was found in the broilers fed diets containing five percent lipids than those of two percent, showing not significant difference between them. Daily metabolizable energy of three week old birds ranged from 132kca1 to 168kcal which resulted in also a tendency of lower values in the five percent diets. And daily retained nitrogen of birds ranged from 0.631 gr to 0.738 gr, which showed an increasing tendency on the birds fed five percent mutton fat and tallow in comparison with those of two percent. But the lecithin brought about a reverse tendency. The digestibility of crude fats was found to be from 48 percent to 76 percent, but not significant difference among diets plus lipids or at the levels of two percent and five percent. The birds fed five percent mutton fat and tallow showed a tendency of lower digestibility as. compared with those fed two percent, but the similar results were found between two percent and five percent lecithin fed to the birds. Then, it was tentatively concluded that the effect of the mutton fat on the energy and protein utilization was similar to tallow but resulted different tendency with lecithin.

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Effect of Dietary Energy, Protein on Growth and Blood Composition of Cross Bred Chicks (유색육용계의 성장과 혈액성상에 사료단백질 및 에너지가 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Y.D.;Ryu, K.S.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.291-302
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    • 2008
  • To acquire essentially necessary basic data to establish feeding system by verifying appropriate dietary energy and protein level for the growth of commercial slow growing broiler chicks within the country, two experiments were conducted for 5 weeks. One day old, 1,404 male and female broiler chicks were used for the experiments, and 26 chicks were placed at each pen. The energy level of feed was maintained about 3,000 or 3,100 kg/kcal for whole breeding period of 5 weeks, and protein content was adjusted about 20, 21, and 22% during the first two weeks and the content was adjusted to 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22% from the 3 to 5 weeks old of the experiment. The categories of body weight and feed intake amount were monitored to calculate the productivity and blood sampling was conducted for the analysis at the end of each experiment. Experiment 1:Although the productivity by the ME content difference during $0{\sim}2$ weeks did not have significant difference and the body weight increase by the difference of CP content and feed intake amount did not have much difference, the feed requirement rate was statistically improved in CP 21 and 22% treatment groups compared to the CP 20% group (P<0.05). The feed ME 3,100 kcal/kg treated group during $3{\sim}5$ weeks after starting the experiment revealed to show improved feed requirement rate (P<0.05). Within the period of experiment, the CP 22% treated group resulted to show significant body weight increase compared to the groups treated with low levels of CP (P<0.05) and the feed requirement rate was improved in high CP treated group compared to low CP treated groups, but the feed intake amount did not show significant difference between treated groups. During the experiment period, the body weight increase and feed requirement rate revealed to interact between ME and CP (P<0.05). During the whole experiment period of the 5 weeks, the feed requirement rate was improved in ME 3,100 kcal/kg treated group than the groups treated with ME 3,000 kcal/kg, and the CP (20) 18% treatment groups resulted to show higher values than other treatment groups (P<0.05). Body weight increase was high in CP (22) 22% treated groups than those of CP (21) 21% and (20) 18% treated groups, and the interaction between ME and CP was found at body weight increase and feed requirement rate (P<0.05). Although blood albumin and total cholesterol levels were elevated in ME 3,100 kcal/kg treated group than ME 3,000 kcal/kg treated group, but neutral fat content was reduced (P<0.05). On the other hand, the total cholesterol content was increased in CP (22) 21% treated group than CP (22) 20% and CP (20) 18% treated groups (P<0.05). Experiment 2: The body weight increase in 0-2 weeks was higher in ME 3,100 kcal/kg treated group than ME 3,000 kcal/kg treated group, and it was highly improved in CP 22% treated group than CP 20% treated group by showing the interaction between CP and ME (P<0.05). The significant improvement of feed requirement rate was observed in CP 21% and 22% treated groups compared to CP 20% treated group (P<0.05). The productivity between the growth period from 3 to 5 weeks of age and whole growth period resulted to show no significant difference. Although no difference was observed in blood composition between treated groups, the interaction of ME and CP on cholesterol content was accepted at the range of P<0.05). Therefore, it is considered that the appropriate dietary protein level within feed for the physiology of growing broiler chicks was 22% or more for the first two weeks and protein level of 21% or 20% from 3 to 5 weeks old for the maximization of productivity. Even if the energy level within feed had some partial effects on the productivity, but did not show consistency. So, further experiments needto be conducted by differentiating the energy level.

Effect of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolisaccharide Injection on the Performance, Nitrogen Balance and ME Utilization of Dietary Krill Meal in Broiler Chicks (살모넬라 LPS를 주입한 육계 병아리의 생산성과 질소밸런스 및 대사에너지 이용성에 미치는 사료 중 크릴 밀의 영향)

  • Im, J.T.;Kim, J.H.;Park , I.K.;Koh, T.S.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.957-966
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    • 2003
  • Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysacharide(LPS) and dietary krill meal on the Growth and feed utilization were investigated in broiler chicks. Eight cages of five newly hatched chicks each were assigned and fed to one of the experimental diets containing 0.0,(basal) 0.5 or 1.0% krill meal during 3 weeks of experimental period. And half(four) of the eight cages were i.p. injected with saline or LPS(Immune response activation) every alternate day three times beginning 8 day-old during 2 week of age. Dietary krill meal did not affect growth, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance(NB), uric acid excretion, and ME utilization when the saline was injected. However, the immune response activation lowered daily gain and feed intake and NB and increased uric acid excretion, and the relative liver and spleen weight. Also, birds fed diet containing krill meal 1.0% reduced the feed efficiency and increased spleen weight, and ME and NB or ME required for gain compared with those fed basal and krill meal 0.5% diets in LPS-injected chicks. During recovery period from the immunological stress in 3rd week of age, the krill meal diet reduced the weight of liver and spleen, The results showcd that dietary krill meal did not affect the growth of broiler chicks, but the higher uric acid excretion or dietary ME value indicated the increased protein decomposition or absorption of dietary energy sources in immune response activated birds.

Effects of Varying Levels of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein on Performance and Egg Quality of Organic Laying Hens (유기 산란계 에너지.단백질 수준이 산란 생산성 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Yu, Dong-Jo;Na, Jae-Cheon;Choi, Hee-Chul;Bang, Han-Tae;Kim, Sang-Ho;Kang, Geun-Ho;Kang, Hwan-Ku;Suh, Ok-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.367-373
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    • 2009
  • This experiment was conducted to determine optimum dietary levels of dietary energy and protein for laying performance and egg quality in organic laying hens. In a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement, 360 Hy-Line pullets (21 wk of age) were randomly assigned to experimental diets with 2,800, 3,080, and 3,360 kcal of ME/kg of diet, each containing 16 and 18% CP, respectively. Each dietary treatment was replicated 4 times, and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Experimental birds were raised in floor and received 14h of light throughout 52 weeks of experimental period. The birds were observed for feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, Haugh unit, shell thickness, and shell color at 30, 50, and 70 wk of age. Egg production, egg weight, and egg mass were higher (P<0.05) in hens receiving diets with 2,800 kcal/kg of ME/kg of feed than those fed diets containing 3,080 and 3,360 kcal of ME/kg of diets. Eggshell breaking strengths were not significantly different among the dietary ME and CP concentrations. Eggshell thickness was higher (P<0.05) in hens receiving diets with 3,360 kcal of ME/kg of feed than those fed diets containing 2,800 and 3,080 kcal of ME/kg of diets at 50 and 70 week. With increasing in dietary energy levels, the concentrations of blood total cholesterol were also significantly increased. Overall, the laying hens fed organic diet of 2,800 kcal ME/kg and 16% CP showed superior egg production than those of other dietary regimens.

Fish Meal Analog as a Dietary Protein Source in Koran Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (조피볼락(Sebastes schligeli)에 있어 사료내 단백질 사료원으로서의 어분대체품)

  • 김강웅;배승철
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 1997
  • A six week feeding trial was conducted to determine the amount of fish meal analog (FMA) that can be replacing fish meal protein (FM) in Korean Rockfish. Seven experimental diets were formulated on isonitrogenous 52% crude protein and isocaloric basic 16.8KJ/g diet. Also, foreign commercial fish meal analog (CFMA) and attractants (ATT) were tested in this experiment. Percentage of the graded level of replacement of FM by FMA/CFMA on the basis of crude protein were as following : Diet 1, 100%FM ; Diet by 2, 60%FM : 40% CFMA ; Diet 3, 60%FM : 40$ CFMA+ATT ; Diet 4, 80%FM : 20%FMA ; Diet 5, 80%FM : 20% FMA+ATT ; Diet 6, 60%FM : 40%FMA+ATT ; Diet 7, 40%FM : 60% FMA+ATT. The FMA was made by mixing six animal protein source such as th blood meal, squid liver powder, meat and bond meal, leather meal, feather meal, poultry by-product and 3 essential amino acids (Met, Lys, Ile). Weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diets 4, 5 and 6 were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of fish fed the control (100% FM), while those of fish fed diets 2 and 3 were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the diet 6. There was no significant ATT effects in this study (P>0.05). Significant differences were found in hepatosomatic index, hemoglobin and condition factor. Therefore, these, results indicated that FMA can be used up to 40% as a substitute of fish meal protein in Korean Rockfish diets.

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Protease의 수준별 급여가 육계의 생산성, 혈액의 성상, 장기 무게 및 단백질 소화율에 미치는 영향

  • 박재흥;류명선;나종삼;김종승;류경선
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.122-123
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    • 2002
  • An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental protease on performance, blood components, organ weight and protein digestibility. Two hundred and fifty, one day old cobb x cobb male broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replicates. Four levels of protease were supplemented with 0, 40, 80 and 160U. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion were weekly measured for 5 weeks. Blood components and organ weight were examined at the end of experiment. Metabolic feeding trial was carried out to investigate the protein digestibility for one week at five weeks of age. Basal diets contained 21.5, 19.0% CP and 3,100, 3,200kca1/kg ME for starter and finisher, respectively. Weight gain of chicks fed 80U protease was significantly higher than other treatments for starting period(P〈0.05). Feed conversion of chicks fed protease addition diets was improved as dietary protease increased. It showed significant difference between 80U and control groups(P〈0.05). Sera protein tended to be lowered in protease added groups. HDL-cholesterol was decreased at the maximum level of protease. However, organ weight and protein digestibility were not influenced significantly by dietary protease level. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that protease addition in broiler diets improved the feed conversion.

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