• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combined osmotic dehydration and hot-air drying on the quality of dried apple products. Apple cylinders were steeped in 30% and 50% sucrose solutions at different steeping times. During the osmotic dehydration, as the concentration of the sucrose solution and steeping time increased, weight reduction and water loss increased, and the solid gain showed similar results. Osmotic dehydration in the sucrose solutions was followed by hot-air drying at 50 and $70^{\circ}C$. The experimental data were fitted successfully using the modified Page model. At the drying temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, the drying time increased from 4.15 hr for the control to 5.78 hr and 6.42 hr for the 30 and 50% sucrose solution treatments, respectively. Similar results were shown at the $70^{\circ}C$ drying temperature. The k and n values of the apple cylinders decreased by osmotic dehydration, and the k and n of the apple cylinders steeped in the 50% sucrose solution were lower than those of the samples steeped in the 30% sucrose solution. The qualities of the dried apple products were compared to samples that did not undergo osmotic dehydration. The shrinkage and rehydration capacity of the apple products decreased via osmotic dehydration, and decreased as the concentration of the sucrose solution increased. The compressibility ratios of the apple products to raw apple cylinders increased by osmotic dehydration, and increased as the concentration of sucrose solution increased. The sensory evaluation results for the apple products rehydrated in yoghurt indicate that osmotic dehydration greatly enhances the palatability of apple products in terms of appearance, taste, and texture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of light condition and polarity of explant on adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon of apple in vitro The treatment of light culture after 10days dark treatment showed effective result than other treatments on the rate of adventitious shoot formation on light intensity treatments and also the treatment of blue light treatment after 4days dark treatment showed more effective result than other treatments in light quality treatments. The polarity of explant influence on adventitious shoot formation. Adventitious multiple shoot formation occured at the proximal end of an excised cotyledon. In other words. shoot organogenesis occured at the proximal cut surfaces of both proximal and distal explants rather than at the distal cut surface of proximal explants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.1018-1023
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate quality changes of apple slab after pretreating with supercritical $CO_2$. L, a, b and color difference values were little changed at increasing temperature and pressure. Polyphenol oxidase was inhibited according to increment of supercritical $CO_2$ temperature and pressure. Springiness and hardness were increased at increasing pressure and temperature condition of pretreatment but hardness showed lower value than untreatment. The texture like sponge of dried apple slab was probably due to channels which were made during penetration and release of carbon dioxide.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 1985

일반적으로 과수라 하면 사과, 배, 포도, 감, 밤 등 많은 종류가 포함되며 그들을 함께 묶어 해충관리에 대한 얘기를 하기는 어려움으로 여기서는 주로 사과, 배, 복숭아를 중심으로 많이 발생되는 주요 해충들에 대해서만 언급하기로 한다. 과수의 전 생육기간을 통하여 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 과실 등을 가해하는 해충들을 대별하여 보면 나방류 해충으로 잎을 말고 가해하는 심식충류, 잎의 조직속으로 굴을 파고 들어가는 굴나방류, 성숙한 과실로부터 당분을 흡즙함으로서 피해를 입히는 과실 흡아류를 비롯하여 줄기속을 가해하는 유리나방, 하늘소 등의 줄기식입해충, 진딧물을 비롯한 각종의 잎 가해해충 그리고 곤충은 아니지만 일반적으로 편의상 곤충에 포함되어 취급되고 있는 응애류 등 각양각색이다. 우리나라에서는 이들 과수해충들에 대한 조사연구가 극히 미비한 상태로 주로 일본의 연구결과를 토대로 모든 방제대책을 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 이들 과수해충들에 대해 연구하는 전문가가 국내에는 몇사람 되지않는 것이 심히 유감스러운 일이다. 본호에서는 이들 해충들중 여름철에 문제되는 종류들을 중심으로 그들의 개략적인 생태와 방제요령을 알아본다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.999-1005
• /
• 2014

This study was performed in order to compare the changes in Korean apples' qualities and antioxidant activity when stored at room temperature, $20^{\circ}C$, for fifteen days. The results showed that the weight, moisture content, soluble solid content, acidity, and hardness levels decreased as the storage period increased. However, pH and color value L increased as the storage period increased. Total phenol contents, total flavonoids contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and vit. C contents of apples significantly decreased with increased storage period. Sensory parameters, such as appearance, sweetness, sourness, crunchiness, and overall acceptability of apples, also decreased as the storage period increased. Based on these results, if, the apple are being stored around $20^{\circ}C$, then, to have the highest quality, the apples should be sold within three days, We also suggested that it is desirable not to store the apples fore more than eight days.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 1993

Addition of the treated dietary fiber sources to wheat flour were generally decreased at Amylograph viscosity as the mixing ratio increased. Addition of the treated dietary fiber sources on the preparation of noodles increased weight and volume of cooked noodles but decreased extention force as the mixing ratio increased. The sensory test of the dietary fiber sources mixed noodles supplemented by treated soymilk residue 5% was excellent sensual properties. The properties of the dietary fiber sources mixed noodles supplemented by treated soymilk residue 10% and treated apple pomace 5% were nearly the same in the texture organoleptic properties compared with those of wheat flour noodle.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.572-578
• /
• 2006

The accumulation of phenol in apples was measured by exposing them to phenol vapor at $25^{\circ}C$. The effective diffusivities of phenol in the rind and flesh of apples were estimated by comparing the experimentally determined fractional uptake curve with the simulated ones based on a consecutive diffusion model in the rind and flesh. Phenol was detected in the flesh of apples after 5 day exposure due to its slow diffusion in the rind. The consecutive diffusion model of phenol in apples simulated well the measured fractional uptake curve when the effective diffusivities of phenol in the rind and flesh were assumed to be $5.0{\times}10^{-13}m^2/s$ and $1.5{\times}10^{-10}m^2/s$, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.233-235
• /
• 1998

Energized-functional water (EFW) and powder (EFP) were manufactured by Kyungwon Institute of Life Science, Seoul, through a series of processes; tap water ultra-purification energy imprinting with catalysts in platinum columns mixing energy-imprinted water + activated zeolites + photosynthetic bacteria fermenting at $25^{\circ}C$ filtering EFW and/or EFP. A single application of EFP to soil under tree canopy before bud burst, combined with three EFW applications to soil during growth of 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) resulted in a higher Ca concentrations in fruit skins and flesh, and lower Ca and N concentrations in leaves and shoot-bark tissues. EFW also stimulated the net photosynthesis of leaves and root activity. Soluble solid concentrations (SSC) and anthocyanin levels of fruits were also significantly increased at harvest, producing greater firmness and less core browning during storage at $0^{\circ}C$. However, there was no significant difference in titratable acidity of fruit juice between the EFW treatment and the controls.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.373-377
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to verify the effect of fruit thinning on fruit development, and the results were as follows. The number of cells between fruit epidermis and periphery vascular bundle during 35 to 184 days after full bloom (DAFB) were constant with 14~17 cells, regardless of thinning at pink bud stage, fruitlet stage or non-thinning. However, the distance between epidermis and vascular bundle was longest in the fruit thinned at pink stage followed by fruits thinned at fruitlet stage and control. Therefore, it was seemed that the fruit size increment during 35 to 184 DAFB was due to the increment of cell size. Thinning time affected fruit size and the earlier the thinning times were the bigger the fruits were. However, there were no direct relationships between thinning time and the starch or tannin particle development in the cells of the fruit.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.125-128
• /
• 1997

The most effective cytokinin source for adventitious shoot regeneration of in vitro grown leaves from 'Gala' apple was BA with the concentration of 4.0 mg/L, while auxin source was IAA, IBA and NAA with the concentration of 0.1 mg/L, respectively. As the result of combinational treatment of BA and NAA, 6.0 or 8.0 mg/L BA with 0.5 mg/L NAA was effective for adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf tissues of 'Gala', 0.1 mg/L NAA + 8.0 mg/L BA and 1.0mg/L NAA + 8.0 mg/L BA for internode, and 0.1 mg/L NAA + 4.0 mg/L BA for petiole.