• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.653-663
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• 2014

To cope with an increasing amount of data traffic, research efforts are being made to maximize the data rate by reducing the interference between the transmission nodes. This paper also focuses on interference control schemes utilizing antenna sub-array beam-forming. The first scheme relies on horizontal beam rotation which utilizes three types of narrow beam patterns. Different beam patterns are applied to transmit signals in rotating fashion to control the interference. The second scheme is based on user-specific sub-array beamforming, which uses the precoding matrix based on users' location and controls the amount of interference in the multi-user environment. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated using the computer simulation to demonstrate the performance enhancement.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.52-60
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• 2007

스마트 안테나 어플리케이션 프로그래밍 인터페이스(SAAPI)는 Software Defined Radio (SDR) 네크워크에서 동작하는 스마트 안테나 시스템의 개방성, 유연성, 상호 운영성 및 호환성을 위해 제안된 표준 어플리케이션 프로그래밍 인터페이스이다. 스마트 안테나 API는 스마트 안테나 시스템의 제어를 담당하는 SAControl 컴포넌트, 빔포밍(beamforming), 도달각(Direction of Arrival: DOA) 추정, 시공간 부호화(Space Time Coding: STC) 등의 다양한 알고리즘의 수행을 담당하는 SAAlgorithm 컴포넌트, 채널 추정과 다중 안테나 경로 보정(Calibration) 등을 담당하는 SASynchronization 컴포넌트 등의 세가지 컴포넌트로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 안테나 API를 소개하고, 이를 이용하여 차세대 통신 시스템의 필수 요소로 자리잡고 있는 스마트 안테나 시스템의 표준 모델을 제시한다. 또한, 본 논문에서 제안하는 스마트 안테나 API는 SDR 관련 국제 기구인 SDR 포럼을 통해 Object Management Group(OMG)의 표준으로 상정할 것을 목표로 하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 안테나 당 전력제한 조건 하의 다중 입출력 빔포밍 시스템을 위한 위상 추적 코드북을 제안한다. 위상 추적 빔포밍 방식은 인접한 프레임 정보의 차이만을 활용한다는 점에서 기존의 위상 조정 방식과 차별화 되며, 궤환 정보량의 감소 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 이러한 위상 추적 코드북 구성을 위하여 위상 조정 코드북의 목적함수를 새롭게 변형하여 Lloyd-Max 알고리듬에 적용한다. 성능평가를 위하여 위상 조정 코드북과의 신호 대 잡음비의 비교 수행하며, 이를 이용하여 제안하는 코드북의 효율성을 입증한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.451-456
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• 2016

Because GPS signals are weak, system jamming is a real and present danger. This can happen when the receiver is subjected to intentional or unintentional interference by a transmitter. If the jamming signal is strong enough, the receiver can be operated to take corrective action automatically. Current methods to protect GPS receiver from jamming condition are based on spatial filtering. In this paper, the beamforming as referred to in signal processing technique used in arrays for directional signal reception was suggested and analyzed for anti-jamming. In order to change the directionality of the array when receiving a jamming signal, a beamformer can control the signal at each sensor. Therefore, cutoff angle ${\theta}$ was measured in the opposite direction of the jammer. GPS signals are only processed when the antenna element is within inside the cutoff angle. As a result, GPS positioning can be used in condition under cutoff angle $30^{\circ}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.8A
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• pp.768-776
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• 2010

In this paper, we consider a linear precoding for the effective spectrum sharing in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio system where a secondary user coexists with primary users. The secondary user employs the orthogonal space time block coding (OSTBC) at the transmitter. Assuming a flat fading channel and a maximum-likelihood receiver, the optimum precoder forces transmission referred to as eigen-beamforming. In this paper, to eliminate the interference, ZF criterion based eigen-beamforming is not only used but also the precoding weight is chosen to cancel the remaining interference. This weight is computed by vector's likelihood. Simulation results show stronger interference suppression capability, better SER performance, and higher capacity than the algorithm in [4].

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.10-15
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• 2017

Feedback burden of a full-digital energy beamforming, which is known as the optimal precoding scheme for radio frequency (RF) energy transfer, is huge because it uses a vector quantization for a channel feedback. To reduce the feedback burden, we consider a beam steering based wireless energy transfer, which uses a scalar quantization. Researches related to the beam steering based wireless energy transfer have been studied in special channel model with an assumption of full channel state information at the transmitter. In this paper, we analyze the beam steering scheme compared with the full-digital energy beamforming for practical channel models with channel estimation errors. According to characteristics of the millimeter wave channel, the number of antennas of the base station and the user, the distance between them, and channel estimation errors, we simulate the performance of the beam steering scheme and analyze reasons why.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3137-3143
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• 2009

In this paper, a single arm spiral antenna has been investigated about the characteristics of polarization and tilt beam. If a circumference length of spiral is bigger than a wavelength, it have a characteristic of varying maximum radiation beam direction. In addition, circular polarizations (RHCP, LHCP) can be variable by the feeding points (inner, outer). Also maximum beam directions tilt in different direction according to the circular polarizations, LHCP and RHCP. These characteristics of single arm spiral antenna are able to apply in the beam forming, diversity, MIMO application which has dual polarization using an antenna element.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.821-823
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• 2015

In this paper, we investigate the SPA(Switched Parasitic Antenna), which is novel method of electronic beam steering. We analyzed the performance of the monopole SPA with one central active element surrounded by 4 parasitic elements. And we evaluate the performance of a wireless LAN using SPA antenna beamforming.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

IEEE 802.11ay Wi-Fi is the next generation wireless technology and operates in mmWave band. It supports the MU-MIMO (Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission in which an AP (Access Point) can transmit multiple data streams simultaneously to multiple STAs (Stations). To this end, the AP should perform MU-MIMO beamforming training with the STAs. For efficient MU-MIMO beamforming training, it is important for the AP to estimate signal strength measured at each STA at which multiple beams are used simultaneously. Therefore, in the paper, we propose a deep learning-based link quality estimation scheme. Our proposed scheme estimates the signal strength with high accuracy by utilizing a deep learning model pre-trained for a certain indoor or outdoor propagation scenario. Specifically, to estimate the signal strength of the multiple concurrent beams, our scheme uses the signal strengths of the respective single beams, which can be obtained without additional signaling overhead, as the input of the deep learning model. For performance evaluation, we utilized a Q-D (Quasi-Deterministic) Channel Realization open source software and extensive channel measurement campaigns were conducted with NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) to implement the millimeter wave (mmWave) channel. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms comparison schemes in terms of the accuracy of the signal strength estimation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.7A
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• pp.562-567
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• 2009

In this paper, two-hop beamforming relay system, with source, relay, and destination nodes, is considered and the transmit- and receive-beamforming vectors and the relay processing matrix are designed for minimizing a mean square error (MMSE) between the transmit and receive signals. Here, to reduce the transmit power of the source or the relay, two local inequality constraints are involved with MMSE problem. By adopting the Lagrange method, closed formed Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions (equalities) are derived and an iterative algorithm is developed to solve the entangled KKT equalities. Due to the inequality power constraints, the source or the relay can reduce its transmit power when the received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the first- and the second-hop are different. Meanwhile, the destination can achieve almost identical bit-error-rate performance compared to an optimal beamforming system maximizing the received SNR. This claim is supported by a computer simulation.