• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1559-1575
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• 2009

As the basic old-age pension system was enforced in 2008, the base for old-age income security was founded. However, due to the basic old-age pension played a minor role as assistant allowance, it did not reach to sufficient level to cover full income security system. It is estimated that the dependency on private transfer income among the elderly who are difficult to be economically independent is still high. Therefore the poverty rate of the elderly households, who are not economically active or who are not protected by old-age income security system, is more likely to be higher than that of non-elderly households. Based on the assumption that public transfer income system should become a central means of old-age life guarantee, this study examined the poverty mitigation effects among the elderly households by comparing the private transfer income and the public transfer income. For this purpose, we selected single-elderly-households who have been considered the most vulnerable to poverty. We used 2006- 2008 Household Income and Expenditure Survey dataset that contained single-elderly who were older than 65 years old. To understand the conditions of poverty among single-elderly-households and the degree of poverty-reducing effect originated from income transfer system, we compared the poverty rates of total households and the whole elderly households. Next, we analysed the poverty of the single-elderly-households by social demographic factors such as gender, age, and economic activity. Our major findings are as follows: First, the poverty rate of the whole elderly households were not reduced, even though the basic old-age pension and long-term care management system were enforced in 2008. Second, half of the elderly households including single-elderly-households belonged to the absolute poverty line. Relatively higher level of poverty among the single-elderly-households was found especially those who were female, unemployed, low-educated, older, and rural single-elderly-households. Third, the effect of the public transfer income on mitigating the single-elderly-households poverty showed a little progress. However, even greater poverty reducing effect was found by the private transfer income system. Fourth, in a group of the public transfer systems, the public assistance such as supporting living costs contributed more to reduce poverty of the elderly population than the public pension system did.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.301-321
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether any combination of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the public pension system is a causal factor for the elderly poverty reduction rate. For this, fuzzy-set qualitative comparison analysis was conducted with the poverty reduction rate as the outcome condition variable, the public pension expenditure ratio, the redistributive index, the first floor public pension weight, the second floor public pension weight and the second floor forced private pension weight did. As a result of the analysis, the combination of high public pension expenditure ratio, low two - tier public pension share and high two - tier compulsory private pension share has become a cause of high poverty reduction rate of the elderly. And more various forms of association were found as the cause of low poverty reduction rate of the elderly. This paper suggests policy proposals based on the above findings.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

The main object of the study is to investigate the relationship between depressive symptom and poverty and to analyze the interaction effect between poverty and informal social relationship on depressive symptom. The data for the study is survey data on Life of elderly in Chuncheon Area in 2014. The sample size of the survey is 2,023 and because of missing data, the analysis contains data for 1,934 persons. The survey is conducted by the face to face interview with the questionnaire. Results of the analysis are as follows. First, the poverty shows positive relationship with depressive symptom. Second, the level of contact with children and support exchange with friends show negative relationship with depressive symptom. Third, There is interaction effect between poverty and level of contact with children on depressive symptom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.32
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• pp.99-127
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• 2010

This study is aimed to test the moderating effects of social support networks of parents and children on the relationships between poverty, marital discord, and child abuse. This study utilized the first wave of the Korea Welfare Panel Study, conducted in 2006. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of poverty, marital discord, and social support networks of parents and children on child abuse. The results show that poverty and marital discord have positive(+) effects on child abuse and that social support networks of parents and children have negative (-) effects on child abuse. This study also tested the moderating effects of social support networks of parents and children on the relationships between poverty, marital discord, and child abuse. The results confirm that social support networks of both parents and children can moderate the effects of poverty and marital discord on child abuse. That is, when the level of social support networks of parents and children are high, the influences of poverty and marital discord on child abuse becomes smaller or insignificant. Implications of study findings, which includes child protection strategies through improvements in supports for parents and their children are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.39-69
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• 2018

Women with children suffer from double burden of childcare and household labor. Based on the framework of social determinants of mental health, this study investigated the moderated mediation effect of income in the relationship between time poverty and mental health among women with children. The study sample included 1,505 women from the $6^{th}$ wave of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF). Results showed that the lower level of time poverty was associated with decreased stress and depression, and stress mediated the relationship between time poverty and depression. Income had a moderated mediation effect in the relationship between time poverty, stress, and depression. Time poor women were more vulnerable to poor mental health, and income buffered the effect of time poverty on women's mental health. This implies that women in the lower end of socioeconomic ladder are more prone to the effect of time poverty. The study speaks to the importance of social factors on mental health which has usually been considered an individual problem. Policies and services need to address women's working conditions and income security in order to increase their mental health.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.175-202
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• 2008

This paper analyzes the relationship between social assistance and poverty in Korea. Social assistance in Korea which had a Poor Law tradition for about forty years, was finally reformed and a new general assistance scheme designed to protect fundamental human rights, was established in 1999. Are the means-tested social assistance benefits effective in protecting the poor from hardship? How effectively do the means-tested benefits reduce poverty? To assess the effects of the means-tested social assistance benefits in Korea on poverty reduction, the study uses household data from the National Basic Livelihood Security Programme Review Board (NRB). Moreover, to obtain a comparative perspective, a British dataset the Family Resources Survey (FRS) is assessed. The incidence and the intensity of poverty for a range of household types are analyzed before and after social assistance benefits for both countries. The results of the analysis show the Korean social assistance benefits do not radically alleviate poverty, although recipients' income positions are improved after social assistance transfers. Compared to Korea, Britain achieved marked success of means-tested social assistance benefits with a high degree of effectiveness, especially among the extreme and the severe poverty brackets, while there are variations between different household types regarding the incidence and the intensity of poverty before and after transfer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2020

This study aimed to address the effect of poverty on depression and self-rated health in older adults living alone in Korea. In addition, this study identified the mediating effect of social participation on the poverty-depression and poverty-self-rated health relationships. The researcher conducted a secondary data analysis using the 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging. The final sample was 1,093 older adults living alone. Using structural equation modeling, standardized coefficients of each path were analyzed. Then, the statistical significance of the mediating effect of social participation was addressed via analyzing direct, indirect, and total effects. Results show that older adults under poverty were more depressed and had a lower level of self-rated health than their counterparts. Moreover, frequent participation in religious gatherings, social gatherings, and leisure activities decreased depression in older adults living alone. Moreover, religious gatherings, social gatherings, and alumni meetings were positively related to self-rated health om older adults living alone. Significant mediating effects appeared in poverty-social gathering-depression, poverty-social gathering-self-rated health, and poverty-alumni meeting-self-rated health relationships. Based on the results, the researcher also discussed implications for social work practice.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.333-354
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• 2009

This study decomposes the gender differences on poverty to explain the causes of the poverty gap between male- and female-headed households. In order to do this, we start from examining the extent of the poverty gap between maleand female-headed families and then conduct decomposition of poverty differences by gender using the Oaxaca method. This paper uses the (Urban) Family Budget Survey data from 1982 to 2008 and measures poverty using 50% of the median income poverty line. Major findings of this study are as follows: First, in 2008, the coefficient effect explains 70% or more of the total gender-poverty gap. Second, the trend of gender-poverty gap in the period of 1982~2008 shows that the poverty gap by gender increased in the 1980s', decreased in the 1990s', and a re-increased in 2000s'. Third, comparing the decomposition results in 1982, 1989, 1999, 2008, we found that the share of characteristic effect of the total gender poverty gap has been increased gradually over time. It means the characteristics of the female-headed households have become worse than those of the male-headed households in urban working families. At the same time, the still large coefficient effect suggests that the problems such as the discrimination against matriarchs or the lack of social support for them still play important roles among urban working families in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.741-762
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• 2015

This study examines the long-term prospects for a minimum living guarantee by public pensions for the elderly using a dynamic micro-simulation model. "Elderly poverty" here is an estimate calculated by considering only the public pension income and it means how public pension affects the minimum living guarantee for the elderly. The main results are: First the impact of the public pension system on elderly poverty can be decomposed into economic growth and institutional effect. When considering both effects, the absolute poverty rate of the elderly will be reduced to 20% by the year 2040. But when considering the institutional effect(except economic growth effect), that rate is expected to be a long-term level of around 90%. Second, even if the Basic Pension is indexed to 10% of A-value, the elderly poverty rate is only about 10%p to be reduced further, compared to the current CPI-indexed system. Third, current benefit formula for National Pension does not consider the actual correlation of income level and insured period; consequently, the reversal possibility of the replacement rate appears likely. Fourth, the reform of 2007 improves the sustainability of the National Pension; however, it deteriorates the adequacy of the pension policy, i.e., the past system would be better than the current system in regards to a reduction in elderly poverty. Further discussion is needed on aspects of correct pension reform assessments which is difficult to achieve without understanding the comprehensive benefits and costs to society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.111-136
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• 2007

The National Basic Livelihood Security(NBLS) System implemented from October 2000 has expanded cash assistance to cover the poor who are able to work in our country. Although the cash assistance for them has positive aspects of providing basic livelihood security for all people, but many scholars have also pointed out its negative aspects such as a decrease in labor supply among the poor. In order to provide policy implications for the cash assistance program of our country as well as the US, this paper examines the impact of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families(TANF) on poverty among single mothers and their families using data from March Current Population Survey of $1991{\sim}2002$. TANF imposes strong work requirements and time limits to recipients as conditions for cash assistance, which are major sub-components of TANF. Therefore, this paper analyzes TANF by looking at work requirements and time limits separately, not by looking at TANF as a single policy. The research findings show that work requirements significantly decreased income and increased poverty among single mothers. Although time limits show income increasing effects and poverty decreasing effects, it seems further studies on time limits are needed at this point. The research findings of this paper provide important lessons for welfare to work cash assistance of our country as well as the US.