• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.51
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• pp.257-286
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• 2002

This study intends to develope the resident leadership training in order to activate community organizations. Recently, it has been largely stressed the importance of "community" approach in social welfare practice. Traditionally, the community organization approach was emphasized in the community work methods. But many social workers express their difficulty of doing community organizations when they confront with the practice. Although there were a few cases, it was pointed out that the subgroups of long-lease housing project were not democratic, accountable, or open. This study shows the way to overcome these problems and suggests the programs that can reinforce the resident leadership development. To accomplish these tasks, I have planned programs, implemented, and then analyzed their process by qualitative evaluation methods. I have divided "the general community organization" and "the welfare community organization" to operate the leadership program and took the education and training methods using small groups. This study is significant to suggest the specific program of program planning, the activity methods of step by step community organization practice, and the formation of self- help groups.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.100
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• pp.50-80
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• 2021

This paper critically examines the history of the theories connected to the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda that have developed over the last 100 years focusing on the original number of stories the pagoda would have reached. Part II of this paper retraces the dynamic process of the rediscovery of the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda by Westerners who traveled to Korea during the port-opening period. Koreans at the time viewed the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda as an object of no particular appeal or even as an eyesore. However, Westerners appreciated it as a wonder or magnificent sight. Since these Westerners had almost no prior knowledge of Buddhist pagodas, they were able to write objective travelogues. At the time, these visitors generally accepted the theory common among Joseon intellectuals that Wongaksa Temple Pagoda once had thirteen stories. Part III focuses on Japanese government-affiliated scholars' academic research on the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda after the proclamation of the Korean Empire and the Japanese Government-General of Korea's subsequent management of the pagoda as a cultural property during the colonial era. It also discusses issues with Japanese academic research and management. In particular, this portion sheds light on the shift in theories about the original number of stories of the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda from the ten-story theory supported by Sekino Tadashi (關野 貞), whose ideas have held a great influence on this issue over the last 100 years, to the thirteen-story theory and then to the idea that it had more than thirteen. Finally, Part IV addresses the change from the multi-story theory to the ten-story theory in the years after Korea's liberation from Japan until 1962. Moreover, it highlights how Korean intellectuals of the Japanese colonial era predominantly accepted the thirteen-story theory. Since 1962, a considerable quantity of significant research on the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda has been published. However, since most of these studies have applied the ten-story theory suggested in 1962, they are not individually discussed in this paper. This retracing of the history of theories about the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda has verified that although there are reasonable grounds for supporting the thirteen-story theory, it has not been proved in the last 100 years. Moreover, the number of pagoda stories has not been fully discussed in academia. The common theory that both Wongaksa Temple Pagoda and Gyeongcheonsa Temple Pagoda were ten-story pagodas was first formulated by Sekino Tadashi 100 years ago. Since the abrasion of the Wongaksa Temple Stele was so severe the inscriptions on the stele were almost illegible, Sekino argued that the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda was a ten-story pagoda based on an architectural analysis of the then-current condition of the pagoda. Immediately after Sekino presented his argument, a woodblock-printed version of the inscriptions on the Wongaksa Temple Stele was found. This version included a phrase that a thirteen-story pagoda had been erected. In a similar vein, the Dongguk yeoji seungnam (Geographic Encyclopedia of Korea) published by the orders of King Seongjong in the late fifteenth century documented that Gyeongcheonsa Temple Pagoda, the model for the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda, was also a thirteen-story pagoda. The Wongaksa Temple Stele erected on the orders of King Sejo after the establishment of the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda evidently shows that Sekino's ten-story premise is flawed. Sekino himself wrote that "as [the pagoda] consists of a three-story stereobate and a ten-story body, people call it a thirteen-story pagoda," although he viewed the number of stories of the pagoda body as that of the entire pagoda. The inscriptions on the Wongaksa Temple Stele also clearly indicate that the king ordered the construction of the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda as a thirteen-story pagoda. Although unprecedented, this thirteen-story pagoda comprised a ten-story pagoda body over a three-story stereobate. Why would King Sejo have built a thirteen-story pagoda in an unusual form consisting of a ten-story body on top of a three-story stereobate? In order to fully understand King Sejo's intention in building a thirteen-story pagoda, analyzing the Wongaksa Temple Pagoda is necessary. This begins with the restoration of its original name. I disprove Sekino's ten-story theory built upon flawed premises and an eclectic over-thirteen-story theory and urge applying the thirteen-story theory, as the inscriptions on the Wongaksa Temple Stele stated that the pagoda was originally built as a thirteen-story pagoda.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1221-1227
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• 2015

Diffusion bonding is the key manufacturing process for the micro-channel type heat exchangers. In this study, austenitic alloys such as Alloy 800HT, Alloy 690, and Alloy 600, were diffusion bonded at various temperatures and the tensile properties were measured up to $650^{\circ}C$. Tensile ductility of diffusion bonded Alloy 800HT was significantly lower than that of base metal at all test temperatures. While, for Alloy 690 and Alloy 600, tensile ductility of diffusion bonded specimens was comparable to that of base metals up to $500^{\circ}C$, above which the ductility became lower. The poor ductility of diffusion bonded specimen could have caused by the incomplete grain boundary migration and precipitates along the bond-line. Application of post-bond heat treatment (PBHT) improved the ductility close to that of base metals up to $550^{\circ}C$. Changes in tensile properties were discussed in view of the microstructure in the diffusion-bonded area.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.81-107
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of error management culture and psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational commitment from social workers. This study was focused on the relationship between error management culture, psychological capital and job satisfaction and organizational commitment, controlled organizational fairness. The data was collected from social workers in Seoul, Kyunggi areas using stratified sampling method. A total of 564 social workers and 89 human service organizations were finally used for multilevel analysis. The survey had conducted for 18 days, from October 27 to November 13 in 2009 by mail. The major finding of this study are as follows. First, interaction effect between error management culture and psychological capital was significant job satisfaction and organizational commitment in positive direction. Second, main effect of error management culture in human service organizations was positively significant job satisfaction and organizational commitment on social workers. So it was important to enhance the level of error management culture in order to increase the job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Third, main effect of psychological capital on social workers was positively significant job satisfaction and organizational commitment. According to the results of this study, it was suggested the theoretical and practical implications for increasing and strengthen the error management culture and psychological capital.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.307-332
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• 2009

This study is about the development and effectiveness of the 'Empowerment Program' for the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents. The program was developed on the basis of the analysis of focus group interviews for the rehabilitation counselors who work with the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents. Also, it was based on Miley et al's empowerment model and the group social work practice. The goal of the program was to strengthen the level of empowerment and decrease emotional frustration for the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents. The program consisted of two different types: one for the hospitalized person and the other for the discharged person. The program practiced once a week for 6 weeks and 8 weeks by the choice of the rehabilitation counselors. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, the participants included 11 persons for the experimental group and 10 persons for the control group. The empowerment scores of the two groups were estimated at the point of pre-test and post-test and were analysed through the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. As the results of the analyses showed, there were significant differences in the increases in the areas of total empowerment and self-image as a sub-scale between the two groups. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the program was confirmed. Also, it has been verified that the program can be an important social work practice tool for strengthening the empowerment level of the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.747-753
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for the development of radioprotective agent in extracts manufactured by mixing Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Moringa oleifera Lam known as antioxidant food with the appropriate ratio. Their whole body were irradiated 7Gy radiation after oral administration of a mixed extract of Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Moringa oleifera Lam to SD Rat for two weeks. And 1 day, 7days, 21days later, changes in blood cell components, SOD activations and tissue changes in the uterus were observed.It was confirmed that the AM + IR group had a higher tendency to recover leukocyte (p<0.05) and platelet (p<0.05) levels than the IR group. It was also confirmed that SOD activity was increased and cell death was decreased in uterine tissue.Based on these results, the mixed extract of A and B is expected to be useful as a radiation protection agent capable of reducing blood cell and uterine damage caused by radiation exposure.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.143-169
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• 1999

The problems of unemployment have been recognized as male problems even though the female unemployment problems are as significant as those of men since IMF. The women who have experienced insecure employment and lower wage than men in the labor market are having more serious economic difficulties after being unemployed. Especially economic problems of the unemployed female headed families are anticipated to be tremendous because the female heads do not have spouses who can act as a buffer seeking or beginning to work to reduce economic hardship. The purpose of this paper is to compare living conditions and utilization of the unemployment programs between male and female heads of the family who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It will examine the functionalism, human capital theory, and feminist perspectives on the cause of female unemployment in order to help understanding of their living situations after being unemployed. Then, it will compare the socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities before being unemployed, their living conditions and changes in family life after being unemployed, their efforts to overcome unemployment and utilization of various government unemployment programs. It used the national data of National Unemployment Survey of Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs conducted in 1998 and analyzed 283 female and 1,528 male family heads who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It reveals that the female family heads experienced lower economic status in the labor market before being unemployed, are having more serious economic hardship because of it, utilize more of the government programs such as public work and public assistance than the male family heads but less of the public loans for the unemployed. It recommends expansion of public work and public assistance, more vigorous advertisement of various unemployment programs, and active training of job creation technique for female family heads.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.389-413
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• 2005

The OCB(organizational citizenship behavior), spontaneous extra-role behavior of social workers, plays very important role in the provision of qualitative service for the clients and the organizational performance of social welfare agencies. Starting from the importance of OCB for the effective organizational management, this study focuses on the effects of antecedents such as organizational justice(procedural and distributional) and trust in supervisor on the OCB. This study collected data from 360 social workers and 59 their supervisors working in the community welfare centers, paired the self-reported data and the supervisor-rated data, and analyzed the data through the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method. The findings of the study show that organizational justice(procedural and distributional) has no direct effect on the OCB, but indirect effect on the OCB through the mediator of trust in supervisor, and that procedural justice has more effect than distributional justice. This study suggests that the management of spontaneous behavior of social workers is not a separated fragmentary phenomenon but should be understood and managed comprehensively in the continuation of the perception of organizational members for the organizational management, the resulting affectivity toward their supervisor, and their behavior in the organizational life.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

Anchorage control is important in orthodontic treatment. Recently miniscrew is widly used as maximum anchorage in orthodontic treatment, and then it is important to install miniscrew safely without damaging adjacent anatomic structure. In a view of Miniscrew's stability, maxilla is unfavorable than mandible, and moreover maxillary soft buccal bone has disadvantage on stability. so palatal area comes into notice for installation area. We measured distance between palatal roots and bone thickness at midpalatal area using 3D computed tomography, and have found following results. 1. On the comparison of distance between palatal roots, the distance between 2nd premolar and 1st molar was significantly longest and the distance between premolars was significantly shortest. 2. Going toward lateral area from midpalatal suture and posterior area from zero point, bone thickness significantly became shorter and shorter. And 5.0mm palatal sagittal plane has more significance decrease of bone thickness than 2.5mm palatal sagittal plane. According to these results, we can conclude that the palatal installation of miniscrew between 2nd premolar and 1st molar is safest. And it is more safe that comes closer to midpalatal suture and to anterior area in regard to incisive canal.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

Fish community and its temporal-spacial variation in the Lagoon Hwajinpo, Korea were seasonally investigated with different types of fishing gears from November, 2005 to August, 2006. Total 35.812 fishes caught during the period were belonged to 24 families 37 species. Dominant species was H. nipponensis(60.8%), T, hakonensis (19.8%), and K. punctatus (5.5%) ana these species were peripheral freshwater fish. Among 37 species, primary freshwater and seawater fish were 8 species (21.6%), respectively and peripheral freshwater fish were 21 species (56.8%). Total biomass of collected fish was 279.3kg, and biomass of each species was T. hakonensis 152.9 kg, H. nipponensis 40.0 kg, K. punctatus 31.4 kg and C. haematochelius 25.3 kg, respectively. Hence, productivity of the Lagoon Hwajinpo was much higher than those of inland reservoirs. The aspect of community classified by surveyed period was changed according to the 'Breaking-sandbar', but some of peripheral freshwater fish populations made stable community in their life cycle in the lagoon. In conclusion, the Lagoon Hwajinpo seems to be maintained more natural ecosystem better than other lagoons in Korea. Therefore, the findings provide consideration of the management and restoration for this lagoon and others through the continuous observation and monitoring in future.