• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

In the present paper an attempt has been made to simulate the secondary injection-primary flow interaction in the conical rocket nozzle and to derive the performance of secondary injection thrust vector control(SITVC) system. Complex three-dimensional flowfield induced by the secondary injection is numerically analyzed by solving unsteady three-dimensional Euler equation with Beam and Warming's implicit approximate factorization method. Emphasized in the present study is the effect of secondary injection such as secondary mass flow rates and the momentum of secondary/primary nozzle flow mass rates upon the gross system performance parameters such as thrust ratio, specific impulse ratio and deflection angle. The results obtained in terms of system performance parameters show that lower secondary mass flow rate is advantageous for to reduce secondary specific impulse loss. It is further found that the nozzle with secondary jet injected downstream and interacting with fast primary flow is preferable for efficient and stable SITVC over the wide range of use with the penalty of side specific impulse loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.744-749
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• 2011

In this study, determination method of initial optimal nozzle expansion in pintle rocket was investigated. The initial optimal initial nozzle expansion was decided by maximizing the mass-averaged thrust coefficient that is calculated from thrust coefficient of minimum and maximum chamber pressure. The determination of initial optimal initial nozzle expansion was equivalent to that of the minimum propellant mass which was required for obtaining the desired mission performance. The highest pressure, thrust turndown ratio and total impulse ratio effected on the initial optimal nozzle expansion. Among them, total impulse ratio had great influence on the initial optimal nozzle expansion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2004

A performance evaluation is made in terms of thrust, impulse bit. and specific impulses for a set of mono-propellant hydrazine thrusters producing 0.95 lbf of nominal thrust at an inlet pressure of 350 psia. With a brief description on the hot-firing test configuration and procedures. a typical data obtained from steady-state firing mode is given directly showing the variational behavior of propellant supply pressure, mass flow rate, vacuum condition, and thrust. The performance features are successfully compared to the reference criteria of 1-lbf standard mono-propellant rocket engine. Additionally. a statistical inter-thruster treatment is concisely depicted for the justification of selected thrusters as a grouped member of flight model for spacecraft propulsion system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.192.2-192.2
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• 2016

전기추력기는 화학식 추력기에 비해 비추력이 높아 인공위성의 자세제어, 궤도수정, 궤도천이를 포함한 행성 탐사활동 및 우주 임무수행을 위한 우주선의 엔진 등으로 다양하게 활용된다. 홀 추력기는 전기추력기 중 하나로 고리형 방전공간을 가진 고리형 추력기와 원통형 방전영역을 가진 원통형 추력기가 있으며, 원통형 추력기는 고리형에 비하여 넓은 방전공간으로 저전력 방전에 적합한 추력기이다. 또한, 저전력 추력기는 큐브셋(cubesat) 및 마이크로 위성(microsatellite)의 증가하는 수요에 따라 필요성이 증가하고 있으며, 활용도가 높아 다양하게 연구 및 개발되고 있다. 홀 추력기는 자기장과 전기장을 서로 수직되게 인가하여, 자화된 전자는 플라즈마 방전을 유지시키고 자화되지 않은 이온은 전기장 방향으로 가속되어 이온빔을 발생시킨다. 하지만, 저전력 소형 추력기는 작은 소모전력과 방전채널로 인한 성능 저하 및 자기장 구조 설계 등 많은 어려움들을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 약 50 W급의 소모전력을 바탕으로 영구자석을 이용한 저전력 플라즈마 추력기를 개발하였다. 방전 채널은 지름 15 mm, 길이 16 mm, 무게는 약 0.6 kg으로 원통형 구조의 채널로 제작되었으며, 약 1500-2000 G의 자기장 세기를 갖도록 설계하였다. 방전 기체는 제논을 사용하여 1-5 sccm영역에서 방전 특성을 살펴보았으며, 방전 전류는 0.02-0.4 A로 나타났다. 100-550 V영역에서 방전을 시도하였고, 채널길이를 16-24 mm 에서 약 1mN 급의 추력특성을 보였다. 본 발표에서, 홀 추력기의 제작 특성과 성능 및 플라즈마 특성에 대한 더 자세한 연구결과가 발표될 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2014

Performance evaluation was carried out for the 70 N-class hydrazine thruster whose design performance had been already verified. The pulse-mode firing test was conducted for the development model thrusters with various thrust chamber diameters. Evaluation was made by the performance parameters such as specific impulse, impulse bit, and characteristic velocity, etc: specific impulse and characteristic velocity were deteriorated as the thrust chamber diameter deviates from a standard model. Consequently, it is revealed that the performance characteristics of standard model is most superior among the test models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.399-404
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• 2010

Test results including the variation of propellant-inlet pressure, pulsed thrust, and environment vacuum with the accompanying thermal responses are presented for the pulse-mode operation of a set of monopropellant hydrazine thrusters producing $0.95lb_f$ of nominal steady-state thrust at an inlet pressure of 350 psia. The test data are reduced into the impulse bit, specific impulse, and force centroid that are the factors typically characterizing pulse-mode performance of small rocket engines. With a scrutiny to the performance parameters, their comparison to the reference criteria of 1 lbf standard monopropellant rocket engine are successfully made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.298-302
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• 2009

Low power Hall thruster is under development as one of the core technologies for STSAT-3. The Hall thruster has several advantages such as its simple structure, high thrust density and specific impulse etc. Development target values deduced by analyzing requirements are consumed electrical power, thrust, thrust efficiency, and specific impulse of < 300 W, > 10 mN, ~ 35%, and > 1000 s, respectively. In order to achieve the target specifications, two prototype Hall thrusters were developed and compared. To date, thrust and efficiency are 11 mN and 37% under the total power of 290 W with 0.97 mg/s Xe propellent supply.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

An analysis has been conducted of the optimal condition to maximize the specific impulse for a liquid rocket engine with film cooling. The present engine performance has been compared with the published conceptual design to be verified satisfactorily accurate. The optimal combination of film coolant flow rate and the regenerative cooling capacity has been found for maximum specific impulse. The optimal fuel pump pressure increases and the optimal film coolant flow decreases for a larger thrust engine. Higher turbine inlet temperature increases both the fuel pump pressure and the film coolant flow rate as the optimal condition. The coking temperature has the same qualitative effect as the turbine inlet temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2022

Hall thrusters are one of the electric propulsion, where ions are accelerated to generate thrust and are widely utilized in space missions due to their high specific impulses. Recently, as the utilization of small and micro satellites with the mass of similar or less than 100 kg is highly increasing, the importance of research and development of the low-power electric propulsion is also raised. In this study, we developed two sub-200 W or less class, laboratory model Hall thrusters and measured the thrust and analyzed the discharge characteristics. Consequently, we obtained 2.5-9.0 mN of thrust, 600-1,150 s of specific impulse, and 15-28% of anode efficiency at 50-175 W of anode power.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.476-482
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• 2009

The effect of pintle shape on the thrust level of pintle-nozzle Solid Rocket Motor(PNSRM) was studied numerically using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulent model of Fluent. Mass flow rate of PNSRM was always less than theoretical value and the extent of decrease in mass flow rate grew in the large pintle because of increase in the relative boundary layer thickness between pintle body and nozzle wall. The bigger pintle size was, the more thrust of pintle tip pressure was obtained. Meanwhile the more thrust of nozzle and chamber pressure decreased. Hence, total thrust of big pintle was less than a small pintle under same throat area condition. Specific impulse was relatively flat for all pintle shape.