• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2004

ZnO-P $r_{6}$ $O_{11}$-CoO-C $r_2$ $O_3$- $Y_2$ $O_3$계 세라믹스로 구성된 ZPCCY계 바리스터의 소결시간별 DC 가속열화 스트레스에 대한 전기적 안정성을 조사하였다. 소결시간은 전기적 특성 및 안정성에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소결시간이 증가함에 따라 비직선 지수는 51.2∼23.8의 범위로 감소하였으며, 누설전류는 1.3∼5.6 $\mu$A의 범위로 증가하였다. 1시간 소결된 바리스터는 비직선성은 우수하나 밀도가 낮은 관계로 안정성이 상대적으로 낮았으며, 3시간 소결된 바리스터는 안정성은 양호하나 비직선성이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다 2시간 소결된 바리스터는 비직선 지수가 38.6, 누설전류가 3.6 $\mu$A로 양호 하고, DC스트레스_0.95 $V_{1㎃}$15$0^{\circ}C$/12h에서 바리스터 전압, 비직선 지수, 누설전류, 손실계수 변화율이 각각 -0.8%, -1.8%, +74.4%, +0.9%를 나타냄으로서 안정성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 2003

The electrical characteristics of $A{\sim}C's$ ZnO varistors fabricated according to variable sintering condition, which sintering temperature is $l130^{\circ}C$ and speeds of pusher are A: 2mm/min, B: 4mm/min, C: 6 mm/min, respectively, were investigated. The varistor voltage of $A{\sim}C's$ ZnO varistors sintered at $1130^{\circ}C$ increased in order A < B $A{\sim}C's$ ZnO varistors exhibited below 2mA at rated voltage. Lightning impulse residual voltage of A's ZnO varistor suited standard characteristics, which is 3.85kV at 2.5kA, 4.4kV at 5kA and 5.16kV at 10kA. After multi lightning impulse residual voltage test of A's ZnO varistor exhibited good discharge characteristics which ZnO varistor reveals no evidence of puncture, flashover, cracking in visual examination. After high current impulse test of A's ZnO varistor exhibited good discharge characteristics, which variation rate of residual voltage is 0.4% before and after test, and revealed no evidence.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2000

The microstructure and electrical properties of Pr$_{6}$/O sub 11/-Based ZnO varistors with Nd$_2$O$_3$ was doped in the range of 0.0 to 2.0 mol% were investigated. Most of the added Nd$_2$O$_3$were segregated at the nodal points and grain boundaries and were found to form the Nd-rich phase. In addition the bulk intergranular layer at the grain boundaries and nodal points was consisted of Nd-rich phase and Pr-rich phase. the average grain size was decreased in the range of 7.8 to 5.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with increasing Nd$_{2}$/O sub 3/ additive content. The nonlinearity of ZnO varistors sintered at 130$0^{\circ}C$ was much more excellent than that at 135$0^{\circ}C$ ZnO varistors doped with 1.0mol% Nd$_{2}$/O sub 3/ exhibited the best nonlinearity. which is 65.2 in the nonlinear exponent and 4.5$\mu$A in the leakage current. Consequently. it is estimated that Pr$_{6}$/O sub 11/ -based ZnO varistors doped with 1.0 mol% Nd$_{2}$/O sub 3/ are to be sufficiently used as basic composition to fabricate good varistors in the future.ure.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.969-974
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• 1998

The effects of $La_2O_3$on the microstructure and electrical characteristics of Pr-based ZnO varistors were investigated. The average grain size increased in the range of 21.9~56.3$\mu$ m with increasing $La_2O_3$additive content(0.0~2.0 mol%). La was, of course grain boundary, largely segregated at the nodal point. As $La_2O_3$additive content increases, threshold voltage and nonlinear coefficient decreased and leakage current increased. In particular, 2.0 mol% $La_2O_3$-added varistor exhibited low threshold voltage 17.0V/mm and nonlinear coefficient of about 6. Based on these results, this varistor can be said to be used as low-voltage varistor, if nonlinear coefficient is somewhat improved forward.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.281-285
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• 1998

The microstructure and conduction characteristics of ZnO varistor fabricated in the range of 0.0 ~ 4.0mol% $Y_20_3$ were investigated. With increasing$Y_20_3$ content, distribution of spinel phase decreased, whereas Y-rich phase segregated to the nodal point increased, as a result, the average grain size decreased in the range of $20.0 ~ 4.8{\mu}m$. $Y_20_3$ content showing relatively good conduction characteristics was l.Omol%, then nonlinear exponent and leakage current was 55.3, 0.66mA.respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.343-346
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• 1998

Degradation characteristics of the Pr-based ZnO varistor with $Y_2O_3$content (0.0-4.0 mol!%j were investigated. It was appeared that the variation of the J-E characteristics in the reverse direction before and after the applied stress with increasing $Y_2O_3$ content was larger than that of the forward direction but the variation was extrernly small. For all varistor, the leakage current with the stress time during the applied stress somewhat increased initialy but afterthat was almost constant or slightly decreased. The overall varistor voltage and nonlinear coefficient were less than 5%. Especially, in the case of Pr-based ZnO varistor containing 2.0 mol% to 4.0 mol% $Y_2O_3$, the variation of breakdown voltage and nonlinear coefficient was less than 1% and 5%. respectively. As a result, they showed good stability.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.842-848
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• 1998

The stability of paraseodymium-based zinc oxide varistor consisting of Zn-Pr-Co-Cr-Y oxide was investigated according to yttria additives under different stress conditons, such as 0.8V\ulcorner\ulcorner/373K/12h and 0.85V\ulcorner\ulcorner/393K/12h. Wholly, all varistor after the stress showed nearly symmetric and stable I-V characteristics. Particularly, in the case of 2.0mol% and 4.0mol% yttria-added varistor showing a good I-V characteristics, the varation rate of varistor voltage were less 1% and that of nonlinear coefficient were about degree of 5%, and what is remarkable, leakage current with increasing stress time during the applied stress was almost constant. It the light of these facts, it is estimated that varistor constituents having 2.0mol% and 4.0mol% yittria, respectively, will be utilized to various application fields.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.242-245
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• 2000

The electrical properties of ZPCCE (ZnO-Pr$_{6}$O$_{11}$-CoO-Cr$_2$O$_3$-Er$_2$O$_3$) based varistors were investigated with sintering temperature in range of 1335 to 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 1h. As the sintering temperature increases, the nonlinear exponent decreased, but was high beyond 40 except for 1.0 mol% Er$_2$O$_3$. Among all ZPCCE varistors, the varistor having the highest nonlinear exponent was obtained by sintering at 1335$^{\circ}C$, containing 2.0 mol% Er$_2$O$_3$ and then the nonlinear exponent was 78.05, and the varistors with 0.5 mol% Er$_2$O$_3$ exhibited the lowest leakage current of 1.92 $\mu$A.A.A.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.943-948
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• 2003

Dy$_2$ $O_3$의 첨가량이 0.0∼2.0 ㏖% 범위인 Zn-Pr-Co-Cr-Dy 산화물계 바리스터의 미세구조 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. Dy$_2$ $O_3$의 첨가량을 증가시킴에 따라 평균 결정립 크기는 18.2∼4.6 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 범위로 감소하였으며, 세라믹스 밀도는 5.49∼4.64 g/㎤ 범위로 감소하였다 Dy$_2$ $O_3$가 첨가된 바리스터는 Dy$_2$ $O_3$가 첨가되지 않은 바리스터에 비해 비직선 지수가 9배이상 증가하는 현저한 비직선성의 증가를 나타내었다. 0.5∼l.0 ㏖% 범위의 Dy$_2$ $O_3$가 첨가된 바리스터는 비직선 지수가 55 이상이고 누설전류가 1.0 $\mu\textrm{A}$ 이하의 높은 비직선성을 나타내었다. C-V특성에 있어서, 도너농도 및 계면상태밀도는 Dy$_2$ $O_3$의 첨가량 증가에 따라 각각 (4.66∼0.25)${\times}$$10^{18}$/㎤, (5.70∼1.39)${\times}$$10^{12}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 범위에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유전손실계수는 Dy$_2$ $O_3$의 첨가량 증가에 따라 0.5 ㏖% 첨가시 최소치 0.0023을 정점으로 하여 다시 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2003

Zn-Pr-Co-Cr-Dy 산화물계로 구성된 바리스터 세라믹스의 전기적 안정성을 몇 가지 DC 가속열화 스트레스 조건하에서 0.0∼2.0 mol% Dy$_2$O$_3$ 첨가량의 변화에 따라 조사하였다. 바리스터 세라믹스의 밀도는 Dy$_2$O$_3$ 첨가량이 0.5 mol%까지 증가하였으며, 보다 많이 첨가하면 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 밀도는 전도경로와 밀접한 관계로 인해서 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Dy$_2$O$_3$ 첨가는 바리스터 세라믹스의 비직선 지수를 45 이상, 누설전류를 대략 1.0 $\mu$A 이하로 비직선성을 크게 개선시켰다. DC 스트레스 조건 0.95 V$_{1mA}$/15$0^{\circ}C$/24 h에서 안정성을 조사한 결과, 0.5 mol% 첨가시 상대적으로 가장 높은 안정성을 나타내었다. 전압-전류특성에 있어서 바리스터 전압, 비직선 지수, 누설전류의 변화율은 각각 -0.9%, -14.4%, +483.3%이었으며, 유전특성에 있어서 비유전율 및 손실계수의 변화는 각각 +7.1%, +315.4%이었다. 그 외의 바리스터 세라믹스는 낮은 밀도 때문에 열폭주 현상을 나타내는 매우 불안정한 특성을 나타내었다.다.