• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.201-207
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• 1986

159 histologically proved cases of lung cancer have been reviewed at the Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical School for the past two years and six months from January, 1984 to July 1986. 1. The age distribution ranged from 27 to 87 years and 69.2% of the patient were distributed between the ages of 51 and 70. 2. The ratio of male and female was 4.6 : 1(131 males, 28 females) 3. Chief complains were in order of dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis and weight loss. 4. Localization on chest film, right was more than left(right 58.6%, left 36.2%) and the most frequent site is right upper lung field (33 case, 21.7%) 5. Histologically squamous cell type(54.7%) was most common and next was small cell type(19.5%), adenocarcinoma(9.4%) large cell(6.4%). 6. 76.8% of case was diagnosed histologically under the bronchoscopic biopsy. 7. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common associated disease on admission time. 8. The most common treatment was conservative therapy In general. However chemotherapy was most common treatment of the small cell type carcinoma.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.789-796
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• 2009

The randomness in the strength of a RC member is caused mainly by the variability of the mechanical properties of concrete and steel, the dimensions of concrete cross sections, and the placement of reinforcing bars and so on . Among those variations, the randomness and uncertainty of mechanical properties of concrete, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus give the most significant influences and show relatively large statistical variations. In Korea, there has been little effort for the construction of its own statistical models for mechanical properties of concrete and steel, thus the foreign data have been utilized till now. In this paper, variability of compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus of normal-weight structural concrete with various specified design compressive strength levels are examined based on the data obtained from a number of published and unpublished sources in this country and additional laboratory tests done by the authors. The inherent probabilistic models for compressive and tensile strength of normal-weight concrete are proposed as Gaussian distribution. Also, the relationships between compressive and splitting tensile strength and between compressive strength and elastic modulus in current KCI Code are verified and new ones are suggested based on local data.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.3 s.36
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• pp.187-196
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• 2005

MEMS devices such as a vibratory gyroscope often suffer from a lower yield rate due to fabrication errors and the external stress. In the decoupled vibratory gyroscope, the main factor that determines the yield rate is the frequency difference between the sensing and driving modes. The gyroscope, fabricated with SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) wafer and packaged using the anodic bonding, has a large wafer bowing caused by thermal expansion mismatch as well as non-uniform surfaces of the structures caused by the notching effect. These effects result in large distribution in the frequency difference, and thereby a lower yield rate. To improve the yield rate we propose a packaged SiOG (Silicon On Glass) technology. It uses a silicon wafer and two glass wafers to minimize the wafer bowing and a metallic membrane to avoid the notching. In the packaged SiOG gyroscope, the notching effect is eliminated and the warpage of the wafer is greatly reduced. Consequently the frequency difference is more uniformly distributed and its variation is greatly improved. Therefore we can achieve a more robust vibratory MEMS gyroscope with a higher yield rate.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2013

Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is one of the most important elements in meteorological and hydrological applications. In this study, we adjusted the QPE from an S-band weather radar based on co-kriging method using the geostatistical structure function of error distribution of radar rainrate. In order to estimate the accurate quantitative precipitation, the error of radar rainrate which is a primary variable of co-kriging was determined by the difference of rain rates from rain gauge and radar. Also, the gauge rainfield, a secondary variable of co-kriging is derived from the ordinary kriging based on raingauge network. The error distribution of radar rain rate was produced by co-kriging with the derived theoretical variogram determined by experimental variogram. The error of radar rain rate was then applied to the radar estimated precipitation field. Locally heavy rainfall case during 6-7 July 2009 is chosen to verify this study. Correlation between adjusted one-hour radar rainfall accumulation and rain gauge rainfall accumulation improved from 0.55 to 0.84 when compared to prior adjustment of radar error with the adjustment of root mean square error from 7.45 to 3.93 mm.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

The morphology and somatic chromosome numbers of Korean Parasenecio were investigated to estimate their taxonomic values. Some morphological characters, such as the length of whole plants, the numbers of cauline leaves, the shapes of leaf and petioles, the numbers of involucral bracts, floret numbers per head, presence of trichomes on the style, ratio between wide part and narrow part of floret and the size of achene were found to be a good characters for delimiting each taxa. Based upon these characters, six taxa, Parasenecio auriculala var. auriculata, P. auriculata var. kamtschatica, P. hastata subsp. orientalis, P. koraiensis, P. firmus, P. pseudotaimingasa, were recognized about their distribution in Korea, but 2 taxa, P. adenostyloides, P. auriculata var. matsumurana, were needed to be studied their taxonomic position and distribution in Korea. The somatic chromosome numbers of six taxa, P. adenostyloides, P. auriculata, P. auriculata var. kamtschatica, P. hastata subsp. orientalis, P. firmus, P. pseudotaimingasa were 2n=60 and those of P. firmus and P. pseudotaimingasa were reported first in this study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 1986

This study is directed to propose a probability based LRFD design code, which could possibly replace the traditional USD provisions of the current code, based on the AFOSM reliability theory. The uncertainties of resistances and load effects for each R.C. structural elements are evaluated and adopted considering our practice, and a set of rational target reliability indices are selected based on the calibration with the reliability of the current R.C. design code and by considering the desired hierarchy of safety level. Then, a set of common load factors are chosen from the results of load and resistance factors which are computed by AFOSM method using the Rackwitz-Fiessler's efficient practical algorithm which is to transform the non-normal variables into the equivalent normal variables. It may be asserted that the proposed LRFD code for the R.C. building structures may have to be incorporated into the current RC. design codes as a design provision corresponding to the USD provisions of the current R.C. design code.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.155-168
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• 2018

This study singled out 30 smart car features and surveyed 250 respondents. Assuming that the relationship between fulfillment of a feature or a customer need and the satisfaction with that feature is not necessarily linear, this study was conducted using Kano's method. Two devices, Timko Deviation(TD) and Kano Distribution Index(KDI), were devised to help evaluate resulting Kano table quantitatively. Previous research based on Kano's original framework showed the limit to the analysis of new or unfamiliar features: more than 85% of the features surveyed turned out to be either Attractive or Indifferent attributes. This study attempted a new empirical approach by applying customer experiences, price conditions, and customer self-stated importance. The results showed that customer experience of the surveyed features affected the overall satisfaction level, signifying that Kano's method should be conducted with care when analyzing emerging technologies such as smart cars. It is expected that this study would be utilized for better understanding of the perception and trends of customers regarding new technologies. This study also suggests a new approach to the analysis of customer requirements by providing price conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.4 s.94
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• pp.535-542
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• 2006

In Seoul, more than 80 percent of residential buildings are constructed with unreinforced masonry(URM) buildings in early 1970 to 1990. In general, URM buildings have the advantages of reducing the construction time and easy to construction. However, URM buildings do not have enough strength against the lateral force. Moreover, low rise buildings have not adopted seismic designs, and for that reason a critical damage is expected with an earthquake. And also, the necessity of the seismic performance evaluation of existing building structures is raised through the Taiwan earthquake in 1999. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for unreinforced masonry building in Korea by application of the proposed seismic evaluation method. In this study, seismic capacities of 50 existing unreinforced masonry buildings are evaluated based on the proposed method. Also, relationships of seismic capacities between Korean earthquake damage ratios of korean unreinforced masonry buildings are estimated. Results of this study were as follows; 1)Seismic retrofit was needed $8{\sim}48%$ in Korean unreinforced masonry buildings. 2)Korean unreinforced masonry buildings were expected to have severe damage under the earthquake intensity level experienced in Japan.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.7 s.104
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• pp.615-622
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• 2006

Caching in a Wireless Internet Proxy Server Cluster Environment has an effect that minimizes the time on the request and response of Internet traffic and Web user As a way to increase the hit ratio of cache, we can use a hash function to make the same request URLs to be assigned to the same cache server. The disadvantage of the hashing scheme is that client requests cannot be well-distributed to all cache servers so that the performance of the whole system can depend on only a few busy servers. In this paper, we propose an improved load balancing scheme using hashing and Round Robin scheme that distributes client requests evenly to cache servers. In the existing hashing scheme, if a hashing value for a request URL is calculated, the server number is statically fixed at compile time while in the proposed scheme it is dynamically fixed at run time using round robin method. We implemented the proposed scheme in a Wireless Internet Proxy Server Cluster Environment and performed experiments using 16 PCs. Experimental results show the even distribution of client requests and the 52% to 112% performance improvement compared to the existing hashing method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.448-448
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• 2021

최근 급격한 기후변화와 도시화 및 산업화로 인한 지류하천에서의 수량과 수질의 변동은 생물 다양성 감소와 수생태계 건강성 저하에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 효율적인 수생태 관리를 위해서는 지속적인 유량, 수질, 그리고 수생태 모니터링을 통한 데이터 축적과 더불어 면밀한 상관 분석을 통해 수생태계 건강성의 악화 원인을 규명해야 할 필요가 있다. 그러나 수많은 지류하천을 대상으로 한 지속적인 모니터링은 현실적으로 어려움이 있으며, 수생태계의 특성 상 단일 영향 인자만으로 수생태계의 건강성 변화와의 관계를 정확히 파악하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 지류하천에서의 유량 및 수질의 시공간적인 변동성과 다양한 영향 인자를 고려하여 수생태계의 건강성을 효율적으로 예측할 수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경험적 데이터 기반의 머신러닝 모델 구축을 통해 미계측 하천에서의 수생태계 건강성 지수(BMI, TDI, FAI)의 등급(A to E)을 예측하고자 하였다. 머신러닝 모델은 학습 데이터셋의 양과 질에 따라 성능이 크게 달라질 수 있으며, 학습 데이터셋의 분포가 불균형적일 경우 과적합 또는 과소적합 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이를 보완하고자 본 연구에서는 실제 측정망 데이터셋을 바탕으로 생성적 적대 신경망 GAN(Generative Adversarial Network) 알고리즘을 통해 머신러닝 모델 학습에 필요한 추가 데이터셋(유량, 수질, 기상, 수생태 등급)을 확보하였다. 머신러닝 모델의 성능은 5차 교차검증 과정을 통해 평가하였으며, GAN 데이터셋의 정확도는 실제 측정망 데이터셋의 정규분포와의 비교 분석을 통해 평가하였다. 최종적으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 통해 예측 된 미계측 하천에서의 데이터셋을 머신러닝 모델의 검증 자료로 사용하여 수생태계 건강성 등급 예측 정확도를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서의 GAN에 의해 강화된 머신러닝 모델은 수질 및 수생태 관리가 필요한 우심 지류하천 선정과 구조적/비구조적 최적관리기법에 따른 수생태계 건강성 개선 효과를 평가하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이를 통해 예측된 미계측 하천에서의 수생태계 건강성 등급 자료는 수량-수질-수생태를 유기적으로 연계한 통합 물관리 정책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.