• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2011

Three types of doenjang were prepared with regular soybean, germinated regular soybean, and a mixture of germinated regular and black soybean. After 90 days of fermentation, pH, moisture, and salt contents of doenjang were $6.01{\pm}0.01-6.72{\pm}0.01$, $53.78{\pm}0.22-57.99{\pm}0.11$, and $14.17{\pm}0.06-15.03{\pm}0.21%$, respectively, showing slight differences according to soybean germination. Amylase and protease activity of doenjang changed similarly during fermentation in all samples. Amino-type nitrogen and free amino acid content of germinated black soybean doenjang after 90 days of fermentation were $1256.21{\pm}1.86$ and 994.46 mg%, respectively, which were higher than those of other samples. A sensory evaluation of germinated regular soybean doenjang showed the highest scores for color, taste, and overall acceptability. These results suggest that high sensory quality doenjang can be prepared using germinated regular soybean and a mixture of germinated regular soybean and black soybean.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.241-256
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• 2019

In this paper, we analyzed the types of tasks presented in the 'Probability and Statistics' textbooks and how the cognitive competences required to perform the tasks provide students with opportunity-to-learn. To this end, the analysis of the 9 books of the 'Probability and Statistics' test textbooks according to the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum showed that the context-based tasks(CF type, RE type) ranged from 67.5% to 78.0% of the total number of tasks in each textbook, but the ratio of relevant and essential tasks related to real life is from 0.4% to 2.0%, it was found that most of the context-based tasks presented in the textbooks were disguised as real life materials. The cognitive competences of context-based tasks ranged from 29.6% to 50.0% in reproduction category, from 33.8% to 54.3% in connection category, and from 8.8% to 20.0% in reflection category. As a result, there was not enough opportunity-to-learn for students to experience reflective cognitive processes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.447-457
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the accidents of green mode bicycle. In pursuing the above, this study gave special emphasis on modeling the bicycle accidents reflecting the regional characteristics. The main results are as follows. First, the null hypotheses that the number of accident and ratio of serious injury and fatality (FSI) were the same over regions were rejected. Second, as the common variables, the number of bicycle was judged to have positive (+) impact to the accidents and the bicycle using ratio was inferred to increase the ratio of FSI. Third, the elderly population ratio among 3 factors which gave impact to the accidents of Si_A (city-county consolidation) was concluded to have the greatest elasticity. The developed area ratio between 2 factors in Si_B (city which is not consolidated) was, however, estimated to have the higher elasticity. Fourth, the number of car registration among 5 accident factors of Gun (county) was analyzed to have the greatest elasticity. Finally, the commuting trip ratio among 7 accident factors of Gu (district) was judged to have the greatest elasticity. This study can be expected to give some implications to regional policy-making related to bicycle.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to obtain information on separation of nonviable seeds from seed lots of rape, Chinese cabbage and radish, by nondestrutive ways. Seeds were artificially aged at 90% relative humidity(RH) and 45$^{\circ}C$ to get different seed qualities. Large amounts of amino acids, proteins and sinapine were leaked from the dead seeds into water in the course of 4~8 hours soaking, while high quality seeds did not leak in all crops. Percentage of normal seedlings from nonfluorescent cellulose coated seeds of rape, Chinese cabbage and radish under ultraviolet light was 96, 96 and 74%, while that of fluorescent seeds was 8, 9 and 1%, respectively. Cellulose coating and storage of Chinese cabbage and rape seeds at 60 and 75% RH for 3 months and 90% RH for 2 months did not deteriorate seed quality. But percentage of normal seedlings from nonfluorescent radish seeds stored at 60, 75 and 90% RHs for 3 months was 63, 64 and 2%, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.277-289
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• 2012

The total number of requests and associated specimens for the diagnosis of virus infection were 573 and 2,992, respectively, on crops from agricultural places of farmers, Agricultural extension services and so forth for 5 years from 2007. The total number of virus tests was 13,325. The number of species of viruses infected on the submitted crops was 21 in 2007, 15 in 2008, 23 in 2009, 21 in 2010 and 17 in 2011. The newly recorded viruses were Tobacco leaf curl virus (TbLCV) in 2007, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in 2008, Impatience necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) in 2009, and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) in 2010. Forty virus species including Alfalfa mosaic virus were detected over 5 years. The ten most frequently detected virus species were Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). The types of crops submitted from agricultural places were 51 in total and the ten most frequently submitted crops were red pepper, tomato, paprika, watermelon, melon, rice, cucumber, corn, radish and gourd. The total request rate for the top 10 crops and top 20 crops was 81.6% and 94.2%, respectively. Eight pepper infecting virus species included CMV, and the average infection rate was 24.6% for CMV, 18.9% for PMMoV and 14.7% for TSWV. Seven kinds of double infection were detected in pepper including BBWV2+CMV at 14.7% on average, and four types of triple infection including BBWV2+CMV+PepMoV at 0.9% on average. Six virus species detected on tomato including TYLCV, and the average infection rate was 50.6% for TYLCV, 14.5% for TSWV and 10.9% for Tobacco leaf curl virus (TbLCV). The mixed infection of CMV+TSWV on tomato was 3.9% on average and of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)+TYLCV was 0.4% on average. Five viruses detected on watermelon included MNSV and the average infection rate was 37.0% for MNSV, 20.4% for CGMMV, 18.1% for ZYMV and 17.8% for WMV. The mixed infection rate on watermelon was CMV+MNSV and WMV+ZYMV having an average infection rate of 0.7% and 5.0%, respectively. The average infection rates on melon were 77.6% for MNSV, 5.6% for CMV and 3.3% for WMV. Mixed infections of CMV+MNSV occurred on melon with an average infection rate of 13.5%.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant difference in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio according to the history of suicide attempt in patients with psychiatric diseases. Methods : A medical record review was conducted on patients who had been hospitalized in Konyang University Hospital since 2021-03-01 to 2023-02-28 to collect demographic and clinical characteristics. T-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables were performed to determine demographic differences according to the history of suicide attempt, and the ANCOVA test was performed to compare the average value of peripheral inflammatory marker according to the history of suicide attempt with gender and age as covariates. One-way variance analysis was performed to determine whether the number of suicide attempt causes significant difference of the peripheral inflammatory marker. Results : The final analysis target of this study was 266 patients, 101 had history of suicide attempt, and 165 had no history of suicide attempt. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001) were higher in patients with the history of suicide attempt than patients without the history of suicide attempt, but the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were not significantly increased depending on the serial increase of number of suicide attempts. Conclusions : This study suggests that peripheral inflammatory markers are meaningful and easily accessible indicators for predicting the risk of suicide attempt in psychiatric patients. We expect that prospective follow-up study will be conducted with more subjects and controlled potential confounding variables.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-49
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• 1996

금융정책(金融政策)과 자본시장(資本市場)의 증권가격(證券價格)과의 동태적(動態的) 관련성(關聯性)을 실증적으로 분석한 결과, 동태적(動態的) 구조면(構造面)에서 볼 때 특히 주식시장은 화폐에 대하여 시차를 갖는 반면, 장기채시장과 단기무위험시장에서는 시차를 갖지 않음이 발견되었다. 그리고 증권가격형성 메카니즘을 살펴본 결과, 화폐(貨幣)의 증가(增加)는 부(富)의 효과(效果)로 이어지고 그 결과 주가의 상승이 초래된다. 다른 한편으로 화폐의 증가가 대체효과를 반드시 유발시키지는 않으며, 그 이유로는 투자자들이 장기채를 선호함으로써 가격의 상승을 불러일으키는 반면 무위험자산의 경우 가격의 변동은 일어나지 않았기 때문이다. 끝으로, 가격효과(價格效果)의 존속은 비교적 단기로 끝남이 확인되었다. 증권시장(證券市場)의 장기적(長期的) 구조(構造)를 파악하기 위하여 공적분(共積分) 검정(檢定)을 실시하였다. 단위근(單位根) 검정(檢定)에 의하여 우리나라의 금융시계열은 단위근이 존재한다는 사실이 입증되었다. 따라서 금융시계열이 비정상적(非定常的) 확률과정(確率過程)을 따르고 있다. 공적분(共積分) 검정(檢定)에 의하여 화폐의 실질대수 유통속도와 실질주가, 장단기수익비율, 화폐차등수익률과 소득변화율 사이에는 차분후에 장기적 정상균형관계가 형성되고 있음이 발견되었다. 통화정책과 주가는 장기의 동태적 구조 측면에서 파악할 때 장기정상관계를 유지하고 있다. 그리고 주가는 시차(時差)가 0인 동시적(同時的) 통화정책(通貨政策)과 제1계 시차통화정책과 소득에 의하여 결정되고 있다. 다른 금융시계열은 주가결정에 영향을 미치고 있지 못한 실정이다. 주가의 상승은 부(富)의 효과(效果)와 대체효과(代替效果)를 유발하고 있다. 따라서 통화당국은 이점을 고려하여 화폐정책(貨幣政策)을 수립하여야 한다. 그리고 통화량은 주가의 가격형성에 양(陽)의 효과(效果)를 형성하고 있다. 따라서 화폐의 공급량의 증가는 명목주가(名目株價)의 상승을 유발하고 이에 따라 부(富)의 효과(效果)와 대체효과(代替效果)가 발생한다. 이와 같은 현상의 발견은 정부당국의 통화정책과 자본시장정책에 중요한 의의를 갖고 있다고 하겠다. 주가형성(株價形成)에 대한 통화정책의 효과는 당기 뿐만 아니라 차기에도 이어지고 화폐량과 소득이 주가의 결정에 영향을 미치고 있으며 다른 금융변수(金融變數)들은 영향을 미치지 않고 있다. 그러나 실질화폐잔고와 실질주가 장단기수익비율 화폐차등수익률과 소득변화률과는 장기적(長期的) 정상적(定常的) 균형관계(均衡關係)를 형성하고 있다. 따라서 장기적 관점에서 증권시장은 경제성장을 위한 통화정책과 각 분야의 균형적 성장을 유발할 수 있는 재정정책(財政政策)이 요청되고 있다. 위의 논의에서 유추할 수 있는 것은 화폐의 영향을 완화시키기 위하여 option시장의 개발과 농산물, 광물, 기타 실물 및 금융에 대한 선물시장의 개설이 요청된다. 이와 같은 시장을 통하여 통화 정책이 증권시장에 미치는 과도한 효과를 축소시켜 합리적이고 건전한 증권시장(證券市場)의 발전(發展)과 금융시장(金融市場)의 원활한 발전이 이룩될 수 있을 것이다. 자본시장이론(資本市場理論)에서는 화폐는 무시하고 실물적인 관점에서 증권가격의 결정을 연구하거나 위험분석에 주안점이 주어져 왔었다. 본 연구를 통하여 통화정책의 결과가 자본시장에 직접적으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 통화금융정책과 주가의 유기적 관계를 확인한 본 논문의 결과를 정책당국이 참고하여 통화금융정책(通貨金融政策) 효율성(效率性)을 극대화(極大化)할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.679-687
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• 2017

This study examines financial factors affecting cash holdings of firms in the domestic capital markets. Specifically, this study focuses on regional firms with headquarters in Chungcheong province, the Republic of Korea, which features little previous research concentrating on the firms in the particular region. Three primary hypotheses were empirically tested utilizing robust econometric models, including static panel data, Tobit regression, and logistic models.Results reveal only five explanatory variables, including DSO, LIQUID, LEVERAGE, PMARGIN, and SIZE, showed statistically significant effects on the level of cash holdings among the nine variables studied. In addition two IDVs, LEVERAGE and FOS, showed significant differentiated effects between firms with headquarters in North and South Chungcheong regions. With continued debate among interested parties on the optimal level of cash reserves, the study provides a new vision for the optimal cash reserves for firms with headquarters in Chungcheong Province, where unprecedented socio-economic factors are driven.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5476-5487
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• 2013

From foreign and/or domestic investors' perspectives, it may be interesting to find any financial attributes or profile of the firms headquartered in 'Chungcheong' province concerning profitability, given that this subject so far drew less attention in the previous literature. This study performed three hypothesis tests on the profitability indicator by utilizing the models such as the 'panel data' one and the 'logistic' regression one, applying a modified 'Dupont' system. With respect to the major findings, the results identified that the proxies measuring leverage across the book-value(BVLEV1) and the market-value(MVLEV1) bases, were statistically significant constituents determining profitability. Another explanatory variable, SIZE, with its positive and statistically significant relationship to the indicator, represented that the firms in the province were smaller than their counterparts in the other regional areas in Korea. DRELY applying a modified 'Dupont' system, found to be the only statistically significant discriminating factor between these comparison groups. As one of the primary contributions of this study, the outcomes may be used by the financial institutions operated across the regions including Seoul Metropolitan area, when implementing their lending practices to provide funds for potential borrowers such as the firms belonging to 'Chungcheong' province.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.291-301
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• 2023

In this study, the STEAM elements and convergence types which appeared in the creative and convergent activities in authorized elementary school science textbooks for 5^th and 6^th graders were analyzed. For this study, creative and convergence activities presented in 9 different science textbooks for 5^th and 6^th graders were selected and the STEAM elements and convergence types were analyzed by each publisher, grade-semester, and science field. The results of this study are as follows. First, there was a large variation by publisher in the total frequency of STEAM elements and the frequency of each element in creative and convergence activities. Second, the ratio of convergence type consisting of two elements was very high, and the higher the number of fused elements, the lower the ratio appeared in overall. Third, the art (A) element had the highest frequency in all grade-semesters, and the technology (T), engineering (E), mathematics (M) elements differed in the distribution of frequency by grade-semesters. Fourth, the engineering (E) element in the 'integration' field, and the art (A) element in the fields of 'movement and energy', 'material', 'earth and universe', and 'life' had the highest frequency.