• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

Various studies are being conducted to achieve efficient routing and reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks where energy replacement is difficult. Among routing mechanisms, the clustering technique has been known to be most efficient. The clustering technique consists of the elements of cluster construction and data transmission. The elements that construct a cluster are repeated in regular intervals in order to equalize energy consumption among sensor nodes in the cluster. The algorithms for selecting a cluster head node and arranging cluster member nodes optimized for the cluster head node are complex and requires high energy consumption. Furthermore, energy consumption for the data transmission elements is proportional to $d^2$ and $d^4$ around the crossover region. This paper proposes a means of reducing energy consumption by increasing the efficiency of the cluster construction elements that are regularly repeated in the cluster technique. The proposed approach maintains the number of sensor nodes in a cluster at a constant level by equally partitioning the region where nodes with density considerations will be allocated in cluster construction, and reduces energy consumption by selecting head nodes near the center of the cluster. It was confirmed through simulation experiments that the proposed approach consumes less energy than the LEACH algorithm.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2002

This paper proposed the strategy learning method by means of the fusion of Back-Propagation neural network and Q learning algorithm for two-person, deterministic janggi board game. The learning process is accomplished simply through the playing each other. The system consists of two parts of move generator and search kernel. The one consists of move generator generating the moves on the board, the other consists of back-propagation and Q learning plus $\alpha$$\beta$ search algorithm in an attempt to learn the evaluation function. while temporal difference learns the discrepancy between the adjacent rewards, Q learning acquires the optimal policies even when there is no prior knowledge of effects of its moves on the environment through the learning of the evaluation function for the augmented rewards. Depended on the evaluation function through lots of games through the learning procedure it proved that the percentage won is linearly proportional to the portion of learning in general.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.297-306
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• 1999

In this research, the frost heave mechanism of the weathered tuff soil sampled from the area tying between Ulanbator and Beijing was studied. The frost heave tests were carried maintaining the constant temperature at both upper$(+5^{\circ}C)\; and\; lower(-5^{\circ}C)$ ends of the sample. Here, main emphasis is given on variation of the freezing point depression with the variation of applied overburden pressure. The expansion of ice lens and migration of the pore water towards freezing front were observed in the test. It was found that with the increase in overburden pressure there is decrease in heave rate and increase in the absolute value of a segregation-freezing temperature. Hence the equation between segregation-freezing temperature and overburden pressure could be suggested. Also the water content of the samples at the frozen side was shown to be higher than those at the unfrozen side. Similarly, the water at warmer part of the frozen tuff was found much higher than that of the cooler part.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.2 s.46
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• pp.209-220
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• 2007

Mobile devices become a pak of our daily life due to their versatility, such as the wireless phone calls, the wireless accessibility to Internet, the display of multimedia content, and the communication with nearby mobile devices. Third generation telecommunication service provides an easy access to the Internet for nubile devices. Mobile users pay a fee charged by the telecommunication provider based on the amount of data transferred. This paper introduces a special ad hoc network in which mobile devices cooperate each other to download an interesting content from the Internet in order to reduce the telecommunication cost. The mobile devices, called the peers, in the ad hoc network are assigned a portion of the target file, and are responsible for downloading the portion using their 3G connection. Then, the peers exchange their downloaded portion with other participating peers using their cost-free ad hoc connection in order to reconstruct the whole content. According to the simulation results, large number of participating peers saves the telecommunication cost up to 90% with as few as 10 peers, although it slightly increase the overall content reconstruction time.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

Popular content stored within the Internet may be convenient to download via modern 3G connections, but costly due to a fee charged by telecommunication providers on the basis of the amount of data transferred. This paper presents a network in which several mobile devices, called the peers, cooperate to download their assigned portion of the content using a 3G connection in order to reduce the overall cost. Then, the peers exchange their assigned portion of the content with other peers via a wireless ad hoc network and the peers reconstruct the whole content using the exchanged portion. This paper focuses on the per-peer based distribution method, and presents the performance comparison with a similar method, called the per-packet distribution method. Both methods are designed to reduce packet collisions while content is exchanged. The simulation result indicates that the per-peer based method outperforms the per-packet based method, and approximately 90% of the telecommunication cost is saved with as few as 10 peers.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.553-560
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• 1995

A lactic aci bacteria producing antibacterial substance was isolated from pig feces. This strain was identified as a genus Lactobacillus, through its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. Lactobacillus sp. KJ-5 isolated showed the strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella paratyphi. The production of antibacterial substance was growth associated form during the batch culture of Lactobacillus sp. KJ-5 and the maximum production was obtained at the culture temperature of $37^{\circ}C$ as well as optimum temperature of cell growth. The antibacterial activity of the filtrate of culture broth was decreased by adjusting the pH 6.2 and was not affected by catalase treatment. The antibacterial substance was partially purified by methanol and acetone extraction, whtch exhibited three spots in the thin-layer chromatography and one of them showed an antibacterial activity, This substance also showed the maximum absorption of UV at 270nm and an antibacterial activity was completely inactivated by the treatment of proteolytic enzymes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10c
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

4단계 스카이라인 영역 결정 기법[2]은 영역 결정 시간이 객체의 개수에 비례해서 현저히 증가하기 때문에 다수의 객체를 포함하는 도메인들에 적용하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점은 스카이라인 영역이 지배 객체 집합의 부분 집합으로 이루어지는 특성을 고려하지 않았기 때문에 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 스카이라인 영역 결정에 불필요한 객체들을 제거할 수 있는 거리 기반 가지치기 기법과 영역 결정 선분의 범위 축소 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법들을 R*-트리와 INN(Incremental Nearest Neighbor) 알고리즘에 적용함으로써 점진적으로 스카이라인 영역을 결정할 수 있으며 영역 결정 시간을 현저하게 감소시킬 수 있다. 제안한 기법의 성능 향상을 증명하기 위해 4단계 영역 결정 기법과의 비교 실험을 수행한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.365-366
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• 2008

광학입자 계수기는 실내환경, 대기오염 및 콜린룸 등 입자크기분포 측정장비로 가장 많이 사용된다. 광학입자 계수기에 샘플링된 업자는 관측체적 내로 1개씩 통과 하며 산란된 빚은 집광장치에 의해 광검출기로 전달한다. 이때 산란광의 양에 비례하여 전압 (전류)의 세기로 변환하여 전기적 선호로서 나타나는 Pulse의 높이는 Calibration Data에 따라 업자의 크기로 변환하고 Pulse의 개수는 입자의 개수로 표시된다. 입자의 크기와 개수등 이용하여 부피로 환산 한 후 부유하는 입자의 평균 밀드를 이용하여 질량으로 환산시킨다. 이렇게 측정된 미세먼지 농도는 ZigBee 통신을 사용하여 구축한 시스템을 통해서 중앙부에서 실시간으로 먼지 농도를 알 수 있다. 특히 멀티흡 기능을 이용하여 건물 구조가 복잡하거나 층간의 통신, 꺾인 부분이나 사무실 안과 밖과 같은 무선 통신이 원할 하지 못하는 경우를 극복하여 미세먼지의 농도 값을 측정 할 수도 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06d
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• pp.285-290
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• 2008

이동통신 서비스를 이용해 인터넷의 콘텐츠를 다운로드 받으면 통신비용이 자료의 양에 비례하여 사용자에게 부과된다. 각 Peer가 콘텐츠의 일부를 3G 채널 등을 이용하여 유료로 다운로드 받고 비용이 부과되지 않는 ad hoc 채널에서 콘텐츠의 나머지 부분을 다른 Peer와 교환하여 전체 콘텐츠를 구성하면 사용자에게 부과되는 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 본 논문은 각 사용자가 가지고 있는 일부의 콘텐츠를 교환하여 전체 콘텐츠를 구성하는 방법인 benefit value를 설명하고, benefit value 값이 변경되지 않아 전송횟수가 증가하는 현상을 benefit bitmap으로 해결할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면 1Mbyte 파일을 5개의 Peer가 나누어 다운로드 받아 패킷을 512 byte와 1024 byte 크기로 교환했을 때, benefit bitmap을 사용하면 benefit value와 비교해 패킷 송신을 위한 버퍼의 크기가 100인 경우 약 22%, 버퍼가 3000인 경우 약 10% 정도 전송시간을 단축할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2012

유도 전동기를 제어하기 위한 일반적인 상용인버터는 다이오드 정류부, 평활용 Cap부, 인버터부로 구성된다. 시스템의 설계에 따라 가감속을 선정 할 수 있으며 산업현장에서는 부하의 관성이 큰 경우에 빠른 감속이 요구되는 경우가 있다. 상용 인버터는 감속 시 소비되는 에너지 외에 회생에 사용되며 회생 에너지에 비례하여 DC 링크 전압이 커지는데 이는 인버터의 소손 원인이 된다. DB유닛으로 이 문제를 해결해 줄 수 있지만 가격적인 부담을 가지고 있다. 부하의 관성이 크고 감속시간이 짧은 경우 DC 링크 과전압 방지를 위해 모터 출력의 정격에 맞는 출력지령을 내보내는 기술에 경제형 상용 인버터 시스템에 맞게 지령을 조정하는 부분을 추가하여 본 논문의 감속기법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 DB유닛을 사용하지 않았으며, 실험을 통해 검증하였다.