• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study attempted to examine the loving pigeon culture practiced in traditional gardens and to illuminate the aspect of pigeons as a landscape animal material. In order to understand the culture of enjoying old garden through pigeons, the contents were analyzed for the translated version of the old literatures and paintings. Pigeons have been used as Jeonseo-gu(傳書鳩) and also for medicinal purposes and food. Pigeons have various symbolic meanings such as abundance, hospitality, and longevity. From the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, pigeons were raised in the palace and private garden. In the late Joseon Dynasty, temporary trend of ornamental pigeon culture occurred. Pigeons were synesthesia materials that enriched the forest. Various beautiful pigeons created a variable landscape of the primeval forest as a moving landscape material. The bell sounds that appear differently depending on the pigeon's movement led to a rich auditory experience of the landscape. The pigeon house was an ornamental element that enriched the old garden along with the pigeon. The owners of garden were involved in gardening through the act of buying a pigeon house and placing it in the garden or making a pigeon house themselves. In addition, the writers planted plum trees, peach trees, apricot trees, and hawthorn trees as a symbol of spring and a source of food for pigeons, and expressed them in poems and paintings. This study has a limitation in that the translation of the old text was used as an analysis data. The follow-up studies on specific cases of raising pigeons in the old garden, in modern and contemporary landscape spaces are urged.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.15-26
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• 1996

It has been studied that a variety of fauna and flora are sensitive biological indicators which reflect the severity of regional pollution of heavy metals, but in the center of part of Taegu City the controversial issue of lead poisoning attributable to the atmosphere which contains an increased concentrations of lead has been raised recently, it is usually hard to find suitable plants or animal in the areas with heavy traffic. Pigeons are ubiquitous in and around Taegu City area, inhabiting even the most densely populated areas with heavy traffic. With its small body size, high metabolic turnover, and rather limited mobility, a pigeon, as a biological indicator is expected. This study was conducted to monitor lead pollution in the Taegu and Kyongju City in Korea. We measured the lead content of the various tissue of three groups of feral pigeon(Columba livia) and soil and atmospheric lead concentration. First group was obtained in heavy traffic area in Taegu City, the second group was obtained a park in Taegu City and the third group was obtained light traffic area in Kyongju City. The air and soil lead concentration of heavy traffic area in Taegu City was $0.11{\mu}g/m^3,\;4.96{\mu}g/g$, that of park in Taegu City was $0.05{\mu}g/m^3,\;2.65{\mu}g/g$ and that of light traffic area in Kyongju City was $0.03{\mu}g/m^3,\;0.01{\mu}g/g$. The lead content of lung, blood, kidney, femur and liver of feral pigeons in heavy traffic area in Taegu City was significantly higher than pigeons obtained in a park in Taegu City and low traffic density area in Kyongju City(p<0.01). But stomach lead content of three group did not reflect a significant difference. In this study positive correlation was found between atmospheric lead concentrations and the concentration of lead in the pigeon's lung(r=0.5040, p<0.001), blood(r=0.3322, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.4824, p<0.001), femur(r=0.7214, p<0.001) and liver(r=0.4836, p<0.01). We can also found positive correlation between soil lead concentrations and the concentration of lead in the pigeon's femur(r=0.4850, p<0.001), kidney(r=0.4850, p<0.001) and liver(r=0.4386, p<0.01). In the pigeon's tissue there were significant correlations between concentration of lead in the blood and kidney(r=4818, p<0.001), femur(r=0.6157, p<0.001) and liver(r=0.3889, p<0.001). In conclusion, at the heavy traffic area in Taegu City, lead concentrations found in the atmosphere and soil are reflected in the lead concentrations of different tissue of urban pigeons. It is suggested that the tissue of pigeons can be good biological indicators of environmental lead pollution.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 1969

The present investigation involves a comparative study of enzymatic activities in various animals. The levels of the liver protein of rat (22.0$\pm$0.01mg/ml and pigeon (22.0$\pm$ 0.16) are twice as high as that of crucian carp (13.0$\pm$ 0.09)(p < 0.01). Generally, the specific acitivity (3.77 $\pm$0.18 unit/mg) of rat glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) is highest, pigeon intermediate (1.93 $\pm$0.01), and crucian carp lowest (0.71$\pm$0.07). On the other hand, the specific activity (8.23$\pm$0.09 unit/mg)of rat glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is highest, pigeon intermediate (3.95$\pm$0.09), and crucian carp lowest (0.92$\pm$0.01) (p < 0.01). Ratios of GOT activity to GPT activity appear no remarkable difference from the levels of various animals. Specific activity of glutamic dehydrogenase(GDH) in pigeon tissue exceeds those of rat and crucian carp. In liver, rat GOT specific activity is greater than crucian carp and pigeon. On the other hand, pigeon GDH specific activity is greater than those of rat and crucian carp. This wouls seem to be in accord with protein metabolic intensity. The patterns for GDH isozyme were remarkably appeared in various animals. Glutamic dehydrogenase isozymes gave different electrophoretic mobilities in various animals. It is interesting that crucian carp, pigeon, and rat would show this difference, which may be indicative of an evolutional pattern. The fact that livers in various animals show quite different enzyme activities would suggest the existence of such a general phylogenetic relationship.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2010

This paper is to design and implement the system to simulate spontaneously the group behaviors for the various states of doves. To do this, the group behaviors of doves were divided into the four action models such as 'Flying', 'Landing', 'Eating' and 'Taking off'. The steering forces composing of each action model were found and each action model was designed by using the finite state machine. The designed system was implemented by integrating the Ogre engine. From the simulations of the implemented system, the values of the parameters for the steering forces were found so that it can represent the spontaneous group behaviors of doves.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.303-307
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• 2001

Some Feral Pigeons Columba livia were collected in commercial, industrial, park and resident areas of Seoul and heavy metal concentrations in their liver, kidney, bone and muscle tissues were measured to compare the levels of exposure by habitats. Statistical analyses showed some differences in the levels of heavy metals among these habitats. The levels of iron in liver and zinc in kidney were lower in resident area than in the other ones. Manganese and copper levels in all tissues were the highest in industrial area and park area, respectively. Lead bone level in resident area was the lowest, while that in commercial area was the highest. Cadmium level in kidney was higher in park area than in the other areas. Of these results, the levels of iron, zinc and lead in some tissues were related to traffic density in each habitats.

• 공원문화
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• s.47.48
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• pp.62-62
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• 1990

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.8 s.190
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• pp.116-119
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• 1985

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2002

In order to compare the lead and cadmium levels, studies of heavy metal accumulation of feral pigeons from rural (Deokjeok island), central urban (Seoul city), and industrial complexes (Ansan, Busan, Ulsan, and Yochon) were conducted. The outstanding result of this study is that feral pigeons in urban and industrial complex areas contain high Pb and Cd concentrations in kidney, bone, liver, and lung tissues compared to those of rural areas. Such a trend was prominent in the target organs, bone and kidney, about 10 times greater than in rural areas. On the other hand, the lead levels of the Yochon Industrial Complex were noticeably lower than those of other industrial complex areas. Not only feral pigeons habit of street and ground feeding, but also atmospheric metal concentration offers an explanation for the heavy metal concentration differences in the study areas.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

To monitor the heavy metal exposure conditions of Feral Pigeons Columba livia, we collected them at commercial area, industrial area, park area and resident area in Seoul. In feathers, iron concentrations were significantly different among habitats(ANOVA, p<0.05), and were the highest at park area. Manganese concentrations were relatively higher at industrial and park area than other areas(ANOVA, p<0.05). In case of copper levels were the significantly highest at park area(ANOVA, p<0.05). Zinc, lead and cadmium had no difference among habitats. Correlation between livers and feathers concentrations were highly significant to copper(r²=0.983, p<0.01) and cadmium(r²=0.632, p<0.01), but iron, zinc, manganese and lead were not significantly different.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

본 연구는 제주 한남시험림에서 2006년 11월부터 2007년 2월까지 매달 3일 연속으로 선조사법 실시 2개 지역과 정점조사법 실시 2개 지역을 정하여 동계 조류 군집을 조사하였다. 총 32종의 조류를 확인하였으며, 출현빈도 0.50 이상인 조류는 11월 직박구리, 검은머리방울새, 큰부리까마귀, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 박새였으며, 12월 직박구리, 큰부리까마귀, 검은머리방울새, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 노랑턱멧새, 박새였으며, 1월 직박구리, 큰부리까마귀, 곤줄박이, 멧비둘기, 박새였으며 2월 곤줄박이, 큰부리까마귀, 직박구리, 검은머리방울새, 노랑턱멧새, 박새였다. 박새류 중 곤줄박이, 진박새, 박새 3종만을 확인하였으며, 기존 문헌에 기재된 쇠박새는 확인하지 못하였다. 큰오색딱다구리의 관찰빈도는 평균 0.37로서 육지(mainland)에 비하여 높았으며, 삼나무숲과 활엽수림에서 둥지를 발견할 수 있었다. 향후, 지속가능한 산림경영과 관련하여 큰오색딱다구리를 비롯한 산림성 조류에 대한 지속적 모니터링에 대한 고찰을 하였다.