• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

Purpose: The change of alignment between RGP lens and cornea according to the lens design was investigated by comparing the areas of fluorescein pattern in central and peripheral regions analyzed by astigmatic degree and corneal type when spherical and aspherical RGP lenses fitted in alignment. Methods: The fluorescein patterns of 90 eyes (19-30 years, $25.12{\pm}3.52$) having with-the-rule astigmatism were analyzed after spherical and aspherical RGP lenses fitted in alignment. Then, their fluorescent areas in central and peripheral regions were calculated and compared for the quantitative evaluation. Results: The case showing concordant base curve between spherical and aspherical RGP lenses in alignment fitting was 72% however, the possibility to have same base curves between spherical and aspherical RGP lenses in alignment fitting was to be less in the case of symmetric bowtietyped cornea and high astigmatism. The fluorescent area in peripheral region of aspherical RGP lens in alignment fitting was smaller than it of spherical RGP lens. Peripheral fluorescent areas in both RGP lenses decreased according to the increase of astigmatic degree and peripheral area in symmetric bowtie-typed corea was smaller than round-typed cornea's peripheral area. In the case of same astigmatic degree, peripheral fluorescent area of aspherical RGP lens was smaller in both corneal types. Conclusions: The results above suggest the changing degree in the alignment between RGP lens and cornea can be varied according to lens design, corneal astigmatism and corneal type. Thus, the results obtained from the quantitative analysis of the alignment between lens design and cornea may be used as the basic information about the establishment of guidelines for RGP lens fitting, the development of proper lens design, and different tear volume in partial regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1982

During the two-years(1979 to 1980) fertilization trial on 4-year-old chestnut tree plantations, total insolation was diminished in 1980 because of unseasonable weather. In every fertilization treatment plot, especially in the NPK-fertilized plot with magnesium, growth of trees and yield of chestnuts have been increased significantly. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The growth in the NPK-fertilized plot with boron and magnesium was 20 percent higher than in plots fertilized with NPK alone. 2) Although there was some frost damage to trees on November 14, 1979, the 1979 weather was otherwise normal and daily insolation averaged 7 hours from June through september, The 1979 fertilization indices for chesnut yield were 167 for NPK with boron and 207 for NPK with magnesium, as compared with the base index of 100 for NPK alone. 3) In 1980, the second year of the fertilization trial, unseasonable weather decreased the average daily insolation from June through September to 3.8 hours. Under such conditions, the fertilization indices for chestnut yield were 620 for NPK with boron and 741 for NPK with magnesium, and Boron, as compared to the base index of 100 for NPK alone; i.e. the yields of plots treated with NPK and magnesium were 21 percent higher than for plots with NPK and boron and 7 times the yields for plots with NPK alone, But in the trial plot of NPK, yield of chestnut in 1980 decreased compared with 1979, 4) All test plots had natural magnesium levels lower than 0.8me/100gr., and the treatments with NPK and magnesium would have been less apparent on soils with higher magnesium level. The spectacular effects of treatment with NPK and magnesium during periods of low insolation may result from increased chlorophyll production and corresponding increases in active carbon assimilation, which should play an important role in carbohydrate formation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the forage growth, production and quality of native reed (Phragmites communis) grasses. Field experiments were conducted in Cheonan and in Ansan, 2012. Treatments were control (no N fertilization), 50 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha in Cheonan plots (fertilization on April $30^{th}$, and harvest on June $21^{st}$). Treatments in Ansan plots were control (no N fertilization) and 60 kg/ha (fertilization on May first, and harvest on August first). Forage growth and leaf colors were improved in N fertilized plots. However, the drymatter (DM) percentage was slightly decreased with N fertilization. Forage yields, in terms of DM, crude protein (CP) and digestible DM (DDM), were significantly increased with N fertilization in both sites. In Cheonan, DM, CP and DDM yields per ha were 4,026 kg, 235 kg and 1,850 kg, respectively, in the control plot, and were 4,658 kg, 306 kg and 2,388 kg, respectively, in the N 50 kg plot, and 5,622 kg, 446 kg and 3,143 kg, respectively, in the N 100 kg plot. In Ansan, DM, CP and DDM yields per ha were 2,802 kg, 177 kg and 1,288 kg, respectively, in the control plot, and were 3,876 kg, 294 kg and 1,853 kg, respectively, in the N 60 kg plot. Forage quality in terms of CP content, in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) were also increased with N fertilization in both sites. In Cheonan, the CP content, IVDMD and RFV were 5.85%, 45.96% and 64.5 (grade 5), respectively, in the control plot, 6.58%, 51.27% and 72.3 (grade 5), respectively, in the N 50 kg plot, and 7.94%, 55.91% and 72.7 (grade 5), respectively, in the N 100 kg plot. In Ansan, the CP content, IVDMD and RFV were 6.30%, 45.98% and 70.2 (grade 5), respectively, in the control plot, and 7.59%, 47.80% and 78.3 (grade 4), respectively, in the N 60 kg plot. In conclusion, N fertilization of 60~100 kg/ha was desirable for greater forage production, with a higher quality of native Phragmites communis achievable. This should only be applied if the fertilization area is not located at a riverside/streamside or in riparian land where there is a high risk of water pollution by fertilization.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.837-856
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ill-structured problem solving program on the social self-efficacy, democratic citizenship, and meta-cognition of the scientifically gifted high school students and provide an opportunity to consider how to improve students' social self-efficacy, democratic citizenship, and meta-cognition when comprehensive character education has been emphasized in science programs for gifted students. The subjects consisted of 17 students(10th graders) and 19 students(11th graders) who were participated in a science gifted program in a Korean high school located in Seoul and pre-examination on their social self-efficacy, democratic citizenship, and meta-cognition was conducted. After applying 12-class-time of ill-structured problem solving program, post-examination on their social self-efficacy, democratic citizenship, and meta-cognition was conducted and student's self-essay about program was also conducted. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data collected and students's self-essays were also analyzed. The results of this study were as follows: First, the findings showed that ill-structured problem solving program developed students' social self-efficacy and especially showed a significant improvement in asking for help. Second, they also showed that ill-structured problem solving program raised students' democratic participation especially in a democratic function. Third, in terms of meta-cognition, ill-structured problem solving program also played a positive role. The result of analyzing students' essays also showed students' positive perception on the program. The findings of the present study suggested that ill-structured problem solving program should be taken into consideration when developing a science program for scientifically gifted high school students.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2002

Nowadays, developed camera, camcorder, CCTV and copier system accept a wide angle and a telephoto lens, and have an excellent capacity. Also, it is small as using aspheric surface. In this paper, after we evaluate and analyze two-group zoom lens system and three-group zoom lens system for camera, we refer to it, and design three-group zoom lens system for camera. Therefore, when we design a zoom lens system for camera, we use a symmetrical system. As using an aspheric surface, we can try to a miniaturization and an efficient improvement. We use optical valuable measure methods, a ray intercept plot, MTF and Seidel coefficient. So, we can confirm to have a similar level to compare with reference model.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1988

다른 生長條件(growth chamber, outdoor)과 室素施肥條件(N O, N 60kg $ha^{-1}$에서 자란 perennial ryegrass잎에 있어서 葉伸長率(LER)과 伸長部位의 空間的 移動 및 細胞의 伸長등을 알아보고자, 잎 基部내 伸長部位의 0~30mm에 pin 처리를 하고 일정시간후 pin hole의 이동거리로서 生長을 조사하였으며 표면복제방법에 의해 細胞의 길이를 측정하였다. Growth chamber에서 자란 목초의 LER은 25.2mm day$^{-1}$(outdoor 목초에 비해 54.6% 증가), 생육의 공간분포는 基部로부터 24mm까지, 최대생육은 10~13mm에서, 세포신장은 20mm까지로 관찰되었다. Outdoor 목초는 LER 16.3mm, 생육분포는 17mm까지, 최대생육은 5~8mm에서, 세포신장은 14mm까지였다. 질소시비구 목초의 LER은 30.3mm day$^{-1}$(무시비구 목초에 비해 61.2% 증가), 생육분포는 基部로부터 27mm까지, 최대생육은 13~15mm에서, 세포신장은 21mm까지였으며, 질소무시비구 목초는 LER 21.3mm, 생육 분포는 21mm까지, 최대생육은 8~11에서, 세포신장은 16mm까지였다. Ligule 부위의 세포길이는 현저히 짧아졌으며, LER이 빠를때 伸長部位내 生育의 移動速度도 빨랐다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1387-1392
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• 2019

Aspherical mirrors have lighter weight and better performance than spherical mirrors, but it is difficult to process their shape and measure the processing precision. Especially, large aperture aspherical mirrors mounted on satellites need high processing precision and long processing time. The computerized numerically controlled machine of gantry type has been used in polishing process, but it has difficulties in processing the complex shapes due to the lack of degrees of freedom. In order to overcome this problem we developed a polishing system using an articulated industrial robot. The system consists of tool path generating program, real-time robot monitoring, and control program. We show the performance of the developed system through the computer simulation and actual robot operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

The optical glass lens is required high dimensional precision such as the lack of defect. In this paper, we examined the detectable defect by using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy(RUS). The RUS is the measurement system which is to excite the specimen and to inspect the differences of resonant frequency pattern between acceptable specimen and specimen which has some defects. In this paper, for nondestructive evaluation by using RUS, we measured the resonant frequency of each specimen which is spherical and aspherical glass lens. With the results, we knew the polishing processing degree of spherical glass lens by the measured resonant frequency and could evaluate the characteristic of aspherical glass lens about some flaws.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

소과종 수박의 고밀도 지주재배시 질소시비량을 260kg/㏊, 200, 140, 0, 무비구로 하여 생육, 수양, 품질 및 무기양분 흡수에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 생육특성은 질소시용구가 0kg시용구와 무비구보다 초장, 엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중이 좋았고, 질소시용구간에는 차이가 없었으며 엽수는 모든 처리구에서 차이가 없었다. 나. 수량특성은 140kg/ha시용구가 32,010kg/ha로 가장 높았고, 착과율도 79%로 가장 높았다. 다. 품질특성은 140kg 시용구가 식미지수 3.9, 당도 12.5 $^{\circ}$Bx로 다른 처리구보다 좋았고, 무비구가 12.0 $^{\circ}$Bx로 처리구 중에서 가장 낮았다. 과피두께는 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 두꺼웠다. 라. 식물체(잎)내 T-N의 함량은 질소시비량이 많았던 처리구일수록 증가폭이 컸으며, 모든 처리구에서 생육중기에 가장 많이 흡수되었다. 인산함량은 질소시비량에 따라서 큰 차이가 없었으며 칼슘함량은 질소시비량이 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 마그네슘 함량은 칼슘과는 달리 질소시비량이 많을수록 생육후기에 낮았다. 마. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 소과종 수박을 밀식하여 지주재배를 실시할 때 토양 염류집적을 줄여주고, 품질 및 수량을 향상시키기 위해서는 질소시비량을 대과종 수박재배시의 70% 수준으로 줄여서 시비하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2002

In this paper we analyzed the optical property after we chose the lens system to cover a wide angular field which is designed to use a established designed meniscus negative outer element. The special quality of the system is to offer a wide angular field by getting only one outer negative element and to be a compacted optical system to utilize the good point of miniaturization and light-weighturization by using two aspheric surfaces. Also, we observed the aberration correction of a aspheric as we investigated two aspheric's forms to use for a aberration correction.