• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.51-61
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• 2021

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution symbolized by the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, various embedded devices are increasing exponentially. These devices have communication functions despite their low specifications, so the possibility of personal information leakage is increasing, and security threats are also increasing. Embedded devices can have security issues at most levels, from hardware to services over the network. In addition, it is difficult to apply general security techniques because it has characteristics of resource constraints such as low specifications and low power, and the related technology has not been standardized. In this study, we present vulnerabilities and possible problems and considerations in applying SDN to embedded devices in consideration of structural characteristics and real-world discovered cases. This study presents vulnerabilities and possible problems and considerations when applying SDN to embedded devices. From a hardware perspective, we consider the problems of Wi-Fi chips and Bluetooth, the problems of open flow implementation, SDN controllers, and examples of structural properties. SDN separates the data plane and the control plane, and provides a standardized interface between the two, enabling efficient communication control. It can respond to the security limitations of existing network technologies that are difficult to respond to rapid changes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.181-187
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• 2021

As the aging society progresses and the functional cosmetics market is revitalized we have learned that the functional cosmetics that the silver generation is most interested in are wrinkle-improving products and we are making great efforts to develop functional cosmetics that improve wrinkles. The ingredients are actually making. From the early 2000s when the development of functional cosmetics began to the present the research trends of functional cosmetics for wrinkle improvement were analyzed by analyzing papers on functional cosmetics for wrinkle improvement. Research methods focused on literature search and SIRS paper search keywords. And the cosmetic material that needs to be researched focuses on the anti-aging function among functional cosmetics which is the anti-wrinkle function. The research results show the rapid growth of the Anti-aging market. As the population ages the generation of silver with high purchasing power will expand and a market for expensive anti-aging products and services for a healthy old age will be formed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.128-133
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• 2021

During titration, several chemical reactions result in changes not only in the potential of chemicals, but also in the colors of the indicator. In a potentiometric titration, a titration curve is obtained by measuring the abrupt change in the potential at the endpoint. Generally, acid-base titration is performed by observing the color change caused by an indicator to determine the endpoint. The method of determining the endpoint by measuring the potential difference has been well established and commercialized; however, the devices that can obtain the endpoint by observing the color change are limited. Consequently, in this study, a simple and precise spectral endpoint detector was manufactured using a drop-counter comprising an infrared emitter and a phototransistor, a white light LED as the light source and photodetector, and an analog-to-digital converter (Arduino). Spectrator, a new named, showed excellent results in terms of the reproducibility of acid-base titration using thymol blue as an indicator. Herein, we present the results of the Spectrator-manufacturing process as well as the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1187-1192
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• 2020

The dronebot combat system is a representative model of the future battlefield in the 4th industrial revolution. In dronebot, unmanned reconnaissance tankrobot can minimize human damage and reduce cost with higher combat power than humans. However, since the battlefield environment is very complex such as obstacles and enemy situations, it is also necessary for the pilot to control the tankrobot. Tankrobot are robots with new ICT technology, capable of hacking attacks, and if there is an abnormality in control, it can pose a threat to manipulation and control. A Bluetooth sniffing attack was performed on the communication section of the tankrobot and the controller to introduce a vulnerability to Bluetooth, and a countermeasure using MAC address exposure prevention and communication section encryption was proposed as a security measure. This paper first presented the vulnerability of tankrobot to be operated in future military operations, and will be the basic data that can be used for defense dronebot units.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of natural herb mixture containing Laminaria japonica Areschoung (LAM) on fine dust-induced bronchitis in mice. Laminaria japonica Areschoung is main content of LAM, which is including fucoidan. Fucoidan extracted from phaophyta is known to prevent bronchitis and to defend against bacteria and virus infection. In this study, we experienced the effect of LAM on bronchitis and investigated gene expressions (e.g ; IL-8, COX-2, MCP-1) and bio-markers (e.g ; IL-8, PGE2, MUC5AC) associated with bronchitis by using A549 cells. Also, we investigated whether LAM can suppress the bronchitis in fine dust-induced animal models. We injected fine dust (50 ㎕) twice as INT (Intra-Nasal-Trachea) method. Then LAM (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) were oral administered for 14 days. We analyzed the number of immune cells, immunoglobulin E, bio-markers level associated with bronchitis. LAM significantly decreased bio-marker (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Histamine, PGE2), immune cells (white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte), and immunoglobulin E, that are increased by fine dust. Taken together, this study suggest that LAM can be used as effective herbal extract for bronchitis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.384-388
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• 2021

Currently, whether in a domestic or international sphere, many small businesses are suffering due to COVID-19. The grim reality is that several businesses are shutting down. While the national disaster relief grant was used to contain the damages by encouraging consumer spending, it has become difficult to prevent closures of small businesses. As of September 2020, more than 20,000 stores have closed in Seoul due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There has also been an increase in the number of people with depression caused by the COVID-19 blues. This issue is not only confined to Seoul in the Republic of Korea, but is influencing all other areas affected by the pandemic. As the number of COVID-19 patients increase, the number of open stores is decreasing steadily. The analysis of the correlation coefficient of Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall suggests a negative correlation between the number of COVID-19 patients and the number of stores in business.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.613-619
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• 2020

Hybrid media access control (MAC) is used in internet of things (IoT) network, because of communication feature concern with data capacity and communication interval between gateway and sensor nodes and the cost efficiency. Hybrid MAC consists of TDMA and CSMA generally. The distance between gateway and sensor node is openly changed in marine IoT network. Therefore, it is needed to control the period of timeslot of hybrid MAC used in marine IoT network. In this paper, the design rule of TDMA timeslot with the variable period depending on communication distance was proposed. It was confirmed from the analysis that 72 times communication between gateway and sensor nodes is possible in LoRa network by using the proposed TDMA variable timeslot scheme.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.483-492
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• 2021

This study evaluated the removal efficiencies of methylene blue (MB) and humic acids (HA) using a rice husk (RH) biochar and powdered activated carbon (PAC). The pseudo-second-order model better presented the adsorption of MB and HA onto a RH biochar than the pseudo-first-order model. Furthermore, better description of the adsorption behavior of MB and HA by the Langmuir isotherm model (R² of the RH biochar: MB = 0.986 and HA = 0.984; R² of PAC: MB = 0.997 and HA = 0.989) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R² of the RH biochar: MB = 0.955 and HA = 0.965; R² of PAC: MB = 0.982 and HA = 0.973) supports the assumption that monolayer adsorption played key roles in the removal of MB and HA using the RH biochar and PAC. Batch experiments were performed on the effects of dosage, temperature, and pH. For all experiments, PAC showed higher efficiencies than RH biochar and MB adsorption efficiencies were higher than those of HA. Adsorption efficiencies increased with increasing amounts of adsorbents and temperature. As the pH increased, adsorption efficiencies of MB were increased while adsorption efficiencies of HA were decreased.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.890-896
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• 2022

In this paper, gimbal camera control through smart gloves was implemented to increase convenience and accessibility to the control of drones used in various fields. Smart gloves identify human gestures and transmit signals through Bluetooth. The received signal is converted into a signal suitable for the drone through a GCS (Gound Control Station). Signals from smart gloves are expressed in a quaternion method to prevent gimbal locks, but for gimbal cameras, conversion is required to use Roll, Pitch, and Yaw methods. The data conversion mission is performed in the GCS. The GCS transmits an input signal to the control board of the drone through Wi-Fi. The control board generates and outputs the transmitted signal in a PWM manner. The output signal is input to the gimbal camera through the SBUS method and controlled. The input signal of the smart glove averaged 0.093 s and up to 0.099 s to output to the gimbal camera, showing that there was no problem in real-time use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

This study has been conducted to investigate the appropriate mixed sowing rates with white clover (Trifolium repens) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) by evaluating initial growth. Six different mixed sowing rates (CT, Control Trifolium repens; CP, Control Poa pratensis; T1P3, Trifolium repens 1 : Poa pratensis 3; T1P2, Trifolium repens 1 : Poa pratensis 2; T1P1, Trifolium repens 1 : Poa pratensis 1; T2P1, Trifolium repens 2 : Poa pratensis 1; T3P1, Trifolium repens 3 : Poa pratensis 1) with three repetitions were implemented in greenhouse experiment plastic pots (50.5 length × 35.0 width × 8.5 cm height). Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured after a week from the germination for three months. Initial growth of Kentucky bluegrass significantly increased as mixed sowing rates with increasing, while that of white clover kept relatively decreasing than that in Control. Initial growth strongly affected sowing mixed rates by Kentucky bluegrass and not by white clover in this experiment, indicating that grasses played a dominant role during initial growth period. However, seeding rates with white clover will be dependent on the use of a turf and the desired green cover. There remains a need to further study of the mechanisms and dynamics of legume and grass competition to underpin sustainable management practices.