• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.49-68
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to introduce brand alliance to private brand context. The conventional concept of the wheel of retailing hypothesis explains the limitation of private brand growth. Retailers, therefore, has made an effort to adopt brand alliance with national brand to solve the potential problem of private brand. The conjoint analysis was used to identify the importance of brand alliance. The importance of the general variable extracted from part worth presented there was significant benefit in an alliance between a private brand and a national brand. Additionally, the results showed that there were moderating effect of 1) familiarity with private brand, 2) evaluation of specific retailer and vendor and 3) usage amount on part worth structures.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-46
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• 2003

Despite importance of private brands in the retail industry, not many studies have been performed on factors affecting consumers' attitude formation toward private brands. This study tries to understand attitude formation toward private brands from the perspective of image congruence. Focusing on three types of image congruence-image congruence between a private brand and a consumer's self, image congruence between a store and a product category used for a private brand, and image congruence between a store and a consumer's self - this study explores relationships and effects of these three types of image congruence on attitudes toward private brands. According to results, image congruence between a private brand and a consumer's self has the strongest effect among three types of image congruence. Image congruence between a store and a product category also has a significant positive effect on attitudes toward private brands. Effects of image congruence between a store and a consumer's self on attitudes toward private brands were opposite to the hypothesized direction, and explanations about the unexpected result are provided.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.47-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out characteristic of a product which has the most influence when consumer makes a purchase, and analyze if actual consumers make a purchase with recognition of the brand difference between PB and NB brands using conjoint analysis. As a result, the main factor which consumers consider when they purchase a product is the quality but the factor for brands (NB or PB) do not have an effect on their purchasing. The reason why consumers little consider a factor for PB or NB is that they do not have much knowledge of PB and they recognize the PB as a "me-too" product of NB. Therefore, retailers should develop more differentiated product in order to be recognized by consumers.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.109-125
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• 2007

Even though private brands have low cost advantages to national brands, consumers perceive the qualities of private brands lower than the qualities of national brands. To overcome such perceptions of consumers, alliances between private brands and national brands should be tried. This study investigates the effects of consumers' attitude for private brands and national brands on the evaluation of brand alliance between private and national brands, especially when national brands are used as ingredient brands of the private brand. We also study the moderating effects of consumers' price sensitivity and quality sensitivity on this brand alliance evaluation. Additionally, we try to provide some guidelines for successful brand alliances between private and national brands.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-22
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• 2004

Prior researches related to private brands have mainly focused on the competition between private brands and national brands. But private brands can be allied with national brands to overcome its weak points such as low perceived quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumer responses to the alliance between private brands and national brands. Especially this paper focused on the situation in which national brands are used as ingredient brands to improve the consumers' preference toward private brands. We hypothesized that using national brands as ingredient brands would improved the consumers' perceived quality and buying intention toward private brands. Also we supposed that when national brands had moderate congruity with product category, consumers' preference would be most positive. And this study examined the moderating effects of functional risk. Factorial experimental design and scenario method were employed to test the hypotheses. Also we classified the products as utilitarian-hedonic products and compared the effects of ingredient brands on utilitarian products with hedonic products. Empirical results show that when private brands use national brands as ingredient brands, consumer responses become positive. Also when ingredient brands have moderate congruity with products, consumer responses are most positive. But moderate congruity effect is significant only when functional risk is low.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-199
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to test and analyze differences in consumers' satisfaction and influences of competitiveness of goods on consumers' purchase decision by demographic characteristics and by channel distribution. The hypotheses have been tested through T-test and ANOVA with one-way and two-way using SPSS Win Ver. 12.0. The distribution channels are classfied with five ones such as company direct operation shop, agent licensed shop, department store, internet home shopping and outlet goods shop. This study can indirectly suggest a local clothing brand industry countermeasures for raising competitiveness and changing consumer preferences in the open domestic market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.349-359
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• 2009

This study analyzed the structural correlation between parent brand attitude, including attitude toward the advertisement, attitude toward the store and brand attitude, and brand extension evaluation, relationships among which are conceived as a brand extension evaluation process. The result of analysis, revealed statistical significances of the differences in the effect levels between attitude toward store and brand attitude, between brand attitude and brand extension evaluation level, and between brand extension evaluation level and purchase intention of an extended product depending on the choice of distribution channel type. Therefore the evaluation level of brand extension should be analyzed by structural relationship model based on the consumer behavior's viewpoint with distribution channel type and it can provide the important information for restructuring distribution channel and increase the level of the successful brand extension.

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2003

국내의 수입명품 브랜드 시장은 유통개방 완전개방과 더불어 병행수입이 허용되면서 급격한 성장을 보이고 있다. 그 동안 일부 부유층에게만 이루어지던 명품 브랜드의 소비는 유통구조의 다변화 및 소비의 고급화 현상 등으로 인해 대중화되어가고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 국내에 수입되고 있는 해외 명품브랜드 유통현황에 대한 조사를 하였으며 이와 더불어 수입되는 명품 브랜드의 유통형태별 특징을 파악하고 그들이 각각 어떠한 마케팅 전략으로 차별화를 두는지를 살펴보고 이에 따른 효과적인 마케팅 전략을 제시하는데 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.261-276
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• 2003

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-123
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• 2008

Recently, there has been a growing trend toward private brand. Although much has been written about the determinants of attitude and purchase intention on PB, little is known about the influence of manufacturer and retailer trust on private brand purchase. This research addresses three questions:(1) what impact do manufacturer and retailer trust have on private brand purchase?(2) What is a key mediating variable in the relationship retailer between trust(on retailer/manufacture) and purchase intention?(3) Are the impacts of these factors differ depending on the level of customer knowledge? The findings indicate that retailer trust directly influence on the perceived quality, attitude toward private brand, and purchase intention. Manufacturer trust affects on attitude and purchase intention, however, only when it is through perceived quality. In addition, the relative impact of theses two factors differs to some extent, depending on the level of consumer knowledge. When customer knowledge is relatively high, retailer trust is a very important factor influencing perceived quality, attitude and purchase intention. On the other hand, both retailer trust and manufacturer trust are considered when customer knowledge on private brand is low.