• Title/Summary/Keyword: 브라질

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Separation of Chromophoric Substance from Sappanwood under Different Extraction Conditions (염료 추출조건에 따른 소목의 색소성분 분리 거동)

  • Ahn, Cheun-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1653-1661
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    • 2007

  • The research aimed to establish the standard extraction procedure for examining brazilin, the major chromophoric substance of Sappanwood, using GC-MS with the ultimate goal of identifying the sappanwood dye in severely faded archaeological textiles. The amount of brazilin represented by the GC abundance was the largest when acetone was used as the extraction medium, followed by methanol. Shaking plate operated at room temperature was more effective than the waterbath shaker which was operated at $30^{\circ}C$. In both cases, the extraction method which incorporated one hour pre-soaking before the 12 hours of actual extraction resulted in a larger amount of brazilin detection than the extraction procedure without the one hour pre-soaking. In case of water extraction, pH 5 resulted in the most effective pH level for the extraction of brazilin, The best GC-MS parameter for detecting brazilin was to set the column temperature initially at $50^{\circ}C$. gradually increase to $210^{\circ}C$ at a $23^{\circ}C/min$ rate, finally increase to $305^{\circ}C$ at $30^{\circ}C/min$ rate, and hold for 14 minutes, and the MSD scan range at $75{\sim}400m/z$.

  • https://doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2007.31.12.1653 인용 PDF KSCI

Restricted Use of Contingent Workers and the Factors of Shift from Contingent to Standard Workers in Brazil (브라질 비정규노동의 제한적 활용과 정규직화 요인)

  • Jeong, Heung-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.213-260
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    • 2013

  • This study pays attention to the restricted use and the possibility of standard position of contingent workers in Brazil. The labor market of Brazil has been developed by formal and informal labor sector, and informal sector includes various precarious workers as well as contingent workers. According to Brazilian Statistics Department, not contingent workers but informal labor focused in this paper have been slowly decreased since year 2000. In this context, this study investigated on the reasons of decreasing contingent employment in Brazil. The results demonstrate that decreased informal employment and instead increased standard workers could not be interpreted by recent the Braizil's economic boom. Along with literature review, the author conducted the case study regarding employment of contingent workers at six large foreign companies in Sao Paulo. The results of this show that the use of contingent employment was prohibited in regular daily works by the labor law and thus firms employed contingent workers in only temporary positions. Further, firms often promise standard positions for contingent workers when temporary employment contract was terminated since there is little or no exist of the differences of wage between standard and contingent worker in terms of 'same work same wage' and 'minimum wage'. In here, labor unions play a key role in employment change from contingent position to standard job. Consequently, decreasing of contingent workers and stepping stone to regular jobs seems to be triggered by both legal regulation on contingent employment and strong unions. This institutional perspective may extend the theoretical view on the use of contingent workers, and the author discuss that Brazil's case could provide practical implications to Korean labor policy.

ISO/IEC JTC1 소개 및 제13차 브라질 총회 결과

  • 권미희
    • TTA Journal
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    • s.62
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    • pp.169-187
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    • 1999

  • 향후 21세기 정보사회의 구체적인 실현과 국가 경쟁력 향상의 중심적 역할을 지닌 정보통신은, 관련 기술의 통합화와 서비스의 고도화 및 다양화에 따라 정보통신 관련 제품들간의 상호운용성 확보 측면에서 표준화의 필요성이 날로 강조되어 가고 있다. 그러한 정보통신기술 발전을 위한 기반 요소로서의 표준화는 다음과 같이 두 개의 큰 맥락, ITU(국제전기통신연합)와 ISO/IEC JTC1(ISO/IEC 합동기술위원회 1)을 중심으로 국제적 표준화 추진체계를 이루고 있지만, 최근 기술의 통화화에 추세에 따라 상호 보완 및 협력을 바탕으로 공생하고 있다고 보아야 할 것이다. 여기에서는 그중 ISO/IEC JTC1의 위원회 소개와 함께 지난 1월에 열린 제13차 브라질 총회결과를 간단히 기술하고자 한다.

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The Quilombo of Palmares: Decolonization of Brazil (브라질의 탈식민화, '킬롬부' - 아메리카와 아프리카 식민성의 만남 -)

  • Kim, Young-Chul
    • Iberoamérica
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.37-64
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    • 2009

  • This article offers a new perspective on the maroon state of Palmares in Brazil. The present essay gives a viewpoint of decolonization in colonial period, describing decolonial aspect and Afro-Brazilian aspect of the history of Palmares. In aspects of Afro-Brazilian, the quilombo of Palmares is resistance and decoloniality of african colonialization in America and Brazil. The Quilombism was born out of quilombo model of economics and politics, in which they exercised rational productions and political system. The purpose is to review and expand upon the historical and cultural context of Palmares and on the aspect for decolonial strategies.