• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

Hydraulic habitat analysis of Benthic Macroinvertebrates was performed at Gapyeong stream. Among the kinds of the Benthic Macroinvertebrates, the most representative ones are the Ecdyonurus kibunensis from the clingers, Paraleptophlebia cocorata from the swimmers, Chironomidae spp from the burrowers, Psilotreta kisoensis iwata from the sprawlers. They showed different habitat types by the hydraulic conditions such as flow velocity, depth and particle size of riverbed materials. Habitat conditions of swimmers were determined mainly by the flow velocity rather than flow depth or riverbed materials. Burrowers prefer sand and silt, and inhabited at the riverbed. Sprawlers prefer cobble or boulder and inhabited for velocity of 0.05~0.15 m/s. Clingers prefer pebble or cobble and inhabited for velocity of 0.06~0.15 m/s. Although the habitats of each groups are different by the hydraulic properties, they were found to be different mainly by the water velocity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.97-101
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 대상 하천인 경기도 가평천에 대해 상류역, 중류역, 하류역으로 3개의 조사지점을 선정하여 각각의 수심, 유속, 하상재질 (모래, 자갈, 호박돌 등)의 구성비, DO를 측정하여 저서성 대형무척추동물의 서식처 환경을 조사하였다. 이를 통하여 대상 하천에 서식하는 저서성 대형무척추동물의 하천 유형별 서식 분포를 확인할 수 있었으며, 시기별(2007년 9월, 10월, 2008년 3월, 4월)로 하천의 수리학적 특성을 파악하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물은 유속과 수심, 하상의 재료 등 하천의 수리학적 특성에 따라 다른 종류의 무리들이 서식하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 헤엄치는 무리는 주로 유속에 의하여 그 서식영역이 결정되었고, 굴파는 무리는 하상재료가 모래나 점토인 곳을 선호하고 하상바닥이나 약간 위쪽에서 서식영역이 결정되었다. 기는 무리는 하상재료가 주로 자갈이나 호박돌인 곳을 선호하고 유속이 $0.05m/s{\sim}0.15m/s$에서 서식하였다. 붙는 무리는 하상재료가 조약돌이나 자갈인 곳을 선호하고 유속이 $0.07m/s{\sim}0.15m/s$에서 서식하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.334-344
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• 2020

A total of 24 families, 44 species, and 658 benthic macroinvertebrates were identified, and Ecdyonurus dracon Kluge (13%) was the dominant species in forested streams within the Yeonyeopsan (Mt.). A total of four habit categories (i.e., clingers (56%), burrowers (19%), swimmers (14%), and sprawlers (56%)) were identified, and clingers were the dominant habit at all survey points except point one (UP1). Habitat characteristics were depended on the hydraulic factors (e.g., flow velocity, depth, and substrates), water quality (e.g., DO and water temperature), and the habitat characteristics were differed in the riffle, which has a faster the flow velocity, compared by in the stagnant pool. In other words, in riffles, the clingers dominated in high flow velocity with the large maximum and median grain size for substrates in the habitats regardless of depth, but the burrowers and sprawlers were dominant in low flow velocity with the small maximum and median grain size for substrates in the habitats. Moreover, DO and flow velocity were in positive correlation (y = 0.6666x - 0.659, R² = 0.0851), and the habitat for burrowers was wider than that for sprawlers or clingers. The water depth was negatively correlated with water temperature (y = -26.397x + 283.87, R² = 0.1802) since the water temperature is more sensitive to insolation in shallow depth. pH was positively correlated with water temperature. The investigation of the habitat characteristics by separating the relations between pH and DO in upstream and downstream showed the low pH and high DO in the upstream with a high crown density of 68%, regardless of community composition. On the other hand, high pH and low DO in the downstream with a relatively low crown density of 51%. It was considered that the riparian forest played a role in suppressing the growth of attached algae and the controlling water temperature in headwater streams. Our findings identified the habitat characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates in a headwater stream. We expected that the finding can provide reference data for suggesting conservation and management plans in a headwater stream and increasing academic value.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2017

물리서식처 분석 하천에서 유량에 따른 수심, 유속, 기층 등의 물리서식처 조건의 변화가 서식처 적합도에 미치는 영향을 수치모의를 통하여 분석하는 방법이다. 기존 물리서식처 분석은 어류를 중심으로 수생태계 평가 및 생태유량산정 등의 다양한 하천관리 문제에 적용되었다. 어류의 경우 수생태계의 최상위 포식자이며 상대적으로 모니터링하기에 용이하고 수생태계에 빠르게 반응하고 이동 및 이주가 단기간에 나타나는 특징이 있다. 또한 상업 및 레크리에이션으로의 활용도가 높기 때문에 사회적인 이목이 어류로 집중되었다. 따라서 많은 연구들이 어류를 중심으로 물리서식처 분석을 실시하였으며, 저서무척추 동물에 대한 분석은 미흡한 실정이다. 저서무척추 동물은 어류의 중요한 먹이원이자 수생태계의 건강성을 나타내는 중요한 지표로 활용되고 있으므로, 수생태계의 통합 및 먹이사슬의 보존을 위하여 저서무척추 동물에 대한 물리서식처 평가는 중요하다. 이 연구의 목표는 하천에서의 저서무척추동물의 군집을 평가할 수 있는 서식처모형을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 저서무척추 동물을 서식기능군에 근거한 기는무리, 붙는무리, 헤엄치는 무리, 굴파는 무리로 분류하여 서식처 적합도 지수를 제하고 보철거 사례에 적용하여 모형의 검증성을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2122-2126
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• 2009

최근 나날이 강도를 더해가는 이상기후로 인하여 집중 호우의 빈발과 홍수피해가 급증함으로써 하천생태계의 서식처가 파괴되고 저서성 대형무척추동물과 같은 생태구성원의 일시적인 소멸에 의해 하천생태계의 유지가 어려워지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 흐름의 소류력에 따른 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집의 피해 및 회복 양상을 규명하기 위한 수리실험을 계획하였다. 실험수로는 400(W)${\times}$400(H)${\times}$12000(L)mm의 직사각형 단면이며, 철제틀과 투명유리로 되어있다. 실험수로는 유기물질을 제거한 cobble과 pebble로 하상을 구성하였으며, 다양한 유속의 변화에 따른 하상구성 파괴를 막기 위해 투명 플라스틱망을 이용하였다. 또한 빛에 의한 이상행동을 고려하여 직접적인 햇볕을 차단하고 자연하천과 유사한 실험 조건을 위해 인근 안성천의 원수를 이용하였다. 실험 대상종은 붙는 무리의 대표적인 동물인 두점하루살이와, 헤엄치는 무리의 두갈래하루살이를 이용하였고, 서식무리별 선호유속 및 한계유속과 피해유속을 규명하고자 계획하였다. 이와 같은 실험수로 조성의 실험 기법은 향후 인공하천 및 복원하천 조성 시 서식처 개선에 대한 생태학적 복원자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effects of sedimentation caused by highland agriculture on benthic macroinvertbrate assemblages in upper Song Stream from 2006 to 2009. The mean concentrations of water quality parameters (pH, DO, EC, TDS, TN, and TP) were gradually increasing toward downstream but ORP was decreased. Furthermore, biological habitats at lower reaches were more homogeneous and unstable due to sand deposition than those at upper sites. A total 106 species of benthic macroinvertbrates in 47 families, 11 orders, 6 classes, and 5 phyla were identified during whole field surveys. Song Stream showed great declines of overall biological attributes along its longitudinal gradients, particularly in taxa richness and abundance. Of all functional groups scrapers and clingers were most affected against the degradation of habitat quality, whereas collector-gatherers and burrowers showed the opposite case. It was found that such results had close correlations with water quality parameters and substrate composition which played an important role in structuring macroinvertebrate communities. In conclusion, this study represents that disturbance caused by highland agricultural activities had negative effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities by leading to sand deposition at adjacent stream ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of artificial disturbances occurring during water conveyance frequency on benthic macro-invertebrate by comparing and analyzing data before and after the construction of Boryeong dam in Boryeong-si, Chungcheongnam-do. We conducted the survey eight times in four points from April 2016 to September 2017. A total of 13,447 individuals from 125 species, 70 families, 19 orders, 7 classes, and 4 phyla were collected. The result of the community analysis showed that the dominant index was 0.55 (${\pm}0.07$) to 0.47 (${\pm}0.08$), diversity index was 2.06 (${\pm}0.26$) to 2.23 (${\pm}0.28$), evenness index was 0.69 (${\pm}0.05$) to 0.70 (${\pm}0.04$), and richness index was 3.43 (${\pm}0.72$) to 4.03 (${\pm}0.91$). After conveyance, the dominance decreased while the diversity, evenness, and richness increased. The result of the functional group analysis showed the portion of scrapers, filtering-collectors increased while that of shredders, gathering-collectors decreased in the functional feeding group and that the proportion of climbers and clingers increased while that of burrowers and sprawlers decreased in the habitat orientation group. The result of analysis of community stability showed that St. 1 and St. 2 decreased resistance and resilience after conveyance and new species appeared in the III characteristics group while St. 3 and St. 4 did not show much difference. The result of multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the variation of similarity was the highest at St. 1 after conveyance, and the variation of similarity at St. 4 was the lowest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.508-519
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• 2017

There have been many studies on monitoring of biodiversity changes and preservation of Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve (GFBR) in South Korea in recognition of the rare ecosystem that has been preserved for a long period. However, there are few studies on diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates as an indicator of stream health of GFBR. The purpose of this study was to assess the water quality of Bongseonsa Stream that penetrated through Gwangneung Forest and the nearby torrents by analyzing the benthic macroinvertebrates community during April to September 2016. The investigation collected a total of 114 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 56 families, 17 orders, 8 classes, and 5 phyla from the Bongseonsa Stream and Kwangneung Stream. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were the largest groups in species diversity with 30 species (32.3%) and 16 species (17.2%), respectively, and Tubificidae sp., Baetis fuscatus, Antocha KUa, and Cheumatopsyche brevilineata, which usually habit in contaminated streams, appeared frequently. Among the feeding function groups, the gatherers and hunters appeared relatively frequently, and the shredders and scrapers appeared frequently in the torrents. Among the habitat oriented groups, the clingers and burrower appeared more frequently and represented the microhabitats in the shallow areas. The result of the analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates community showed that the dominant index was $0.48{\pm}0.10$ in average while it was lowest with 0.33 in GS 8 of the Gwangneung Forest torrent and highest in BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream. The diversity and richness indices were inversely proportional to the dominant index and were 2.53 and 4.22, respectively, in GS 8 where the dominant index was low. The result of the analysis of community stability showed that area I, which had high resistance and restoration, was high in Bongseonsa Stream while the area III, which had low resistance and restoration, was high in Gwangneung Forest, indicating that the water system in Gwangneung Forest had a wider distribution of specifies sensitive to agitation. The biological water quality assessment showed ESB of $50.88{\pm}17.69$, KSI of $1.11{\pm}0.57$, and BMI of $78.55{\pm}11.05$. GS 8 of Gwangneung Forest torrent was judged to be the highest priority protective water area with the best water environment and I class water quality with ESB of 63, KSI of 0.55, and BMI of 89.9. On the contrary, BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream was judged to be the high priority improvement area that had the lowest water quality rating of III with ESB of 25, KSI of 2.13, and BMI of 62.7. Although the diversity of water beetle was higher in the water system of nearby Bongseonsa Stream than the water system inside the Gwangneung Forest, the annual community structure appeared to have distinct differences.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the environmental impact of the construction of the Yeongju Dam, located near the upper stream of the Nakdong River, on benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigation was conducted four times from 2015 to 2016 and the composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna from the four surveyed sites was compared. After the dam construction, the number of benthic macroinvertebrate species decreased and the species composition ratio of the E.P.T taxa(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) decreased, which favored the previous environment and the large riverbed structure. However, the species composition ratio of the O.C.H taxa (Odonata, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera), which favored the reservoir environment, increased. For the pattern of changes in the functional habitat groups, the proportion of 'Clinger(CL)' taxa decreased and the 'Burrower(BU), Climber(CB), Sprawler(SP), Swimmer(SW)' taxa increased in all surveys after the dam construction. A cluster stability comparison showed that the 'Stability Group II' species of St.2 and St.3 showed a drastic decrease. The average Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index(BMI) of all the survey sites in 2016 was lower than that in 2015. This research confirmed the temporal and spatial changes in the habitat type and community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates resulting from the dam construction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.714-723
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the community stability and similarity of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Giran stream between August and September 2018, and compare results to those reported by Lee (2004). As relates to the total number of species in each taxon in 2018, 45 species were additionally discovered compared to the 2003 study; the number of EPT taxa increased by 14 species and OCH taxa increased by 18 species. The diversity and richness indexes increased while the dominance index tended to decrease. According to analysis of functional feeding groups, 11 more Gathering-collector species were found, making it the highest functional feeding group with 24 species. According to analysis of functional habitat groups, 15 more clinger species were found than in the past, making it the highest functional habitat group with 41 species. A community stability comparison showed that species belonging to 'Stability Group I' had the highest stability rate at 57.1% in 2003 and 61.5% in 2018. According to the biological water quality assessment, in 2018, the average water quality level at each survey site was 'Ia' and 'Very Good' in terms of environmental conditions. As a result of the similarity analysis between the survey points for the species that appeared, two large groups of similarities were classified (similarity group 1: 2003 sites, similarity group 2: 2018 sites).