• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2001

These days, the products like Walkman, mobile phone, notebook PC, PDA are moving together with our body, and in the imaginary world like internet, our other self, Avatar is moving in place of our body on the cyber world. These products are related with our human body, and when considering the ones, attached to the human body, and having the meaning of mental combination like these, as the combination of the human and the products, it is necessary to examine these products in approaching them with respect to the combination relation between the human and the products. As a result of examining we can understand that the products, said to combine with the human body, are coming oui steadily. and recently, the inclination on the combination and the movement appears strongly. As this background, there are a breakdown of dichotomy thought, mixed sexual imitation, cyber culture, techno culture. concept of informative nomands, phenomenon which the division of human and machine becomes vague. and the miniaturization of products. imitation of human, phenomenon that the Inclination on the combination with human is more accelerated by networking. These products combine with human body at each wearing type in the various forms. Its functions become multi-layered, and closer to the human body physically. or its communication becomes high·graded and, they have the recombined form through the existing products which the human has And, they communicate each other. have the strong fashionable property, and the characteristics like the imaginary product to imitate the human body and substitute for the human behave.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.279-286
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the behavior characteristics of the L-type flange bolt connection, which is used to connect upper and lower flanges having L-type ring sections, by bolts. This connection is mainly used in domestic wind turbine structures, wherein it is a vital component as any imperfection could cause the collapse of the entire structural system. Therefore, understanding the behavior characteristics of the L-type flange bolt connection is imperative. In this study, the connection's response to external force was simulated using finite element (FE) analysis and the FE model was idealized to behave as a single L-type bolt flange. The variation in the bolt tension and the L-type flange stress were analyzed to understand the behavior characteristics of the connection. Moreover, the bolt-load function models proposed by Petersen, Schmidt/Neuper and VDI 2230, theoretically expressing a relation between bolt tension and external force, were compared to evaluate the suitability of the FE analysis and analyze the significant behavior characteristics of the connection. Furthermore, the changes in the bolt-load curve due to the variations in the partial dimensions of the L-type flange bolt connection were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the displacement characteristics in slow-moving landslide area using digital elevation model and airborne LiDAR when unpredictable disaster such as slow-moving landslide occurred. We also aimed to provide basic data for establishing a rapid, reasonable and effective restoration plan. In this study, slow-moving landslide occurrence cracks were selected through the airborne LiDAR data, and the topographic changes and the scale of occurrence were quantitatively analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the study area showed horseshoe shape similar to the general form of slow-moving landslide occurrence in Korea, and the direction of movement was in the north direction. The total area of slow-moving landslide damage was estimated to about 2.5ha, length of landsldie scrap 327.3m, average width 19.3m, and average depth 8.6m. The slow-moving landslides did not occur on a large scale but occurred on the adjacent slope where roads were located, caused damage to retaining walls and roads. The field survey of slow-moving landslides was limited by accessibility and safety issues, but there was an advantage that accurate analysis was possible through the airborne LiDAR. However, because airborne LiDAR has costly disadvantages, it has proposed a technique to mount LiDAR on UAV for rapidity, long-term monitoring. In a slow-moving landslide damage area, information such as direction of movement of cracks and change of scale should be acquired continuously to be used in restoration planning and prevention of damage.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

In order to efficiently analysis the stability of a slope, measuring the shear strength of soil is needed. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is not appropriate for a slope inspection due to cost and weights. One of the ways to effectively measure the N-value is the Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCPT). This study was performed to develop a minimized multi-function sensors that can easily estimate CPT values and Volumetric Water Content. N value with multi-fuction sensor DCPT showed -2.5 ~ +3.9% error compared with the SPT N value (reference value) in the field tests. Also, the developed multi-fuction sensor system was tested the correlation between the CPT test and the portable tester with indoor test. The test result showed 0.85 R2 value in soil, 0.83 in weathered soil, and 0.98 in mixed soil. As a result of the field test, the multi-function sensor shows the excellent field applicability of the proposed sensor system. After further research, it is expected that the portable multi-function sensor will be useful for general slope inspection.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.43
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• pp.179-209
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• 2022

In order to show the achievements of eminent monks who made great contributions to the spread and establishment of Buddhism in China, Huijiao (慧皎) compiled the Gaosengzhuan (高僧傳, Biographies of Eminent Monks) and set up ten subjects, the Shike (十科); meaning the ten rules for translating. The ten subjects served as an important framework for the Gaosengzhuan and its significance as a general history of Buddhism. This significance was further confirmed by the Xu-Gaosengzhuan (續高僧傳 The Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks), the Song-Gaosengzhuan (宋高僧傳 The Song Dynasty Biographies of Eminent Monks), and the Daming-Gaosengzhuan (大明高僧傳 The Great Ming Dynasty Biographies of Eminent Monks) which were compiled successively after the Gaosengzhuan. The ten subjects of the Gaosengzhuan underwent change in terms of the subject titles and their meanings in the subsequent versions of the Gaosengzhuan. In the Xu-Gaosengzhuan, Daoxuan (道宣) changed the titles of some subjects and added a new subject, and in the Song-Gaosengzhuan, Zanning (贊寧) gave new meanings to each subject without changing the ten subjects as they appeared in the earlier Xu-Gaosengzhuan. In the Daming-Gaosengzhuan, Ruxing (如惺) retained three of the subjects but removed seven. This evolution of formation and meaning in the ten subjects was the result of the author's deep recognition and also reflections on major changes and transitions in Buddhist history. Edification was emphasized in the Gaosengzhuan, self-discipline in the Xu-Gaosengzhuan, and wisdom and enlightenment were stressed in the Song-Gaosengzhuan. Ruxing showed that the collapse of the ten subjects reflected the decline of Buddhism. The fact that the ten subjects from each Gaosengzhuan were given different meanings demonstrates that these authors recognized Buddhist history differently. Therefore, it can be argued that the processing of Chinese Buddhist history has been reflected through each of their lens. But it is necessary to analyze and compare various aspects of each version of the Gaosengzhuan.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2016

Chrysotile is a 1:1 sheet silicate mineral belonging to serpentine group. It has been highlighted studies because of uses, shapes and structural characteristics of the fibrous chrysotile. However, it was designated as Class 1 carcinogen, so high attentions were being placed on detoxification studies of chrysotile. The objectives of this study were to investigate changes of mineralogical characteristics of chrysotile and to suggest detoxification mechanism of chrysotile by thermal decomposition. Samples for this study were obtained from LAB Chrysotile mine in Canada. The samples were heated in air in the range of 600 to $1,300^{\circ}C$. Changes of mineralogical characteristics such as crystal structure, shape, and chemical composition of the chrysotile fibers were examined by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, TEM-EDS and SEM-EDS analyses. As a result of thermal decomposition, the fibrous chrysotile having hollow tube structure was dehydroxylated at $600-650^{\circ}C$ and transformed to disordered chrysotile by removal of OH at the octahedral sheet (MgOH) (Dehydroxylation 1). Upon increasing temperature, it was transformed to forsterite ($Mg_2SiO_4$) at $820^{\circ}C$ by rearrangement of Mg, Si and O (Dehydroxylation 2). In addition, crystal structure of forsterite had begun to transform at $800^{\circ}C$, and gradually grown 3-dimensionally to enstatite ($MgSiO_3$) by recrystallization after the heating above $1,100^{\circ}C$. And then finally transformed to spherical minerals. This study showed chrysotile structure was collapsed about $600-700^{\circ}C$ by dehydroxylation. And then the fibrous chrysotile was transformed to forsterite and enstatite, as non-hazardous minerals. Therefore, this study indicates heat treatment can be used to detoxification of chrysotile.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.11
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• pp.140-149
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• 1996

Cursive characters are written on an economical principle to reduce the motion of a pen in the limit of distinction between characters. That is, the pen is not lifted up to move for writing a next stroke, the pen is not moved at all, or connected two strokes chance their shapes to a similar and simple shape which is easy to be written. For these reasons, strokes and korean alphabets are not only easy to be changed, but also difficult to be splitted. In this paper, we propose a curvature stroke modeling method for splitting and matching by using a structural primitive. A curvature stroke is defined as a substroke which does not change its curvanture. Input strokes handwritten in a cursive style are splitted into a sequence of curvature strokes by segmenting the points which change the direction of rotation, which occur a sudden change of direction, and which occur an excessive rotation Each reference of korean alphabets is handwritten in a printed style and is saved as a sequence of curvature strikes which is generated by splitting process. And merging process is used to generate various sequences of curvature strikes for matching. Here, it is also considered that imaginary strokes can be written or omitted. By using a curvature stroke as a unit of recognition, redundant splitting points in input characters are effectively reduced and exact matching is possible by generating a reference curvature stroke, which consists of the parts of adjacent two korean alphasbets, even when the connecting points between korean alphabets are not splitted. The results showed 83.6% as recognition rate of the first candidate and 0.99sec./character (CPU clock:66MHz) as processing time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2002

For the purpose of preciously describing real time traffic pattern in urban road network, dynamic network loading(DNL) models able to simulate traffic behavior are required. A number of different methods are available, including macroscopic, microscopic dynamic network models, as well as analytical model. Equivalency minimization problem and Variation inequality problem are the analytical models, which include explicit mathematical travel cost function for describing traffic behaviors on the network. While microscopic simulation models move vehicles according to behavioral car-following and cell-transmission. However, DNL models embedding such travel time function have some limitations ; analytical model has lacking of describing traffic characteristics such as relations between flow and speed, between speed and density Microscopic simulation models are the most detailed and realistic, but they are difficult to calibrate and may not be the most practical tools for large-scale networks. To cope with such problems, this paper develops a new DNL model appropriate for dynamic traffic assignment(DTA), The model is combined with vertical queue model representing vehicles as vertical queues at the end of links. In order to compare and to assess the model, we use a contrived example network. From the numerical results, we found that the DNL model presented in the paper were able to describe traffic characteristics with reasonable amount of computing time. The model also showed good relationship between travel time and traffic flow and expressed the feature of backward turn at near capacity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1994

To understand the relative contribution of varietal and environmental variation on various grain quality components in rice, grain appearance, milling recovery, several physicochemical properties of rice grain and texture or palatability of cooked rice for milled rice materials of seven cultivars(five japonica & two Tongil-type), produced at six locations of the middle and southern plain area of Korea in 1989, were evaluated and analyzed the obtained data. Highly significant varietal variations were detected in all grain quality components of the rice materials and marked locational variations with about 14-54% portion of total variation were recognized in grain appearance, milling recovery, alkali digestibility, protein content, K /Mg ratio, gelatinization temperature, breakdown and setback viscosities. Variations of variety x location interaction were especially large in overall palatability score of cooked rice and consistency or set- back viscosities of amylograph. Tongil-type cultivars showed poor marketing quality, lower milling recovery, slightly lower alkali digestibility and amylose content, a little higher protein content and K /Mg ratio, relatively higher peak, breakdown and consistency viscosities, significantly lower setback viscosity, and more undesirable palatability of cooked rice compared with japonica rices. The japonica rice varieties possessing good palatability of cooked rice were slightly low in protein content and a little high in K /Mg ratio and stickiness /hardness ratio of cooked rice. Rice 1000-kernel weight was significantly heavier in rice materials produced in Iri lowland compared with other locations. Milling recovery from rough to brown rice and ripening quality were lowest in Milyang late-planted rice while highest in Iri lowland and Gyehwa reclaimed-land rice. Amylose content of milled rice was about 1% lower in Gyehwa rice compared with other locations. Protein content of polished rice was about 1% lower in rice materials of middle plain area than those of southern plain regions. K/Mg ratio of milled rice was lowest in Iri rice while highest in Milyang rice. Alkali digestibility was highest in Milyang rice while lowest in Honam plain rice, but the temperature of gelatinization initiation of rice flour in amylograph was lowest in Suwon and Iri rices while highest in Milyang rice. Breakdown viscosity was lowest in Milyang rice and next lower in Ichon lowland rice while highest in Gyehwa and Iri rices, and setback viscosity was the contrary tendency. The stickiness/hardness ratio of cooked rice was slightly lower in southern-plain rices than in middle-plain ones, and the palatability of cooked rice was best in Namyang reclaimed-land rice and next better with the order of Suwon$\geq$Iri$\geq$Ichon$\geq$Gyehwa$\geq$Milyang rices. The rice materials can be classified genotypically into two ecotypes of japonica and Tongil-type rice groups, and environmentally into three regions of Milyang, middle and Honam lowland by the distribution on the plane of 1st and 2nd principal components contracted from eleven grain quality properties closely associated with palatability of cooked rice by principal component analysis.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.294-307
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• 2011

This experiment carried out to confirm characteristics of macrogranule (GG) for herbicidal efficacy by using remote-controlled aerial application (RCAA) to control annual and perennial weeds in rice paddy field, application methods, and application times of formulation types. Particle of 500 g GG having average diameter of 2.5~3 mm was over 85 percent, the bulk density of the particle was $0.2\sim0.4g\;mL^{-1}$ and the particle was water floating granule. Active ingredients and external form of halosulfuronmethyl+mefenacet GG remained stable under condition of storage stability test. The disintegration time of the GG was faster as the water temperature was increased. But disintegration time was not affected by pH on the water conditions. By using hand, spoon and power applicator, drift distances of GG were 4~5m, 7 m and 10~12 m, respectively. GG showed good herbicidal efficacy and plant safety in all of the application methods such as, using hand, spoon, power applicator and RCAA. Application times of GG, GR, SC and TB by hand in $4,000m^2$ were 38 min. 4 sec, 42 min. 20 sec, 38 min. 10 sec and 21 min. 4 sec, respectively, but application time of GG by using RCAA was 1 min 32 sec. According to appearance and characteristics of formulation types, suspension concentrate (SC) and GG were possible formulation types for RCAA.