• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2010

Air samples were collected and analyzed to investigate regional level of PAHs and its emission sources. The average concentrations of PAHs in the suburban (Gwanak) and in the urban (Seodaemun) area were $16.52\;ng/m^3$ and $59.1\;ng/m^3$, respectively. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and fluorene were predominant PAHs species, as their sum contributed to 55.6% and 60.8% of the total PAHs, respectively. The possible major source of PAHs was suspect to be the combustion of diesel fueled vehicles in both areas, particularly for Seodaemun.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1993

The present study was undertaken to compare the pharmacological activities of crude Lithospermi radix reported with the clinical uses in the oriental medicine. Crude Lithospermi radix uesd for the treatment of burn, eczema, blister, diuretic, scarlet fever and septicemia as antipyretic, antidotic and antiphlogistics. Therefore we tested the effects of Lithospermi radix water extract on the liver-protective activities in the rats. The results obtained from enzyme assay, measurement of serum and liver alanine. aspartate aminotransferase(ALT, AST) and lipid composition indicated that Lithospermi radix water extract showed significant liver-protective activities against benzo(a)pyrene-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

To study the combustion characteristics of forest fuel by fire intensity, the experiment of combustion characteristics on Pinus Densiflora living leaves, which is the weakest species to the forest fire, was delivered, using variables of heat flux(25 kW/$m^2$, 50 kW/$m^2$, 75 kW/$m^2$). With the equipment of Cone calorimeter, the characteristics of ignition, heat, smoke release, CO and $CO_2$ release, and mass loss were analyzed. Pinus Densiflora living leaves containing moisture of 60.66% were not ignited at the heat flux of variables 25 kW/$m^2$, 50 kW/$m^2$, 75 kW/$m^2$. In proportion to the heat flux value, heat release amount and heat release rate reached maximum value rapidly: higher variables came to the maximum by the half rapidity and the maximum value were twice higher than the former lower variables respectively. As for the smoke release, the less heat flux the variable had, the more smoke release it had, due to incomplete combustion. The release amount of CO and $CO_2$ had more maximum value as the heat flux increased and more radiant heat meaned more carbon oxide. When the forest fire breaks out, therefore, a great amount of CO and $CO_2$ will be released by Pinus Densiflora.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

Utility-Pipe Conduit is, Housing and city effectively accommodate what they absolutely need power, communications, gas, pipeline, water supply, drainage, energy facilities etc, according to expansion of urban infrastructure are derived, several ways to solve problems in, collection facilities in place are maintained and managed facility. If Utility-Pipe Conduit is damaged, as well as national security, because their impact on society as a whole, by introducing large vulnerability in the fire prevention activities and suppression measures and disaster for our situation by introducing measures, comprehensive analysis of the fire risk, it shall establish fire prevention activities and suppression through analysis of Utility-Pipe Conduit design, institutional issues, the problem of fire protection facilities, fire spread phenomenon etc. Because of Utility-Pipe Conduit is an enclosed place, so incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen supply that there are problem such dark smoke, carbon monoxide etc, toxic combustion products and heat generation and visual impairment is an issue difficult to enter. As well as fire prevention activities, the fire In light of the particularity of the under ground than above ground fire, so this phenomenon is weak fire fighting that fire to become effective fire fighting tactics, basically it is necessary difficulty softening, non-burn softening and prevent combustion expansion of the cable is installed on the Utility-Pipe Conduit, having to considering the specificity of the response command system and relevant organizations to establish an on-site, Structural identification and other information gathering required to record of Response agencies, keep air conditioning system 24 hours and strengthening Virtual Total Training of Response agen

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to study for failure examples of emission gas recirculation and air control and catalyzed particulate filter system in diesel engine vehicle. The first example, the researcher found the fact that the much engine oil came into the intake manifold causing diaphragm damage of EGR valve. The engine oil entered into combustion chamber of engine so that a car emit the polluted exhaust gas when driving. The second example, the researcher certified the sticking phenomenon of carbon and foreign substance with the throttle flap so that the exhaust fumes discharged exhaust port. The third example, the regeneration function don't activated to not detect the temperature of exhaust gas because of damage in the sensor. Thus, the researcher must meticulously manage his car not in order to take place the problem of environmental pollution.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2015

While the oxygen content of gasoline for automobiles in Korea is regulated to less than 2.3 weight %, European and World-Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC) regulate it to less than 2.7 weight %. The oxygen content of oxygen-containing materials increases the octane number of the fuel due to the secondary combustion in the internal combustion engine. It has been reported to be effective in reducing emissions, such as CO, HC, which is caused by incomplete combustion. Before 2000s in the United States and Europe, there has been many researches about vehicle application of the changes in oxygen content of gasoline. However, there are not many domestic researches which reflect the improvement of the fuel quality and automotive technology. In this study, fuels of three different oxygen contents were applied to GDI and MPI engines. As a result, the changes of fuel consumption and emission gas were very similar depends of the oxygen content changes. The PN in GDI engine was decreased as the oxygen content was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2009

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of ubiquitous organic pollutants in marine environments, are major toxic components of petroleum and are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic materials. As shipyards are located inside of natural or artificial semi-enclosed bay, even a relatively weak environmental disturbance by ship-building activity can cause severe damage to marine ecosystem in the bay. Many studies of pollution in shipyard area have been focused on the antifouling agent, like tributyltin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ship-building activity on PAH contamination. Total PAHs concentration was higher nearby and inside shipyard area than outside, implying that shipyard could be one of major source area of PAH contamination to pose harmful effects to surrounding environments. Through PAH profile and source recognition index, the source of PAHs inputs in this area was estimated to originate from both petrogenic and pyrogenic origin. PAH levels showed a significant correlation with total butyltins, indicating that ship-building activity influenced PAH concentration and distribution. Vertical distribution of PAHs historically confirmed the correlation between shipbuilding activity and PAHs contamination.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.453-465
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• 2000

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were produced by thermoreaction (incompletely combustion) of organic compounds such as fuel, gasoline, diesel etc, and were known the strong carcinogenic compounds. In our country, a study for health risk assessment of PAHs in air were needed according to rapidly increasing of motor vehicle and progressing to industrial country. In this study, concentrations of PAHs in 263 air samples of fourteen sites-Seoul, Pusan, etc-according to four times sampling for one year are measured by GC/MSD for basic research for health risk assessment. As the result, 14 PAHs are detected in all samples and annual average concentration of total PAHs was $28.72ng/m^3$ and highest average concentration of total PARs was $47.76ng/m^3$ in winter season. The concentrations of total PAHs are proportioned to amount of extracted organic material (EOM). The average concentration of total PAHs in EOM was 0.28%.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2022

In this study, Chung's equations 1, 2, and 3 were extended to standardize smoke safety rating evaluation in case of fire, and Chung's equations-V, smoke performance index-V, and smoke growth index-V were calculated. Five types of wood were selected and their smoke indices were measured using the cone calorimeter method according to ISO 5660-1. The smoke risk was graded by the smoke risk index-VI according to Chung's equation-VI. Smoke risk index-VI increased in the order of PMMA (1) ≈ maple (1.01) < ash (1.57) < needle fir (4.98) < paulownia (46.15) < western red cedar (106.26). It was predicted that maple and ash had the lowest smoke risk, and paulownia and western red cedar had the highest. The five samples' CO mean production rate (COP_mean) was 0.0009~0.0024 g/s, indicating that these woods were incompletely burned than the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) reference material. Regarding the smoke properties of the chosen woods, the smoke performance index-V (SPI-V) increased as the bulk density increased, and the smoke risk index-VI (SRI-VI) decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2014

It is very important to investigate air pollutants emissions emitted from open burning in order to control nonpoint sources effectively. In this study, we utilized incineration simulator proposed by U.S EPA and investigated emissions of CO, OC/EC, from household waste and biomass burning to estimate pollutant emissions by illegal incineration of biomass wastes. Emission factor of OC was estimated as 17.1 g/kg for rice strew, 23.5 g/kg for barley, 10.3 g/kg for corn stover, 4.3 g/kg for unseasoned wood, respectively. In case of EC, it was calculated as 1.6 g/kg for rice strew, 4.3 g/kg for barley, 1.4 g/kg for corn stover, 0.6 g/kg for unseasoned wood, respectively. Most of the pollutants emissions were emitted at the stage 1 and 2. In the stage 3, the pollutants concentration decreased gradually. To estimate emissions and build inventory for biomass burning, we need to know accurate activity data. We, therefore, used activity data of both survey results of previous study and statistical data of National Statistical Office. However, we need to perform additional experiments in the future to obtain more accurate activity data for various cases.