• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate fluoride release in the oral cavity from polymer adhesive tape which is NaF coated PVA. 45 healthy adults were divided into 3 groups by the type of topical fluoride applied: 60seconds taste$^{(R)}$ APF gel (group 1), FluoroDose$^{(R)}$ varnish (group 2) and NaF-PVA (group 3). Topical fluoride was applied to the facial surface of maxillary 12 teeth and unstimulated whole saliva was collected to measure fluoride release after 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Fluoride-sensitive electrode was used for measuring the fluoride concentration in the saliva samples. All three groups showed significantly higher value for fluoride concentration than the baseline after 1 and 3 hours (p < 0.05). After 6 hours, group 3 showed significantly higher fluoride concentration than the baseline (p < 0.05) and also showed significantly higher value for fluoride concentration than group 1 and group 2. Between group 1 and group 2, however, there was no significant difference statistically with respect to fluoride concentration value (p > 0.05).

• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2000

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.262-268
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• 2006

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of Nd : YAG laser irradiation and fluorides application on primary tooth enamel eroded by acidic drink. The materials were 30 sound primary teeth with intact smooth enamel surfaces. They were demineralized with Coca-cola at $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours and then irradiated by Nd: YAG laser with 6W power, $50mJ/cm^2$ energy density. and 20Hz pulse repetition. After laser irradiation, teeth were treated by three kinds of fluorides : (1) 0.05% NaF solution, (2) 1.23% APF gel and (3) 0.1% fluoride varnish. Diagnodent scores and microhardness (VHN) were measured before and after the each treatment. The results were as follows: 1. Diagnodent scores decreased to 23.51% from the initial after demineralization, and then increased to 37.37% after laser irradiation, and to 51.34% after fluoride treatment. There were significant differences between the total scores of initial, demineralization, laser irradiation and fluoride treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between scores after fluoride treatment according to fluoride types. 2. Microhardness(VHN) decreased to 33.58% from the initial after demineralization and then increased to 43.99% after laser irradiation, and to 51.38% after fluoride treatment. There were significant differences between the total scores of initial, demineralization, laser irradiation and fluoride treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between scores after fluoride treatment according to fluoride types.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

Fluoride released from dental restorative materials effectively declines the incidence and activity of dental caries and inhibits tooth demineralization. This study investigated the fluoride release and uptake characteristics of one composite resin $(Z-250^{TM})$ three glass ionomer-based restorative material ($Dyract^{(R)}$ AP, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$, Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$) Forty discs(6mm diameter and 1mm height) were prepared for each material. Each disc was immersed in 5ml of distilled water within polyethylene vial and stored at $37^{\circ}C$. The distilled water was changed every 24 hours and the release of fluoride was measured for 31 days. At the end of this period, each specimen was subjected to one of four treatments : (A) no fluoride treatment (control), (B) application of a fluoride dentifrice (500ppm) for three minutes three times; (C) application of the 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) foam for one minute once, (D) the same regimen as (B), plus application of the APF foam for one minute once. Then, all samples were reassessed for an additional 7 days. For all samples, the greatest fluoride release was observed after the first day of the study but diminished with time. On the 7th day of the study, fluoride release level was stabilized. Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$ released higher amount of fluoride than other materials ; however, no statistically significant difference was found from Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$. The amount of fluoride of $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$ was increased after fluoride treatment, and diminished with time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.168-171
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• 1990

This study was purposed to elucidate the migration phenomenon of fluoride from the chitinous sections into the muscle flesh of the frozen krill during thawing. The fluoride content ratio between chitinous sections and muscle flesh in the frozen krill was 94.8 : 5.2. Among the several thawing methods used, migration velocity of fluoride was the highest in the krill thawed with microwave and the lowest in the krill thawed at low temperature $(4^{\circ}C)$. The migrated amount of fluoride after thawing was various depended upon the thawing methods, and the increased amount during thawing was 2-5 times higher than Initial amount before thawing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2005

The replacement of dental restorations due to secondary caries is a continuing problem in restorative dentistry. The secondary caries can be partly prevented by using fluoride containing dental materials such as glass ionomer cement, which releases and be recharged with fluoride ion acting as a fluoride reservoir. For the purpose of investigating the behaviors of fluoride release and recharge of conventional and high viscosity glass ionomer cements, the experiment was performed on the seven specimens each from 4 kinds of materials ; 1 kind of conventional glass ionomer cement, 2 kinds of high viscosity glass ionomer cements and 1 kind of composite resin. The amount of fluoride release was measured over 7 days with pH/ion meter and fluoride specific electrode. After measuring daily fluoride release, the specimens were recharged with 2% NaF solutions for 4 minutes and measured for 3 days with recharging repeated two consecutive times. The results were as follows : 1. Significantly more fluoride was released at first day after recharge in all materials except Z-100. 2. High viscosity glass ionomer cements released more or nearly equal amount of fluoride after recharge compared with the initial release(P<0.05). 3. The fluoride release after recharge with 2% NaF solution was in order of Fuji IX, Ketac Fil, Ketac Molar, Z-100.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.329-337
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• 2015

Fluorine is an element that promotes dental caries preventive effect at proper concentration level, but may have significantly undesirable impact on dental caries if correct information of fluorine is not recognized. Therefore, this study is intended to evaluate fluorine awareness among the adults in their 20s and analyze oral health conditions based on such awareness in order to promote dental caries preventive effect and convey correct knowledge of fluorine. For this study, 82 adult men and 102 adult women in their 20s, all of whom lived in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were surveyed from May 1, 2014 to June 30 of the same year, along with oral health examination to evaluate their oral health conditions. The results of the analysis showed that 19.46% of respondents answered "No" to the question related to awareness towards the use of fluorine in DT rate dental clinic based on the degree of fluorine awareness, which was higher than 11.10% who answered "Yes"(p<.05). Moreover, 18.32%of respondents answered "No" to the question related to whether they were checking the label indicating the fluorine content in product, which was the highest rate, suggesting that the rate was higher when there was stronger tendency to avoid reading the precaution notice (p<.05). In addition, 71.98% of respondents answered "Yes" to the question associated with the awareness to the use of fluorine in FT rate dental clinic based on the fluorine awareness, which was higher than 49.04% of respondents who answered "No" (p<.05). This study is meaningful in that it provides basic data for the implementation of fluorine prevention projects in the period ahead by determining the effect of fluorine awareness on oral health conditions. Based on aforesaid results, both educational and promotional activities need to be carried out vigorously to help raise fluorine awareness.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.316-322
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• 1996

The effects of Sodium Fluoride on squamous cell carcinoma cell line(SCC-cells) cultured in vitro have been studied with respect to cytotoxicity and induction of chromosome aberrations. Cytotoxicity of NaF on SCC-cells, as determined by a decrease in colony-forming ability, linearly increased with dose of NaF(150-300 ug/ml) or exposure time (3-24h). SCC-cells treated with 30-60ug/ml NaF for 24h were analyzed for chromosome aberrations. A significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberration at the chromatid level was induced by NaF in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that NaF is a toxic substance which inhibit cell proliferation and causes DNA damage in SCC-cells cultured in Vitro.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.39 no.12 s.391
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• pp.1039-1055
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• 2001

불소의 적절한 활용을 통하여 미국인들의 구강건강이 확실하게 증진되었으며 수돗물의 인공적인 불소참가 사업은 지난 2000년 동안에 건강과학이 이룩한 가장 획기적인 건강관리 예방사업으로 인정되었다. 음료수에 불소를 적정량 첨가하여 치아우식증을 퇴치하기 위하여 적극적 예방책을 마련함으로써 치과의학의 과학적인 연구의 기틀을 확고히 하여 치과의학이 현대 건강과학의 지도적 위치를 확보하는 과정에 중요한 임무를 담당했다. 그러므로 미국의 중앙건강관리 및 예방 연구소는 정기적으로 불소사용과 관련된 연구 업적들에 대하여 관련 분야의 세계적인 학자들로 하여금 조리 정연하게 주기적으로 분석 검토하여 구강건강을 향상시킬수 있는 방안을 제시하기 위하여 불소사용법에 대한 안내서를 마련하고 있다. 미국 중앙 질병 관리 및 예방연구소는 평생을 불소에 관한 연구를 하고 있는 11명의 전문가들과 긴밀한 연락을 취하면서 22명의 과학자들과 함께 그 동안에 발표된 관계문헌 270개를 분석 검토하여 2년동안에 걸쳐 작성한 최근의 불소 사용 안내서를 지난 2001년 8월 17일 발표했다. 그 내용이 중요하고 한국의 치과의사들에게 큰 도움이 되리라고 확신하기 때문이다. CDC의 허락을 받고 한글판을 작성하게 되었다. 한국의 관심 있는 독자들의 이해를 돕기 위하여 더욱 자세한 내용을 알고자 하는 분들이 실무진에 참여한 연구자들 및 과학자들과 직접 접촉할 수 있도록 그들의 직책과 현재의 소속을 밝혔으며 이 안내서에 사용된 문헌 270개 참고문헌 전체를 소개한다

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.423-427
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• 2008

지하수 중에 함유된 불소이온을 제거하기 위한 흡착제로 상용의 음이온교환수지(PA), 란탄산화물(La) 및 수산화아파타이트(HAp)를 선정하고 각각의 흡착특성을 회분식 실험을 통해 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) PA, La 및 HAp의 불소흡착은 Fruendlich isodtherm model 및 Pseudo-second-order kinetics model과 일치하는 거동을 보였다. 2) D-R model로부터 구한 흡착에너지는 9.66$\sim$12.90 kJ/mol로 이온교환메커니즘을 나타내는 흡착에너지 6$\sim$16 kJ/mol의 범위에 속하였다. 3) Van't Hoff 식에 이용하여 구한 ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ 및 ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$값은 각각 3.40$\sim$89.28 kJ/mol과 -12.26$\sim$-13.76 kJ/mol의 범위를 보여 모두 흡착과정이 발열반응이며 자발적으로 일어나는 조건임을 알 수 있었다. 4) PA는 pH 6$\sim$8인 중성영역에서 가장 높은 불소 제거율을 보였으며, La과 HAp는 산성영역으로 갈수록 불소 제거율이 증가하는 특성을 나타내었다. 5) 불소에 대한 흡착선택성은 La$\geq$HAp>PA 순으로 높았으며, La의 경우 불소를 제외한 모든 음이온에 대한 흡착능이 없을 정도로 불소에 대한 흡착 특이성을 보였다.