• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.787-789
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 별도의 센서를 부착하지 않고 영상만을 이용하여 실시간으로 손 형상을 인식하는 알고리즘에 대해 기술한다. 손은 형상이 매우 복잡하기 때문에 2차원 형상의 불변량에 해당하는 에지의 방향성 히스토그램을 이용하여 인식을 행한다. 이 방법은 복잡한 배경에서 색상정보를 이용하여 손 영역이 정확히 추출되면 계산량이 적고 조명변화에 덜 민감하기 때문에 실시간 손 형상 인식에 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 손의 형상제시 방향이 변하는 경우에도 인식을 가능하게 하기 위해 주성분 분석법을 사용하여 인식오차를 줄이는 방법을 기술한다. 이 방법을 사용함으로써 손 형상이 3차원적으로 회전에 의해 변하는 경우도 인식가능하게 되었다. 실험부분에서 제안하는 방법을 이용하여 가정용 가전제품이나 게임을 제어하는 실시간 휴먼 인터페이스 시스템 제작기술로 활용될 수 있음을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07d
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• pp.1811-1812
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• 2006

본 논문은 공간상에서 움직이는 다중신호원의 신호 도달 방향 추정과 신호원이 보낸 신호를 다중 센서 어레이를 이용하여 판별하는 문제를 다룬다. 일반적으로 정지하고 있는 신호원의 방향 추정은 어레이에서의 출력 방정식의 방향 벡터들이 시불변인 상수이기 때문에 잡음환경 하에서도 샘플링된 벡터(Snapshot) 수가 늘어날수록 훨씬 정확하게 방향 추정이 가능하지만 신호원이 움직이는 경우에는 신호원의 방향이 변하게 되어 결국 어레이 방정식의 방향 벡터들이 시변이므로 추정값의 분산(variance)이 커지게 되어 정확한 추정이 어렵게 된다. 이러한 경우에 대한 정량적인 분석 예는 드물어 실제 여러 가지 추정 기법들의 특성이 어떻게 나타나는지 가늠하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 경우에 대한 시나리오 예를 설정한 후 이 시나리오에 따른 랜덤 가우시안 잡음 하에서의 수치 데이터 모델을 생성하여 수신기에서는 미지의 값인 이 데이터에 대해 기존의 DOA 추정 기법을 이용하여 추정을 수행하여 그 정량적인 결과들을 계산해 봄으로써 시변인 경우에서의 그 성능을 판단해 보기로 한다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

The environment exploration is an essential process for indoor robots such as clean robot and security robot. Apartment house and office building has common frame structure, but internal arrangement of each room may be slightly different. So, it is more convenient to use a common frame map than to build a new map at every time the arrangement is changed. In this case, it is important to recognize invariant features such as wall, door and window. In this paper, an indoor mobile robot is implemented, and by using the laser scanner data and line segment histogram with respect to segment orientation and distance, an environment exploration method is presented and tested. This robot is fitted with a laser scanner, gyro sensor, ultra sonic sensor and IR sensor, and programed with C language.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.52-55
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• 2013

본 논문은 Boosted Random Ferns 기반의 회전 불변 얼굴 검출 방법을 제안한다. 기존 Random Ferns 의 경우 특징값을 추출할 때 임의로 선택한 두 픽셀의 밝기값 비교를 통하여 이진 특징값을 추출한다. 이 경우 해당 픽셀의 밝기값에 잡음이 포함되면 특징값이 부정확하게 추출되는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 임의로 두 블록을 선택하고 해당 블록내 밝기값의 평균을 비교하여 이진 특징값을 추출하였다. 또한 픽셀 위치를 임의로 선택하여 ferns 를 구성하였던 기존의 방법 대신 최고의 분류 성능을 가지는 fern 들을 이용하여 분류기를 구성하기 위해, AdaBoost 의 방법을 Random Ferns 에 맞게 변경하였다. Boosted Random Ferns 를 트리 구조의 cascade 노드에 방향과 각도에 따라 배치하여 연산 속도를 향상시키고 false-positive를 줄이는 효과를 보았다. CMU Rotated Face Database 를 사용하여 평가하였을 때, 기존 Random Ferns 는 false-positive 의 수가 57 개 일 때 66%의 검출률을 보인 반면, Boosted Random Ferns 는 false-positive 의 수가 45 개 일 때 88%의 검출률을 보였다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

Over-sampled discrete wavelet transformation is one way to overcome the disadvantages of the standard wavelet transform of shift invariance even though it increases the number of subband signals. Non-separable based discrete wavelet transform is efficient that it satisfies shift invariance and directional selectivity. In this paper, since efficient over-sampled wavelet transform is possible in a two-dimensional image processing, we show that the proposed method is well applied with performance improvement of digital image and noise removal.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.85-105
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• 2006

This article aims to conserve greenbelts by adopting the national trust approach. This article reviews the current issues and problems in managing greenbelts in Korea. And this article redefines the function of greenbelts, and then suggests the new principles of management strategies of greenbelts. Greenbelts is to provide green open space for urban residents and to contain urban sprawl not to reserve lands for the future urban development. This article proposes basic principles for the effective management of green belts. They include (1) preserving environmental value, (2) maximizing public access to open space and environment resources, and (3) enhancing public-participation and collaboration among different groups and organizations for the management of greenbelts. These principles are closely related to those of national trust movement. This article suggests the government to adopt national trust approach (organization, funding, site selection criteria, legislation) to improve the environmental-friendly conservation and management of greenbelts in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to design semantic web and policy direction for national knowledge and information management. The paper describes all the components needed to accomplish the objective: 1) creating unchangeable and unique identifiers for metadata elements, resources, and ontology classes and properties; 2) recommending active use of XML namespaces; 3) establishing metadata and application profile standards for national integrated searching; 4)developing a metadata registry to promote semantic interoperability among metadata; 5) discussing the need of creating ontologies using W3C OWL and ISO Topic Maps; 6) providing intelligent search services based on metadata; and 7) presenting future directions and tasks of national knowledge and information management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm which cognize hand pose in real time using only image. Hand recognizes using edge orientation histogram which comes under a constant quantity of 2D appearance because hand pose is intricate. This method suit hand pose recognition in real time because it extracts hand space accurately, has little computation quantify, and is less sensitive to lighting change using color information in complicated background. Method which reduces recognition error using principal component analysis method to can recognize through hand shape presentation direction change is explained. A case that hand shape changes by turning 3D also by using this method is possible to recognize. Besides, principal component space creation time is reduced remarkably because edge directional data is used.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.239-273
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• 2018

There have been many topics in gamer research on gamers' game addiction, education, and psychological interest. This paper investigates how to perceive the virtual environment of gamers based on James Gibson 's theories of cognitive science. Gibson's theory is not a stimulus input through individual sensory receptors, but rather a learning process such as establishing a cognitive relationship between perceptual systems, external invariant property separation, behavioral learning, invariant property separation of events, selectiveism development. Based on this analysis tool, I collected and verified gamers' perception of game environment of by FGI survey method. The results of the analysis showed that Gibson 's perceptual learning process was perceived as a virtual environment as in reality, and there was also perceptual difference found only in games. Patterned perception develops in the direction of classifying invariant properties appearing in the game based on the purpose of the game. In this study, it can be seen as a result of the research that FGI interview can be summarized as patterning (typification) perception process based on the goal consciousness of gamers. But,The results of the study suggest that the psychological analysis of the gamer can not be presented by the FGI results alone. In the future, we need a model study to confirm the causality and the verification through statistical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to define criteria for landscape restoration of palace gardens. The case study on Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung was used not only to evaluate effectiveness of the criteria, but also to propose solutions to issues of current restoration process of both palace gardens. Following three pairs of different concepts were chosen as criteria to determine on the original form: Diachrony vs. Synchrony, Originality vs. Contemporary Characteristics, and Invariance vs. Deformability. Gyeongbokgung has been restored based on its contemporary characteristics of Year 1888 and the main focus is on its architectural features rather than both architecture and landscape. However, in-depth complementary work on landscape restoration is necessary to restore its originality in Year 1395 such as analyzing photos of Gyeongbokgung taken in modern era. In case of Changdeokgung, we analyzed separately by region or landmark such as Jondeok-Pavilion(尊德亭), Yeonkyung-Hall(演慶堂), and Okryu-Stream(玉流川). Original form of Jondeok-Pavilion Area was changed in 1884. Since diachronic invariance that lasted for 240 years is more important criterion than its contemporary characteristics, it should be restored as how it was painted in Donggwoldo(東闕圖). In Yeonkyung-Hall Area, both original characteristics at the time of Hyomyung Crown Prince and contemporary characteristics of Emperor Kojong Era appear. Therefore, different solution is required for such area to be restored appropriately. Starting from era of King Injo(1636), diachrony and invariance of Okryu-Stream Area were continued throughout the era of King Sukjong and King Jeongjo(1800). It is more than 250 years before Okryu-Stream Area was altered under the rule of Emperor Kojong in 1884. In fact, alterations made to Okryu-Stream Area after 1884 doesn't hold much significance. Therefore, water landscape of Okryu-Stream Area, which was altered in the era of Emperor Kojong, needs to be restored based on Donggwoldo.