• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

Objectives: Chronic insomnia disorder is a common and one of the most distressing sleep disorders. This pilot study was conducted to compare the spatial function between insomnia disorder patients and good sleeping control. Methods: We enrolled the 22 patients with chronic insomnia during over one year who met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of insomnia disorder and 27 normal sleeping controls. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) has been performed to compare the spatial cognitive function between insomnia disorder patients and good sleeping controls. Results: The CANTAB results showed significant differences in the problems solved in minimum moves of Stockings of Cambridge test (t = -2.499, p = 0.017). The significant difference between two groups remained after controlling age, sex, and Beck Depression Index non-sleep scores (F = 5.631, p = 0.022). Conclusion: This study suggests that the patients with insomnia disorder have poor spatial planning function.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a screening tool that is simple and easy to use for assessing sleep problems, including hypersomnolence, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia. We also examined the reliability and validity of this tool. Methods: We developed the Sleep Problem Screening Questionnaire (SPSQ), which consists of three sub-sections: insomnia (SPSQi), hypersomnolence (SPSQh), and restless legs syndrome (SPSQr). Subsequently, the participants, consisting of 222 patients with insomnia disorder and 78 healthy individuals, completed both the SPSQ and the comparative scale (Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index). The analysis was then conducted using this data. Results: The SPSQ demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, as well as satisfactory internal consistency. A cutoff score of 6 on the SPSQi was found to be optimal for distinguishing individuals with insomnia. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the SPSQ is a reliable and valid tool for screening sleep problems among general adult population. However, there is a limitation as a comparison and validation with scales related to restless legs syndrome and hypersomnolence were not conducted.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.153-178
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• 2009

隨著文明的發達, 強度越來越大的夜生活使現代人的睡眠經常不能維持身體生理之所需. 可見, 對維持現代人的健康所需的睡眠的重要性, 不可隨便看過. 近來, 西醫學提出, 睡眠對於生命體起著恢複元氣的功能機能. 心臟從人出生到死亡, 始終搏動不已. 這一心臟的搏動, 實際上亦有緩急之差, 人的感情愈是安定, 心搏便愈會緩慢而安寧. 一般人在睡眠時, 其意識也會處於休息狀態, 結果心情得到鎮定, 心搏也變得安定, 從而使心臟也得到相應休息. 人的神志活動的物質基礎爲血, 而血的生成則是在中焦完成的. 肝藏血的功能是與心主血的功能相關的重要機能, 肝藏血是在人睡臥時形成的. 這種與血有關的心, 肝, 脾的相關性在神志活動中亦會有所表現, 而寤寐亦可看做是神志活動的一部分. 所謂睡眠是指意識活動停止的休息狀態, 屬於生命的基本現象, 乃人體生存的不可缺少的一個方面, 而活動狀態則爲相反的概念, 亦即生命的休息狀態. 至於睡眠障礙, 大致可分不眠和嗜眠兩類. 關於心臟與睡眠的相關性, 若心臟采取休息的睡眠時間有所減少, 將引起心臟的過勞, 結果可誘發心臟病的發作. 就象自然界中存在晝夜一樣, 人體也存在著寤寐, 這說明人也是自然的一部分, 只有晝間活動夜晚睡覺, 才是順應於自然的生命規律.

• 보건세계
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• v.51 no.11 s.579
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• pp.36-37
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• 2004

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 1974

When the nomal silkworms reached active time of 3rd instar stage both non-moulting larva and normal silkworms from the same rearing tray were collected and fixed. The silkworms in 4th instar stage whose growth was as dwarfish as those in 1st and 2nd instar stages were also collected and fix with the normal silkworms. Non-moulting larva and normal silkworms were morphologically compared and the examined results from the tissue inspection are summarized as follows： 1. In spite of the fact that the normal silkworms reached the active eating time of 3rd instar stage non-moulting silkworms were dwarfish as if they had been reared for two days. Non-moulting silkworms which were observed at the time of 4th instar stage showed no much difference in their growth. 2. There was the tendency that the exuvial gland as was shown in Fig. 1 and 2 was flat cyslidium of ellipse and its size at thorax was small shile the gland at abdomen was big. 3. The exuvial gland at thorax has been reported to be bigger at thoracic base than at dorsal vessel but according to the present it was examined to be irregular. 4. The size of exuvial gland of silkworms in the active eating stage of 3rd instar was from 151.3${\mu}$ (major axis) to 94.5${\mu}$ (minor axis) at prothorax and from 568.6${\mu}$ (major axis) to 495.1${\mu}$ (minor axis) at 7th abdominal segment. The sire oe exuvial gland of non-moulting silkworm was 57.5${\mu}$ (major axis) to 51.3${\mu}$ (minor axis) at prothorax and from 91.5${\mu}$ (major axis) to 75.5${\mu}$ (minor axis) at 5th abdominal segment (see Fig. 1) 5. When the normal silkworms reached 4th instar active eating stage its exuvial gland was compared to that of dwarfish silkworm. The result was that the size of normal silkworm at prothorax was from 252.2${\mu}$ (major axis) to 131.6${\mu}$ (minor axis) and the size of exuvial gland at 7th abdominal segment was from 691.5${\mu}$ (major axis) to 493.4${\mu}$ (minor axis) while the sire of exuvial gland of non-moulting at prothorax was from 71.4${\mu}$ (major axis) to 61.5${\mu}$ (minor axis) and the size of the non-moulting silkworm's 8th abdominal segment was from 94.6${\mu}$ (major axis) to 71.5${\mu}$ (minor axis) (See Table 2) 6. There was a remarkable difference in the from of exuvial gland of non-moulting silkworm. The size of alveolar of the non-moulting silkworm was many times larger compared to that of normal silkworm 7. There was no great difference between secretory cells of normal and non-moulting silkworms but the granular type exuvial gland was small in sire compared to that of normal silkworm.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2020

Objectives : Firefighters are always under stress due to their job environment, and they are likely to become psychologically vulnerable due to continuous exposure to traumatic events, which is a stressful situation that requires emergency standby at all times. The aims of this study were to examine mental health factors for each division of firefighters and to see the relationship between sleep and somatization symptoms among them. Methods : General characteristics and related inspections were conducted through self-reporting questionnaires for 1,264 firefighters working at Chungbuk fire stations. Several mental health factors were investigated by the Insomnia Severity Index, Severity of somatic symptoms, Impact of Event Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Resilience Scale, Alcohol Dependent Screening Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Depression Scale and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results : Among the mental health variables, the relationship between insomnia and somatization varies significantly depending on types of work. It was reported that the first aid team was significantly higher than the fire suppression and rescue team. Post-traumatic stress, depression and drinking also differ significantly depending on types of work. The first aid team reported more posttraumatic stress than the fire suppression team and more depressed mood than the rescue team. The administration part had more alcohol consumption than the fire suppression or first aid team. Resilience was significantly higher in the rescue team than the first aid team. No significant differences between the types of work about stress and suicide risks. Insomnia, stress, and post-traumatic stress were significant predictors of somatization among firefighters. Above all, insomnia was significant mental health variable affecting somatization. Conclusions : Various mental health factors were different according to the types of work in firefighters. The First aid team was more vulnerable to mental health variables such as insomnia and somatization than other divisions. Insomnia is the most important cause of somatization in firefighters, so it is recommended that they be treated for insomnia and to prepare institutional policies.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic factors associated with geriatric depression and insomnia and to examine the effects of these factors on depression. Methods : The severities of insomnia and depression in elderly aged 60 and older lived in Gwangmyeong city were evaluated and the related sociodemographic factors were investigated. From April 20, 2016 to December 1, 2016, Gwangmyeong city Mental Health Sevices consignment by department of psychiatry of a university-affiliated general hospital conducted surveys and interviews for total 837 elderly peoples lived in Gwangmyeong city by visiting welfare center and wards located in the city. Structured interviews were conducted using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) and Short form-Geriatric Depression Scale(S-GDS) to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the severities of insomnia and depression. Results : There were significant differences in S-GDS mean scores and age(below 70 years old, 70s, 80s, above 90 years old), type of health care(health insurance, medical aid), type of residency(own, not own) and marital status(single, married, divorced or widowed).There was a significant difference in education level, especially between not educated(and/or) elementary graduates and college graduate(F=3.227, p=0.012). Also, there were significant differences in age, type of health care, type of residency, number of household on divided S-GDS score above and below 10 scores(p<0.05). Insomnia measured by ISI was not significantly associated with sociodemographic factors(p>0.05), but was significantly associated with depressive symptoms(p<0.05). These findings suggest more severe insomnia symptom indicated the higher probability of depression and elderly with depressive symptoms had more severe insomnia. Conclusions : Geriatric depression has significant relationships with age, type of health care, type of residency, marital status, education and number of households. In addition, insomnia which is main symptom of depression in elderly, has important role in predicting the severity and diagnosis of depression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2000

This study has been designed and performed to identify the effect on insomnia patients according to th injection of herbal medicine induced from Sanjoincho.The result of the injection shows as follows.1. Total duration of sleeping time showed 1.1500${\pm}$1.5433 hours of increase. (p〈0.01, respectively)2. Delaying time before the onset of sleep showed 0.8158${\pm}$1.3251 hours of increase in sleep onset insomnia(p〈0.05, respectively)3. The wake times showed 1.375${\pm}$1.4079 times of decrease in sleep maintenance isomnia. (p〈0.05, respectively)

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.305-309
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• 2006

본 논문은 고금(古今)의 명의(名醫)들이 수면(睡眼) 이상에 대해 진행한 치료에 대해 조사함으로써, 수면(睡眼)과 오장(五臟)과의 관계에 대해 고찰하려 하였고, 임상 의안(醫案)의 관점에서 현대의 의학통계학을 이용하여 고금(古今)의 명의(名醫)들 중에서 부합 되는 조건의 질병의 의안(醫案)에 대해 약물의 귀경(歸經)을 통계를 내어, 각종 수면(睡眼) 이상에 사용한 약물 중에 어떤 한 가지 증상을 치료함에 있어서 어떤 한 가지 장부(臟腑) 계통에 응하는 특정한 규칙이 있는지 없는지를 분석하였다. 그 결과 임상에서 불면(不眼) 등의 증상을 치료할 때 사용하는 약물 중에 모두 비위(脾胃) 계통, 심(心) 계통에서 빈도수가 가장 높아서 1, 2위를 차지하였고 , 간(肝)은 3위를 차지하였고 , 또한 그 다음의 4, 5 위의 폐(肺), 신(腎)과 비교하여 현격한 차이를 보였는데 , 불면(不眼)은 간(肝)과 더욱 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알게 되었으며 , 이에 수면(睡眼)은 비위(脾胃), 심(心), 간(肝)과 밀접한 관계가 있다.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.363-384
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• 1997