• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.612-618
• /
• 2004

Stereoscopic PIV measurements were made in the wind tunnel with the actual size waterjet model. The main wind tunnel provides the vehicle velocity while the secondary wind tunnel adjusts the jet issuing velocity. Experiments were performed at the range of jet to vehicle velocity ratio (JVR), 3.75 to 8.0 and the Reynolds number of 220,000 based on the jet velocity and the hydraulic diameter of the waterjet intake duct. Wall pressure distributions were measured for various JVRs. Three dimensional velocity fields were obtained at the inlet and outlet of the intake duct. It is found that severe acceleration is occurred at the lip region while deceleration is noticeable at the ramp side. The detailed three dimensional velocity fields can be used as the accurate velocity input for the CFD simulation. It is interesting to note that there are many different types of vortices in the instantaneous velocity field. It can be considered that those vortices are generated by the corner of rectangular section of the intake and Gortler vortices due to the curved wall. However, typical secondary flow with a pair of counter rotating vortex pair is clearly seen in the ensemble averaged velocity field.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.33.1-33.1
• /
• 2010

BiFeO3 (BFO)는 강자성과 유전체 특성을 모두 구현할 수 있는 재료로서 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. BFO 박막을 제조하는 방법에는 sputtering, chemical solution deposition, pulsed laser deposition methods 등이 알려져 있으나, 이러한 방법들은 근본적으로 고 진공을 사용하거나, 고온에서의 열처리, 낮은 성막 속도 등의 문제점이 있어, 상온에서 비교적 쉽게 박막을 제조할 수 있는 Aerosol deposition에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 BFO의 강자성, 강유전 특성을 향상시키기 위해 Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BCN)를 첨가한 Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BFO-BCN) 복합재료를 합성하였다. 합성한 마이크론 크기의 입자를 사용하여 나노 결정립 크기의 Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BFO-BCN) 박막을 상온에서 진공 분말 분사 공정(Aerosol-Deposition)을 이용하여 제조하고, 강자성 및 강유전성 특성을 평가하였다. Aerosol deposition방법으로 제조된 BFO-BCN박막은 BFO박막에 비해 우수한 강자성과 강유전 특성 나타내었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2015

This study is to investigate the spray behavior of DME-LPG blended fuels in common rail injection system for diesel engines. The visualization experiment was performed to analyze the macroscopic spray behavior of test fuels. In addition, the experiment using BOS(Background Oriented Schlieren) method is performed to compare liquid phase and gas phase. The test fuels are injected in high pressure chamber. The ambient pressure of high pressure chamber was formed by nitrogen gas. Spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area were measured using high speed camera. SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) and spray particle velocity were measured using the PDPA(Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) system to analyze the microscopic properties of test fuels. The results of this experiment showed that spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area of DME-LPG fuels are similar to those of DME fuel. When compared to results of experiment using BOS, significant differences of spray tip penetrations, spray cone angle and spray area are showed because of gas phase. The results of experiment using BOS method showed higher values. SMD of DME-LPG blended fuels is smaller than that of DME fuel. Velocity of DME-LPG blended fuels is faster than that of DME fuel.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2004

$Al_2O_3$, SiC reinforced Al matrix composites were fabricated by centrifugal spray casting method and their wear resistance characteristics have been studied. Particles are generally uniformly distributed in the microstructure of as-cast specimens. In order to investigate the effect of secondary deformation, hot rolling was performed for each specimen of pure Al matrix composites with a reduction of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, respectively. Microstructure of specimen showed that particle distribution density and hardness increased because of increasing of reduction ratio. Wear test with a various sliding velocity of 1.98, 2.38, 2.88 and 3.53m/sec showed that the wear resistance characterization of composite improved remarkably compared to the normal alloy and performs without reinforced particles. Microstructural observation for the worn surface of pure Al specimens without particles showed that a change in wear mechanism seemed to separate layer by surface fatigue. In other case of Al composite reinforced with $Al_2O_3$ and SiC, the grinder type of wear mechanism was shown.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2010

This research focused on the spray and distribution characteristics of urea solution by applying flow visualization techniques and did durability and driver test on injectors as well. The spray characteristics of urea solution was observed by CCD camera. Also, the distribution characteristics of urea solution was evaluated quantitatively as well by using 3D laser scanner equipment. It was considered that it was reasonable to use the injector for gasoline engine in order to inject the urea. The best distribution chart result was observed near 45cm distance difference between catalyst and urea spray injector. As a result of trapped urea distribution chart analysis, optimal pressure and volumetric flow rates of air and urea were derived in order to improve the distribution of Urea. This information may contribute to provide fundamental data in the future.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2006

This study investigates a heavy duty diesel engine with swept vol. 12.6L, 4cycle-OHC type to verify the effects of the performance and exhaust gas emission according to the variable specifications of both swirl ratio and flow coefficient in inlet port, combustion bowl and fuel injection system. To meet the high BMEP and stringent exhaust emission standard, a turbocharger with wastegate and an intercooler were installed in the engine. Helical port, major design parameters for combustion chamber and electronic fuel injection pump with 1,000bar were reviewed and applied. Confirmation tests were also performed to meet the target value, $NO_x$ 5.0g/kWh and PM 0.1g/kWh of Euro3 exhaust emission legislation. The results of this study show that not only is it effective to use a relatively bigger bowl size for controlling rapid burning condition due to the decreased in-bowl swirl, but also to use a concave cam with double injection rates to decrease $NO_x$.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.185-188
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 정밀여과용 관형 분리막 모듈 내에 자체 설계한 기체분사형 노즐을 장착하여 막오염 감소 효과에 따른 투과유속을 측정하였다. 원료 용액으로는 0.1 wt% yeast 입자를 사용하였으며 공기 주입에 따른 막오염 감소 효과를 확인하기 위하여 공기를 주입하지 않은 경우와 주입한 경우의 투과유속을 비교 분석하였다. 공기를 주입하지 않았을 경우 투과유속은 지속적으로 감소하였지만 공기를 주입할 경우 투과유속은 공기를 주입하지 않은 경우와 비교하여 30% 이상 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

The spray prepared for direct fuel injection into cylinder is of great importance in a DISI(Direct Injection Spark Ignition) engine. The interaction between air flow and fuel spray was investigated in a steady flow system embodied in a wind tunnel to simulate the variety of in-cylinder flow conditions in the DISI engine. The Mie-scattering images presented the macroscopic view of the liquid spray fields interacting with cross-flow Particle sizes of fuel droplets were measured with phase Doppler anemometer(PDA) system. A faster cross-flow field made SMD larger and $D_10$ smaller. The atomization and evaporation processes with a DISI injector were observed and consequently utilized to construct the database on the spray and fuel-air mixing mechanism as a function of the flow characteristics.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study is to analyse the spray characteristics according to the injection duration under the ambient pressure condition, and the injection timing in the visualization engine. In order to investigate the spray behavior, we obtained the spray velocity using the PIV method that has been an useful optical diagnostics technology, and calculated the vorticity from spray velocity component. These results elucidated the relationship between vorticity and entropy which play an important role in the diffusion process for the early injection case and the stratification process for the late injection case. In addition, we quantified the homogeneous diffusion rate of spray using the entropy analysis based on the Boltzmann's statistical thermodynamics. Using these method, it was found that the concentration of spray droplets caused by the increase of injection duration is more effective than the increase of momentum dissipation. We also found that the homogeneous diffusion rate increased as the injection timing moved to the early intake stroke process and BTDC $50^{\circ}$ was the most efficient injection timing for the stratified mixture formation during the compression stroke.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2005

The injector, which is used in a 4-valve gasoline engine, is required to be maintained the dual stream because of the design of dual intake port. In addition, the spray characteristics of fuel injector have strong influence on engine performance, exhaust emission, fuel consumption, and especially the cold start condition for the port injection. So, commercial gasoline injectors off different type were inspected. Those are 2 hole,4 hole, air shroud 4 hole, and air shroud 4 hole injector with separator. The spray behavior of dual stream was researched by the visualization system and PDPA system was employed to measure the droplet size. Atomization is one of the most important characteristic, so droplet size distributions and SMD are investigated. And the spray characteristics of each injector are also analyzed such as the spray tip penetration, spray angle, and separation angle.