• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the colonization rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in neonates by different clinical characteristics, to presume the origin of MRSA acquisition, and to identify the risk factors associated with MRSA colonization. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,733 neonates admitted to Seoul Eulji hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2008 and December 2011. Nasal, inguinal and rectal swab specimens were obtained upon admission and each week until discharge. We classified the route of MRSA acquisition as; hospital associated (HA-MRSA) and community associated (CA-MRSA) according to the case definition. Results: Among 1,733 neonates, 415 (23.9%) were colonized with MRSA. Gestational age, birth weight, delivery type, maternal antibiotics usage before delivery, birth place and care place before admission were influencing factors in colonization of MRSA. The colonization rate was significantly high in neonates without maternal prophylactic antibiotics use before delivery than in the other group (relative risk 2.77, 95% CI 1.88-4.07; P<0.01), and outborns showed higher MRSA colonization rate compared to inborns (relative risk 2.28, 95% CI 1.17-4.42; P=0.015). Conclusion: We identified the neonatal MRSA colonization rate to be 23.9%. We estimated HA-MRSA colonization rate to be 10% (51/511) and CA-MRSA colonization rate to be 36% (309/858). We ascertained that risk factors in MRSA colonization in neonates were prophylactic use of antibiotics in mothers and the birth place.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 1988

The postnatal changes of taurine in human breast milk were examined. Breast milk samples were collected at 3-5 th day and 30 th day after delivery. Taurin content of colostrum and mature milk was 424n mole/ml and 294.4n mole/ml, respectively, The content of taurine was slight decrease during breast- feeding.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-289
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• 2009

Perineal laceration commonly occurs due to dilation of the birth canal at the time of foaling in primiparous mares. A 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with faecal contamination of the external genitalia. She was having history of constant straining three days after the mare's first foaling. Physical examination revealed the tearing extended from the deep part of vagina through muscles of the perineal body involved rectal floor and anal sphincter. Tentative diagnosed was third-degree perineal laceration therefore one-stage surgical procedure and a modified surgical procedure at three-week intervals was performed. During postoperative care for 3 weeks, soft faces was a key factor in success. After 3 weeks, the patient was recovered to normal condition completely.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.456-461
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• 2011

최근 홀스타인 경산우는 체격이 대형화함과 동시에 유전적 개량에 의해 비유량이 증가하고 있으나, 비유량이 증가하는 한편, 번식성적의 저하가 전 세계적인 문제로 되고 있다. 미국의 경우, 젖소의 첫 인공수정 수태율은 1951년의 약 65%에서 1996년 약 40%까지 저하하였다는 보고도 있다(Butler 등). 또한 영국에서도 과거 25년간에 수태율이 약 50%에서 35%까지 저하하여 40%를 밑돌고 있으며(Cook 등), 일본의 경우도 마찬가지로 북해도 젖소의 첫 수정 수태율은 40%를 밑돌고 있다는 것으로 미루어 우리나라의 경우도 이와 유사한 성적이나 좋지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 더구나 수태율의 저하와 아울러 분만간격(평균공태일수)는 매년 연장되고, 현재 고능력 젖소에서 번식 성적의 향상은 해결과제로, 세계각국에서는 번식성적저하의 요인 및 대책에 대한 많은 연구가 이뤄지고 있다. 따라서 고능력 젖소에서 유량, 부(負, -)에너지 균형 및 BCS 등이 번식성적에 미치는 영향 등에 대해 국내 외의 수집 논문, 자료 등을 정리하여 대동물임상수의사들에게 도움을 주고자 소개하고 저 한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1989

In this study longitudinal of the taurine content in the human milk of 23 Korean lacto-ovo-vegetarian women was studied during the lactating periods of the 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th and 150th day after delivery. The results of the study on primiparae and multiparae studied separately are as follows: 1) The taurine content of the primiparae per 1ml of human milk was 356.1nmole on the 15th day, 238.6 nmole on the 30th day, 249.6 nmole on the 60th day, 148.7 nmole on the 20th day, and 139.6 nmole on the 150th day. There was a significant decrease in the measns. 2) The taurine content of the multiparae per 1ml f human milk was 401.6 nmole on the 90th day, 189.9 nmole on the 120th day, and 159.8 nmole on the 150th day. There was a significant decrease in the measns. 2) The taurine content of the multiparae per 1ml of human milk was 401.6 nmole on the 15th day, 342.3 nmole on the 30th day, 273.2 nmole on the 60th day, 248.6 nmole on the 90th day, 189.9 nmole on the 120th day, and 159.8 nmole on the 150th day. There was a significant decrease in the measns. The multipareas had higher taurine content in every lactating period than the primiparae but there was not a significant difference. The correlation between the changes durinig lactating periods and the taurine content was negative. The correlation coefficient of the primiparae was -0.641 and that of the multiparae was -0.753. The overall correlation coefficient of the primiparae and the multiparae is -0.644, decreasing significantly up to the 150th day.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.9C
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• pp.729-734
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• 2010

In the initial stage of the communications between a base station and a satellite transponder, the base station transmits the frequency-sweeping un-modulated up-link carrier within a certain frequency range to acquire the doppler frequency shift and signal power between the base station and the satellite in orbital flight. The satellite transponder acquires and tracks the carrier in order to initialize the communication. To control such initialization process, the satellite receiver should analyze the input carrier signal in various ways. This paper presents an SNR estimation algorithm to control the initialization process. The proposed algorithm converts the input signal into the baseband polar coordinate representation and estimates the SNR via the statistics of the angular signal components as well as the status parameters to control the receiver. The Monte-Carlo simulations shows the validity of the estimation proposed.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the reproductive and growing performances in sow farms located in Chungnam. Data collected from a total of 15 sow farms divided into 3 farm groups for 1 year were analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; The average of sow at small and large farms were 114.25 and 487.88 heads, respectively. And then, the difference among 3 groups in sow farm was not found significantly in farrowing rate. The significant difference among 3 farm groups was significantly found(p<0.05) in total litter size. The litter size born alive at sucking in small sow farm and middle farms were 9.93, and 10.48 pigs. The difference between small and large farms in number of pigs at weaning were significantly shown 8.89, and 9.35 pigs(p<0.05), respectively. The difference among 3 sow farms for ages at weaning showed significantly (p<0.05). The cycles of farrowing rate per year in small, large and middle farms were 2.17, 2.23 and 2.32, respectively. The significant difference among 3 sow groups was found in farrowing rate(p<0.05). The growing rate up to weaning for middle farms was significantly the higher level(94.70%) than that for other farms(p<0.05). The differences among 3 farm groups for marketing weight were not significantly shown.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.696-705
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• 1994

This study was done to provide a basis for home health care management for women following Cesarean delivery. Furthermore it was initiated as an possible application of home health care in the future. In this study, client selection criteria was developed by the researcher and assessment tools for home health care, recording system and problem oriented recording system were revised from Jun's(1993) methods. The selection criteria tool for home health care for women who had a Cesarean delivery was structured and consisted of five areas : physical status, functional status, psychological-emetional status, educational needs status and environmental status. The structured assessment tool consisted of general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before ad-mission, laboratory results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of women and their newborns. The visit note consisted of the date : nursing problems : nursing process including initial assessment : nursing goals : visit plan : health status of the postpartum women and their newborn : nursing diagnoses : nursing implementation evaluation : summary : next visit plan and revision. The problem oriented recording system consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnoses, problem appearance date, problem resolution date. The results of the research are as follows : The seven cases having had a Cesarean delivery were discharged on an average on the 5th day after the Cesarean birth. The total number of home visits was 13. According to Cordon's functional health patterns the total possible nursing diagnoses was 34 diagnoses for the methers and their newborns. Among the 34 diagnoses, there were 13 diagnoses in the health perception /management pattern, 7 in the psychosocial health perception / management pattern, 8 in the psychosocial self-perception, 2 in the nutrition / metabolism pattern of physical function, 2 in the knowledge deficit of newborn management, anxiety related to newborn management, knowledge deficit related to disease process of new-born, anxiety related to disease process of newborn anxiety related to prognosis of baby's condition, knowledge deficit related to newborn jaundice each appeared once. The changes in the number of nursing diagnoses was related to not the number of visits but to the number of nursing diagnoses decreasing. The con-tent of the home health care was categorized ac-cording to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care. The recommendation based on the results of this research are Home health care nurses for Cesarean postpartum women and their neonates requires comprehensive knowledge of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period and of the neonate so that they can provide appropriate care and holistic views. Most of cases terminated after the second visit, this outcome may be related to the subjects being discharged on the 5th day after delivery. Therefore, study done with earlier discharge after delivery may have different outcome. It is very hard to assess psychological aspects that need follow-up and to develop communication channels.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.229-235
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• 1985

This study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation and statistical analysis on the 88 women with histopathologically confirmed ectopic pregnancies who were admitted and treated from grand opening on May-28, 1983 to Sept.-30, 1985. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 22.2 deliveries and the most common age group was in 30~34 years of age. There was tendency of decreasing incidencies as the gravidity, panty or artificial abortion were over 3. The most common etiologic factor was pelvic inflammatory disease and procedures for family planning were the next common. Common symptoms were lower abdominal pain (85.2%) and vaginal spotting (56.8%). At the admission, hemoglobin level under 10gm% were 44.3%, 69.5% of urine HCG tests were positive. Culdocentesis was positive only in 75.9%. Termination was frequent at 6 ~ 7 weeks of gestation mostly with rupture or abortion. Free blood in the abdominal cavity was averaged 1,224 ml. 4 cases of clinicobiochemically suspected ectopic pregnancies with spontaneous regression were excluded, and there was no fatal case treated in hospital.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2011

Purpose: This study identifies research trends and provides fundamental data related to curative power of aromatherapy to relieve pain in Korea. Methods: The study analyzed 44 experimental studies on humans that were published in Korea before the end of December, 2009. The key words used for searching were: aroma, aromatherapy, hyang-yobeob, hyanggi-yobeob, hyanggichilyo, aromatherapy and pain, headache, scapulodynia, omodynia, feeling uncomfortable in the perineal region, sense of pain, labor pains, arm pain, menstrual pain, aches, and dysmenorrheal. Those words were found on websites, including those for Korea Education & Research Information Service, the National Assembly Library, KISS, KoreaMed, and NDSL. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that most of essential oils to relieve pain is composed of three to four kinds of oils, including Lavender, Roman chamomile, Rosemary, and Clarysage. Aromatherapy is applied usually by means of massage (50%), inhalation (13.6%), or a combination of the above two (13.6%). Measuring instruments as a dependent variable include VAS, questionnaire, GRS, blood pressure, pulse, and Algometer. Aromatherapy plays an important role in soothing headaches and arthralgia. However, when it comes to labor and menstrual pain, it doesn't seem to be effective. Conclusion: The study found that different kinds of oil, frequencies, and periods of time are used for the same symptoms. Further research should employ standardized oil blending, application, duration, and measuring instruments, and more systematically analyze the effects of aromatherapy to establish the effects on relieving pain.