• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.836-843
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• 2014

The infrastructure of North Korea has serious problems such as stability, usability, and durability because the facilities were built a long time ago. In recent years, the infrastructure improvement of North Korea has emerged as the important issue to preparing for reunification. However, there are no research institutions about the infrastructure in South Korea as well as the experts for operating or constructing the infrastructure. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose the military use of infrastructure in North Korea by analyzing various data. The facilities such as road, railroad and electricity has been focused in this study. In the future, if the more specific data regarding condition and problems in each facility are collected, the more detailed military use of the infrastructure of North Korea can be suggested.

• Maritime Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-135
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• 2023

The North Korean military's maneuver toward Honam was the fastest maneuver the North Korean army had demonstrated during the Korean War, and it was a threatening attack that forced the Korean and Allied forces to fully adjust the defenses of the Nakdong River. However, when this study analyzed the North Korean military's maneuver toward Honam in terms of indirect approach strategy, there were a number of factors that inevitably led to its failure. In terms of implementing the indirect approach strategy, the North Korean military cited a number of failure factors, including the dispersion of combat forces, the inflexibility of changing the line of operation, the maneuvering of ground forces, and the lack of psychological distaction. However, the North Koreans were preparing for a final "surprise attack," in which the 7th Division, which was following the North Korean 6th Division, took another diversion and attempted to attack in the direction of Tongyeong. With this, the North Koreans intended to break through the Nakdong River defenses and head for Pusan. However, the North Korean attack was ultimately thwarted by the Korean Navy and Marine Corps' Tongyeong Amphibious Operation. With a swift maneuver using the sea as a maneuvering space, the Navy and Marine Corps occupied key points first, creating an advantageous situation and fending off an attack by the North Korean 7th Division. The Navy and Marine Corps' Tongyeong Amphibious Operation finally thwarted the North Korean military's maneuver toward Honam, thus maintaining the Nakdong River defenses.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

Under the economic banner of "self-reliance," North Korea has focused on hydro and thermal power as its main energy supply sources. However, in the face of extreme energy penury caused by machinery and material supply instability in the wake of the collapse of the former communist block as well as equipment aging and deterioration due to floods and other disasters, North Korea and international aid organizations are increasingly turning their attention toward energy source diversification. In particular, renewable energy is recognized as the best strategic energy source for North Korea and it is a decentralized energy option that is suitable in light of North Korea's power distribution networks and its pursuit of self-reliance. Biogas can contribute to improving the human rights situation of North Koreans in conjunction with an increase in food production. For this reason, renewable energy is the most promising option for an energy source that is likely to secure humanitarian aid from international organizations such as the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP). However, the implementation of such humanitarian aid has been hampered by rising concerns about the diversion of provided energy materials for military purposes and the disguised introduction of dual use items strategic materials as well as UN Security Council resolutions and sanctions of the international community against North Korea's military provocation, including nuclear tests and missile launches. This paper explores the possibility of solving this dilemma and proceeding with the humanitarian aid to North Korea by evaluating the potential for sanction and the risk of diversion of the possible products for biogas-related aid on the basis of the list of UN-sanctioned items.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2016

We take it for granted that strong sides defeat weaker counterparts, while predicting the outcome of the battles. But in modern war, we can find plenty of evidence that weak sides won against the strong. This phenomenon can be understood logically by the fourth-generation war theory. the North Korean does not give up its unification strategy, which is unification by force, even though its inferior power. It is continuing various political, social and military levels of provocations toward both the international community and South Korea. Recently, North Korea did nuclear test, launched ICBM test, provoked the DMZ, and expecting to continue the provocations of the fourth-generation war level. We have to understand the nature of North Korea's fourth-generation war threats and provocations that it is focusing on. Based on this, have a new understanding of the value of the Homeland Defense Reservists as fundamental measures as the fourth-generation war threat and supplement related systems. We can firmly refuse the balance of power and power shift of the Korean Peninsula through improved Homeland Defense Reservists. As the expected North Korea's the fourth-generation war threats, our Homeland Defense Reservists is a firm will of conduct war, and political-social-economic-military means, it is possible to display as the best alternative.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2016

This article reviewed the status of military force on the DMZ(demilitarized zone) without any confidential problems after literature reviewing on a ceasefire agreement and these powerful military force is judged to be a very serious setback to peaceful reunification of the Korean Peninsula. Also it suggests the ways to reduce inter-korean military force based on the political and economic phenomenon to preparing for an era of reunification of the Korean Peninsula. The easing of tension on the inter-korean military force is an essential element in building infrastructure of peaceful reunification. From now on, both Seoul and Pyongyang might check inter-Korea exchange cooperation Project and reconcile their differences. Primarily, The troops of DMZ would be minimized by Modernization for Military confidence-building. Increasing North-South hotline as possible further, it could contributes to ease of tension in case of emergency. Political and economic plans should be presented that do not arise the military tension simultaneously with ensuring political and economic aspects in the North Korea's regime.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2023

Along with the 4th Industrial Revolution, the impact of "unmanned" is affecting all fields around the world, and in particular, in the military sector, "unmanned" is so important that it occupies a part of the main combat system. Recently, the South Korean military is facing a crisis due to the North Korea's UAV incident that invaded our airspace and descended to Seoul. In response, the South Korea military declared its willingness and countermeasures to capture and destroy North Korea's UAV. However, as the technological development of UAV continues and the utilization plan is expanding, the countermeasures for UAV at the current level can be useless. Also, the threat from North Korea is not just UAV. North Korea has practically a nuclear power and is set to conduct its seventh nuclear test, and its missile technology is also being advanced, with 38 arounds of 67 missile tests conducted in 2022 alone. It is also developing five key strategic weapons that can pose a fatal threat to Korea, and North Korea's strong conventional forces are located around the NLL(Northern Limit Line), and the port of Long Range Artillery is facing the Seoul metropolitan area. It is important to respond to North Korea's UAV threats, which are now receiving much attention, but it will be necessary to comprehensively analyze and clearly prioritize North Korea's threats and use a limited budget to respond to them.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.221-244
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the gifted education system in North Korea. The study analysed various literature, articles, and internet resources concerning education in general and gifted education in North Korea. The findings of the study are as follows: First, in recent years North Korea has emphasized gifted education to advance the level of science and technology, especially in the field of information technology and computer science. Second, North Korea already introduced the gifted education system by establishing music schools, foreign language schools, art schools, dance schools, and athletics schools in 1960. Third, North Korea has established special schools for the gifted in science since 1984. The schools play an important role in advancing the country's science and technology. Fourth, in North Korea there are special courses in colleges and universities for the gifted in various fields. Fifth, North Korea has implemented the consistent and interrelated system of gifted education from kindergarten level to higher education level.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Countries such as the United States, Russia, and Europe are developing and operating UAVs for various purposes, including stealth UAVs. North Korea is also operating unmanned aerial vehicles, and it is presumed that it is continuously flying south of the demarcation line to obtain information on the national security zone, but it is difficult to detect and neutralize it effectively. Therefore, this paper analyzed the military UAV development trends and military radar specifications in Western countries such as the United States and communist countries such as Russia, China, and North Korea through literature research. In addition, based on the investigation of the AESA radar-based UAV response system in the country, not only general responses but also countermeasures such as direct strike and electromagnetic pulses to North Korean UAVs that cannot be jammed were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.23-25
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 차세대 무인 군사 로봇에 활용할 수 있는 적군 및 아군 식별 수단으로 군복의 색깔을 이용한 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 전장지역의 군사로봇이 할 수 있는 피아식별법 중에 하나로 로봇에 부착되어 있는 카메라 외에 추가적으로 가져야 하는 장비가 필요 없기 때문에 추가비용 없이 효과적으로 적군을 포착할 수 있다. 군복의 색깔 차이를 식별하기 위해서는 먼저 HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradients) 기법을 이용하여 사람을 검출한 다음, 이후 검출된 사람영역에 대하여 인체 비율을 고려해서 추출한 상의 부분의 색깔 데이터를 받는다. 이때 색공간은 HSV 공간으로 하여 조명의 변화에 덜 민감하도록 하였다. 북한 군복 색깔 영역의 pixel들만 추출하여 이진화를 한 후, 상의 전체 픽셀에 대한 개수 비율을 계산한다. 비율이 임계값 보다 높을 경우 적으로 인식한다.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.5
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• pp.173-202
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• 2007

After successful nuclear tests Pakistan launched a more severe surprise attack toward India than before. It is highly possible that North Korea will adopt this Pakistan military strategy if it is armed with nuclear weapons. The North Korean forces armed, with nuclear bombs could make double its war capability through strengthening aggressive force structure and come into effect on blocking reinforcement of the US forces at the initial phase of war time. Therefore we may regard that Pyongyang's nuclear arming is a major one of various factors which increase possibility of waging a conventional warfare or a nuclear war. North Korea's high self-confidence after nuclear arming will heighten tension on the Korean Peninsula via aggressive military threat or terror toward South Korea, and endeavor to accomplish its political purpose via low-intensity conflicts. For instance, nuclear arming of the Pyongyang regime enforces the North Korean forces to invade the Northern Limit Line(NLL), provoke naval battles at the West Sea, and occupy one or two among the Five Islands at the West Sea. In that case, the South Korean forces will be faced with a serious dilemma. In order to recapture the islands, Seoul should be ready for escalating a war. However it is hard to imagine that South Korea fights with North Korea armed with nuclear weapons. This paper concludes that the Pyongyang regime after nuclear arming strongly tends to occupy superiority of military strategy and wage military provocations on the Korean Peninsula.