• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.743-749
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• 2010

This paper proposes a derating design method for improving system reliability by using a probabilistic approach. In the proposed design, the focus is upon system levels in determining derated levels of stresses such as temperature and current, unlike recent design approaches that focus on component levels. System reliability is evaluated using component reliability metrics that are given as functions of time and unknown stresses; this evaluation is based on a series system-reliability model. The variation in stress, which was not considered in previous derating designs, is introduced in the present design to account for the uncertainty in both environmental and operating conditions at the customer' hands. Optimization problems for system reliability improvement are formulated and solved using FORM to determine the best derating design. An example of a derating design for an electrical system shows the details of the proposed method and its applicability to systems design for reliability improvement.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1760-1765
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• 2007

This paper shows a derating design approach for LED reliability improvement. The LED is widely used in display devices or circuits. The main failure of interest is defined as 100% reduction of the light output intensity of LED resulting from corrosion due to stresses, i.e. temperature and humidity. The lifetime is varied according to the stress levels under where the LED operates so that correlation of the lifetime to these stress levels over time is modeled through accelerated life testings. A derating design approach to accomplish a required reliability level of LED is proposed to determine adequate the stress levels. In the approach, $B_{10}$ life, Failure rate, Sensitivity Analysis of LED are used as a reliability metric.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.753-756
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• 2003

현재 대부분의 설문조사는 전화나 팩스, 길거리 설문, 전문 사이트 등을 이용한 자료 수집을 통해 설문 대상자의 의견이나 성향을 분석하고 평가를 한다. 본 논문에서는 서버의 부하를 경감시키고 설문 의뢰자들의 요구를 충족하면서 설문 대상자에게 편리한 설문조사 환경을 제공하여 설문 응답률을 향상시킬 수 있는 효율적인 온라인 리서치 시스템을 설계하였다.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

This paper presents a derating design approach for reliability improvement of a regulator IC. The IC is usually used in SMPS. The main failure mechanism of interest is voltage drop due to the package delamination mainly caused by two stresses, i.e. temperature and current. The lifetime under stresses is modeled as a function of stresses and time using accelerating life testings. Quantitative and qualitative variation in lifetime according to stress variations are investigated using the modeled lifetime. Stress levels would be determined to achieve required reliability levels in the aspect of derating design for reliability.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2003

.Ports are usually designed as a dead en port. With an increasing tendency of ship size, the problems such as maneuvering difficulty, turning basin, tugboat fee, etc. are getting to be pointed out. For solving such problem, the conversion of the idea fro dead end port to one-way through port is encourage. To examine the advantage of one-way through port, a quantitative and systematic analyzing procedure is needed. For this, this paper evaluated the preference on the three way of departture using the fuzzy measure and integral model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

Recently, the usage of the satellite is increased more and more in the areas that are communication, weather, marine, optical, radar etc. The functions of the Satellite are evolving from passive transponder to active transponder by the developing of a technology. Advanced countries in satellites install the DCAMP for increase of bandwidth efficiency, improvement of QoS by interference rejection. DCAMP includes many digital components in order to implement functions. Thus, these kinds of active transponders consume much more power compared to passive transponder and then increase the heat. In this paper, we discuss the TVAC test result of DCAMP in EQM(Engineering Qualification Model) level. The paper shows the test results of digital gain control in order to verify DCAMP status under the TVAC test. In addition, the temperature and heat condition of main components from viewpoint of derating will be treated through the official environment test for qualification.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.647-657
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• 2015

To investigate a method for calculation of the heating load for environmental designs of horticultural facilities, measurements of total heating load, infiltration rate, and floor heat flux in a large-scale plastic greenhouse were analyzed comparatively with the calculation results. Effects of ground heat exchange and infiltration loss on the greenhouse heating load were examined. The ranges of the indoor and outdoor temperatures were $13.3{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$ and $-9.4{\sim}+7.2^{\circ}C$ respectively during the experimental period. It was confirmed that the outdoor temperatures were valid in the range of the design temperatures for the greenhouse heating design in Korea. Average infiltration rate of the experimental greenhouse measured by a gas tracer method was $0.245h^{-1}$. Applying a constant ventilation heat transfer coefficient to the covering area of the greenhouse was found to have a methodological problem in the case of various sizes of greenhouses. Thus, it was considered that the method of using the volume and the infiltration rate of greenhouses was reasonable for the infiltration loss. Floor heat flux measured in the center of the greenhouse tended to increase toward negative slightly according to the differences between indoor and outdoor temperature. By contrast, floor heat flux measured at the side of the greenhouse tended to increase greatly into plus according to the temperature differences. Based on the measured results, a new calculation method for ground heat exchange was developed by adopting the concept of heat loss through the perimeter of greenhouses. The developed method coincided closely with the experimental result. Average transmission heat loss was shown to be directly proportional to the differences between indoor and outdoor temperature, but the average overall heat transfer coefficient tended to decrease. Thus, in calculating the transmission heat loss, the overall heat transfer coefficient must be selected based on design conditions. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the experimental greenhouse averaged $2.73W{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}C^{-1}$, which represents a 60% heat savings rate compared with plastic greenhouses with a single covering. The total heating load included, transmission heat loss of 84.7~95.4%, infiltration loss of 4.4~9.5%, and ground heat exchange of -0.2~+6.3%. The transmission heat loss accounted for larger proportions in groups with low differences between indoor and outdoor temperature, whereas infiltration heat loss played the larger role in groups with high temperature differences. Ground heat exchange could either heighten or lessen the heating load, depending on the difference between indoor and outdoor temperature. Therefore, the selection of a reference temperature difference is important. Since infiltration loss takes on greater importance than ground heat exchange, measures for lessening the infiltration loss are required to conserve energy.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.6-12
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• 2002

건설구조재료의 70~80% 이상을 차지하고 있는 콘크리트는 지금까지 강재와 더불어 중요한 건설재료의 지위를 점하고 있으며 지구온난화 방지, 자연환경파괴 방지 등의 지구환경문제와 깊은 관련이 있는 재료이기도 하다. 앞으로 21세기에 있어서도 이러한 콘크리트가 많이 사용되기 위해서는 자원의 고갈이나 에너지의 유한성, 지구환경과의 조화나 환경부하의 저감 등을 고려한 설계, 시공 및 제조기술이 더욱 요구되는 실정이다. 이에 자원의 유효이용이나 환경문제를 의식한 재료의 활용을 도모함과 동시에 해체ㆍ처분에 따른 문제점을 경감시키고 건설용 자원의 소비를 줄일 수 있도록 콘크리트 구조물의 장수명화를 도모하는 등의 노력이 필요하다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.236-249
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 높은 직업적 작업부하(Work stress)에 노출되어 있는 경찰들이 사 용하는 개인보호장비를 대상으로 사용자 중심의 설계기준에 기초한 인간공학적인 분석과 개선을 통하여 경찰의 임무수행도의 향상은 물론 직업에 따른 신체적인 안전과 건강의 향상을 도모하는데 있다. 주요 연구대상 장비는 방석복, 헬멧, 방패였으며, 개선의 주요 사항으로는 장비별 무게의 경감, 열압박의 감소와 통풍성의 향상, 사용성과 안전성을 향 상시킨 재질과 구조적인 개선을 가져왔으며 개선안에 대한 시제품을 제작하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2015

This paper shows that design, manufacture and the performance of FC-NIC (fibre channel network interface card) for network unit configuration which is based on one of the 5 main configuration items of the common functional module for IMA (integrated modular Avionics) architecture. Especially, FC-NIC uses zynq SoC (system on chip) for host load reductions. The host merely transmit FC destination address, source memory location and size information to the FC-NIC. After then the FC-NIC read the host memory via DMA (direct memory access). FC upper layer protocol and sequence process at local processor and programmable logic of FC-NIC zynq SoC. It enables to free from host load for external communication. The performance of FC-NIC shows average 5.47 us low end-to-end latency at 2.125 Gbps line speed. It represent that FC-NIC is one of good candidate network for IMA.