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A Study on Satisfaction and Evaluation of Students현 Spot-Practice in Department of Food and Nutrition (식품영양학과 학생들의 현장실습 만족도 및 평가도에 관한 연구)

  • 최미경;전예숙;홍원주;김순경;김동희;김애정;강명화;김미현
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.373-380
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate satisfaction and evaluation degree of students' spot-practice in department of food and nutrition and to investigate relating factors to them for development of spot-practice Programme. The survey for analysis was conducted through the questionnaires to 229 students finished internship. Proportions of the students were 93.9% for senior, 93.9% for female. Proportions of spot-practice facilities were 38.9%, 46.7%, and 14.4% for school, business & industry, and hospital respectively. The major part of subjects (83.8%) took part in spot-practice during 2 weeks. The satisfaction scores to spot-practice were the lowest for pay, and the highest for a kind of spot-practice facilities. The evaluation scores were the lowest for 'I made a plan and prepared my work in advanced', and the highest for 'I did my best for doing my work'. The satisfaction score in hospital was significantly lower than those in school or business & industry. The satisfaction score in self-operated foodservice was significantly higher than that in contract managed one. However, there no significant differences in evaluation scores by foodsevice employment type. In the case of coincidence of area in spot-practice and residence, or facilities of spot-practice and job desired, the satisfaction and evaluation scores were significantly higher than those of others. The period of spot-practice was significantly positively correlated with satisfaction scores for atmosphere of spot-practice facilities, service and treatment for spot-practice student, while negatively correlated with evaluation score for 'I did my best for doing my work'. The spot-practice pay was significantly positively correlated with satisfaction and evaluation scores for various items. In conclusion, various factors are related to satisfaction and evaluation degree of spot-practice students, and consist concern and support from college St university, foodservice institution, and government for systematic spot-Practice are required.

Factors influencing the axes of anterior teeth during SWA on masse sliding retraction with orthodontic mini-implant anchorage: a finite element study (교정용 미니 임플랜트 고정원과 SWA on masse sliding retraction 시 전치부 치축 조절 요인에 관한 유한요소해석)

  • Jeong, Hye-Sim;Moon, Yoon-Shik;Cho, Young-Soo;Lim, Seung-Min;Sung, Sang-Jin
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.339-348
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    • 2006
  • Objective: With development of the skeletal anchorage system, orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) assisted on masse sliding retraction has become part of general orthodontic treatment. But compared to the emphasis on successful anchorage preparation, the control of anterior teeth axis has not been emphasized enough. Methods: A 3-D finite element Base model of maxillary dental arch and a Lingual tipping model with lingually inclined anterior teeth were constructed. To evaluate factors influencing the axis of anterior teeth when OMI was used as anchorage, models were simulated with 2 mm or 5 mm retraction hooks and/or by the addition of 4 mm of compensating curve (CC) on the main archwire. The stress distribution on the roots and a 25000 times enlarged axis graph were evaluated. Results: Intrusive component of retraction force directed postero-superiorly from the 2 mm height hook did not reduce the lingual tipping of anterior teeth. When hook height was increased to 5 mm, lateral incisor showed crown-labial and root-lingual torque and uncontrolled tipping of the canine was increased.4 mm of CC added to the main archwire also induced crown-labial and root-lingual torque of the lateral incisor but uncontrolled tipping of the canine was decreased. Lingual tipping model showed very similar results compared with the Base model. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that height of the hook and compensating curve on the main archwire can influence the axis of anterior teeth. These data can be used as guidelines for clinical application.

A Study on the Expression of Connexin 43 in the Experimental Tooth Movement of Rat (백서의 실험적 치아이동시 connexin 43의 발현에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Jeong-Hyeon;Kang, Kyung-Hwa;Lee, Jong-Jin;Kim, Eun-Cheol;Kim, Sang-Cheol
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.31 no.5 s.88
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    • pp.525-534
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    • 2001
  • Bone remodeling in response to force requires coordinated actions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and periodontal ligament cells. Coordination among these cells may be mediated, in part, by cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of gap junction, connection 43 In periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat's incisors, by LSAB(labelled streptavidine biotin) immunohistochemical staining for connexin 43. Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and 6 experimental groups(24 rats) where 75g of force was applied from helical springs across the maxillary incisors. Rats of experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And the tissues of a control group and experimental groups were studied immunohistochemically. The results were as follows : 1. In control group, the expression of connexin 43 was rare in gingiva, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament, and bone cells. 2. In experimental group, the expression of connexin 43 was increased in pulp, periodontal ligament, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, comparing to that in control. And it was rare in gingiva, dentin, and odontoblasts regardless of the duration of force application, which was not different from that of control group. 3. The expression of connexin 43 in pulp of experimental group began to increase in 4-day after force application and got to the highest degree at 7-day. And it decreased after 14-day to be similar to that of control group at 28-day. 4. The expression of connexin 43 in periodontal ligament was noted in small capillaries adjacent to alveolar bone, showing higher intensity of immunolabelling after 4-day And it was stronger in the pressure side than in tension side of periodontal ligament. After 7-day, decrease in connexin 43 expression was observed. 5. The expression of connexin 43 in alveolar bone began to increase 1-day, reached to the highest degree at 4-day, and decreased at 7-day. And the expression in osteoclasts was more than that in osteoblasts or osteocyte at 7-day.

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The Status of North Korean Airspace after Reunification (북한 공역의 통일 후 지위)

  • Kwon, Chang-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.287-325
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    • 2017
  • Considering the development of aerospace, military science and technology since the 20th century, the sky is very important for the nation's existence and prosperity. The proverb "Whosoever commands the space commands the world itself!" emphasizes the need for the command of the air. This essay is the first study on the status of airspace after reunification. First, the territorial airspace is over the territory and territorial sea, and its horizontal extent is determined by the territorial boundary lines. Acceptance of the present order is most reasonable, rather than attempting to reconfigure through historical truths about border issues, and it could be supported by neighboring countries in the reunification period. For peace in Northeast Asia, the reunified Korea needs to respect the existing border agreement between North Korea and China or Russia. However, the North Korean straight baselines established in the East Sea and the Yellow Sea should be discarded because they are not available under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is desirable for the reunified Korea to redefine the straight baselines that comply with international law and determine the territorial waters up to and including the 12-nautical mile outside it. Second, the Flight Information Region (hereinafter "FIR") is a region defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (hereinafter "ICAO") in order to provide information necessary for the safe and efficient flight of aircraft and the search and rescue of aircraft. At present, Korea is divided into Incheon FIR which is under the jurisdiction of South Korea and Pyongyang FIR which is under the jurisdiction of North Korea. If North Korea can not temporarily exercise control of Pyongyang FIR due to a sudden change of circumstances, it is desirable for South Korea to exercise control of Pyongyang FIR, and if it is unavoidable, ICAO should temporarily exercise it. In reunified Korea, it is desirable to abolish Pyongyang FIR and integrate it into Incheon FIR with the approval of ICAO, considering systematic management and control of FIR, establishment of route, and efficiency of management. Third, the Air Defense Identification Zone (hereinafter "ADIZ") is a zone that requires easy identification, positioning, and control of aircraft for national security purposes, and is set up unilaterally by the country concerned. The US unilaterally established the Korea Air Defense Identification Area (KADIZ) by the Declaration of Commitment on March 22, 1951. The Ministry of Defense proclaimed a new KADIZ which extended to the area including IEODO on December 13, 2013. At present, North Korea's military warning zone is set only at maritime boundaries such as the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. But in view of its lack of function as ADIZ in relations with China and Russia, the reunified Korea has no obligation to succeed it. Since the depth of the Korean peninsula is short, it is necessary to set ADIZ boundary on the outskirts of the territorial airspace to achieve the original purpose of ADIZ. Therefore, KADIZ of the reunified Korea should be newly established by the boundary line that coincides with the Incheon FIR of the reunified Korea. However, if there is no buffer zone overlapping with or adjacent to the ADIZs of neighboring countries, military tensions may rise. Therefore, through bilateral negotiations for peace in Northeast Asia, a buffer zone is established between adjacent ADIZs.

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A Study on the Legislative Guidelines for Airline Consumer Protection (항공소비자 보호제도의 입법방향)

  • Lee, Chang-Jae
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.3-51
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    • 2017
  • From a historical point of view, while the Warsaw Convention was passed in 1924 to regulate the unified judicial responsibility in the global air transportation industry, protection of airline consumers was somewhat lacking in protecting air carriers. In principle, the air carrier does not bear any obligation or liability when the aircraft is not operated normally due to natural disasters such as typhoon or heavy snowfall. However, in recent years, in developed countries such as the US and Europe, there has been a movement in which regulates the air carriers' obligation to protect their passengers even if there is no misconduct or negligence. Furthermore, the legislation of such advanced countries imposes an obligation on the airlines to compensate the loss separately from damages in case the abnormal operation of the aircraft is not caused by force majeure but caused by their negligence. Under this historical and international context, Korea is also modifying the system of aviation consumer protection by referring to other foreign legislation. However, when compared with foreign countries, our norm has a few drawbacks. First, the airline's protection or care obligations are mixed with the legal liability for damages in the provision, which seems to be due to the lack of understanding of the airline's passenger protection obligation. The liability for damages, which is governed by the International Convention or the Commercial Act, shall be determined by judging the cause of the airline's liability in respect of the damage of the individual passenger in the course of the air transportation. However, the duty to care and the burden for compensation shall be granted to all passengers who feel uncomfortable with the abnormal operation regardless of the cause of the accident. Also, our compensation system for denied boarding due to oversale is too low compared to the case of foreign countries, and setting the compensation amount range differently based on the time for the re-routing is somewhat unclear. Regarding checked-baggage claim, it will be necessary to refund the fee only from the fact that the baggage is delayed without asking whether there is any damage occurred from the delayed baggage. This is the content of the duty to care, which is different from the current Commercial Act or the international convention, in which responsibility is different depending on whether the airline takes all the necessary measures in order to prevent delaying of the baggage. The content of force majeure, which is a requirement for exemption from the obligation to care passengers on the airplane, shall be reconsidered. Maintenance for safe navigation is not considered to be included in force majeure, and connection to airplanes, airport conditions are disputable. According to the EC Regulation, if the cause of the abnormal operation of the airline is force majeure, the airline's compensation obligation is exempted but the duty to care of airline company is still meaningful. Furthermore, even if the main role of aviation consumer protection is on an airline, it is the responsibility of government agencies to supervise the fulfillment of such protection obligations. Therefore, it is necessary for the Korean government to actively take measures such as enforcing incentives for airlines that faithfully fulfill their obligation to care and imposed penalties on the contrary.

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Role of Growth Factors and Cytokines on Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (Bleomycin 유도 폐 섬유화에 있어서 성장인자 및 Cytokine의 역할)

  • Lee, Yong-Hee;Jung, Soon-Hee;Ahn, Chul-Min;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Cho, Sang-Ho
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.871-888
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    • 1997
  • Background : It is now thought that the earliest manifestation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is alveolitis, that is, an accumulation of inflammatory and immune effector cells within alveolar walls and spaces. Inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages and resident normal pulmonary tissue cells participate through the release of many variable mediators such as inflammatory growth factors and cytokines, which contribute to tissue damage and finally cause chronic pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. This study was performed to investigate the source and distribution pattern of transforming growth factor-${\beta}_1$(TGF-${\beta}_1$), platelet derived growth factor(PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), interleukin 1(IL-1), interleukin 6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and the role of these mediators on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis in rats. Method : Wistar rats were divided into three groups(control group, BLM treated group, BLM and vitamine E treated group). Animals were sacrificed periodically at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after saline or BLM administration. The effects were compared to the results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, light microscopic findings, immunohistochemical stains for six different mediators(TGF-${\beta}_1$, PDGF, bFGF, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$) and mRNA in situ hybridization for TGF-${\beta}_1$. Results : IL-1 and IL-6 are maximally expressed at postbleomycin 1~7th day which are mainly produced by neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelium. It is thought that they induce recruitment of inflammatory cells at the injury site. The expression of IL-1 and IL-6 at the bronchiolar epithelium within 7th day is an indirect evidence of contribution of bronchiolar epithelial cells to promote and maintain the inflammatory and immune responses adjacent to the airways. TNF-$\alpha$ is mainly produced by neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelial cells during 1~5th day, alveolar macrophages during 7~28th day. At the earlier period, TNF-$\alpha$ causes recruitment of inflammatory cells at the injury site and later stimulates pulmonary fibrosis. The main secreting cells of TGF-${\beta}_1$ are alveolar macrophages and bronchiolar epithelium and the target is pulmonary fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. TGF-${\beta}_1$ and PDGF stimulate proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts and TGF-${\beta}_1$ and bFGF incite the fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix. The vitamine E and BLM treated group shows few positive cells(p<0.05). Conclusion : After endothelial and epithelial injury, the neutrophils and bronchiolar epithelium secrete IL-1, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ which induce infiltration of many neutrophils. It is thought that variable enzymes and $O_2$ radicals released by these neutrophils cause destruction of normal lung architecture and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. At the 7~28th day, TGF-${\beta}_1$, PDGF, bFGF, TNF-$\alpha$ secreted by alveolar macrophages sting pulmonary fibroblasts into proliferating with increased production of extracellular matrix and finally, they make progression of pulmonary fibrosis. TNF-$\alpha$ compares quite important with TGF-${\beta}_1$ to cause pulmonary fibrosis. Vitamine E seems to decrease the extent of BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis.

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Dynamic Limit and Predatory Pricing Under Uncertainty (불확실성하(不確實性下)의 동태적(動態的) 진입제한(進入制限) 및 약탈가격(掠奪價格) 책정(策定))

  • Yoo, Yoon-ha
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.151-166
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    • 1991
  • In this paper, a simple game-theoretic entry deterrence model is developed that integrates both limit pricing and predatory pricing. While there have been extensive studies which have dealt with predation and limit pricing separately, no study so far has analyzed these closely related practices in a unified framework. Treating each practice as if it were an independent phenomenon is, of course, an analytical necessity to abstract from complex realities. However, welfare analysis based on such a model may give misleading policy implications. By analyzing limit and predatory pricing within a single framework, this paper attempts to shed some light on the effects of interactions between these two frequently cited tactics of entry deterrence. Another distinctive feature of the paper is that limit and predatory pricing emerge, in equilibrium, as rational, profit maximizing strategies in the model. Until recently, the only conclusion from formal analyses of predatory pricing was that predation is unlikely to take place if every economic agent is assumed to be rational. This conclusion rests upon the argument that predation is costly; that is, it inflicts more losses upon the predator than upon the rival producer, and, therefore, is unlikely to succeed in driving out the rival, who understands that the price cutting, if it ever takes place, must be temporary. Recently several attempts have been made to overcome this modelling difficulty by Kreps and Wilson, Milgram and Roberts, Benoit, Fudenberg and Tirole, and Roberts. With the exception of Roberts, however, these studies, though successful in preserving the rationality of players, still share one serious weakness in that they resort to ad hoc, external constraints in order to generate profit maximizing predation. The present paper uses a highly stylized model of Cournot duopoly and derives the equilibrium predatory strategy without invoking external constraints except the assumption of asymmetrically distributed information. The underlying intuition behind the model can be summarized as follows. Imagine a firm that is considering entry into a monopolist's market but is uncertain about the incumbent firm's cost structure. If the monopolist has low cost, the rival would rather not enter because it would be difficult to compete with an efficient, low-cost firm. If the monopolist has high costs, however, the rival will definitely enter the market because it can make positive profits. In this situation, if the incumbent firm unwittingly produces its monopoly output, the entrant can infer the nature of the monopolist's cost by observing the monopolist's price. Knowing this, the high cost monopolist increases its output level up to what would have been produced by a low cost firm in an effort to conceal its cost condition. This constitutes limit pricing. The same logic applies when there is a rival competitor in the market. Producing a high cost duopoly output is self-revealing and thus to be avoided. Therefore, the firm chooses to produce the low cost duopoly output, consequently inflicting losses to the entrant or rival producer, thus acting in a predatory manner. The policy implications of the analysis are rather mixed. Contrary to the widely accepted hypothesis that predation is, at best, a negative sum game, and thus, a strategy that is unlikely to be played from the outset, this paper concludes that predation can be real occurence by showing that it can arise as an effective profit maximizing strategy. This conclusion alone may imply that the government can play a role in increasing the consumer welfare, say, by banning predation or limit pricing. However, the problem is that it is rather difficult to ascribe any welfare losses to these kinds of entry deterring practices. This difficulty arises from the fact that if the same practices have been adopted by a low cost firm, they could not be called entry-deterring. Moreover, the high cost incumbent in the model is doing exactly what the low cost firm would have done to keep the market to itself. All in all, this paper suggests that a government injunction of limit and predatory pricing should be applied with great care, evaluating each case on its own basis. Hasty generalization may work to the detriment, rather than the enhancement of consumer welfare.

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Response to Specific Fertilizer on Chestnut Tree(I) - Study on the Effect of Different Fertilizer on Growth and Nut-production of Chestnut Plantation - (밤나무 시비시험(施肥試驗)(I) - 밤나무생장(生長)과 밤생산(生産)을 위한 비종별(肥種別) 시비효과(施肥効果) -)

  • Lee, Don Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.36-44
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    • 1980
  • This study was conducted in order to obtain basic information for the development of a special compound fertilizer of the trials for chestnut tree cultivation in 1979-1980. Results were as follows: 1. Differences in growth performence after application of single, compound and special compound fertilizer was not significant, but fertilized showed more vigorous growth compared to control plots (without fertilizer). 2. Appearance of Chestnut strobile-drops was observed at: 62.2 % in control plots, 37-50 % in each single and compound fertilizer plots and in those with the double amount of compound fertilizer, 0.7 % in special compound fertilizer plots, 6.2 % in those with double amount of special compound fertilizer. 3. Riped strobiles were collected: 249 in compound fertilizer plots, 625 in special compound fertilizer plots, 391 in double amount of compound fertilizer plots, 816 in double amount of special compound fertilizer plots. 4. The production of chestnuts was: 4,662g in single fertilizer plots, 4,678g in compound fertilizer plots, 28,880g special compound fertilizer plots, 11,736g double amount of compound fertilizer plots, 33,073g double amount of special compound fertilizer plots. There was on significant differences of chestnut production between single fertilizer plots and compound fertilizer plot, but the production in double amount of special compound fertilizer plots was three time higher than in double amount of compound fertilizer plots. 5. The amount of chestnut production in 1980 dcereased compared to 1979 in single and compound fertilize plots due to shortage of sun light and high precipitation in the vegetation period but increased two times more in 1980 compared to 1979 in double amount of compound fertilizer and double amount of specific compound fertilizer plots. 6. Observation of these fertilizer-trial-plots will be continued during the next years in order to obtain more specific datas.

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Comparison of the Dietary Pattern, Nutrient Intakes, and Blood Parameters According to Body Mass Index (BMI) of College Women in Seoul Area (서울지역 여대생의 BMI를 기준으로 식생활, 영양섭취상태 및 혈액인자 비교 연구)

  • Choi, Kyung-Soon;Shin, Kyung-Ok;Chung, Keun-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.12
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    • pp.1589-1598
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    • 2008
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on health by analyzing the factors which are related to obesity through the questionnaires on the dietary pattern, nutrient intake and physical measurements. The subjects, 419 college women aged 20 to 24 year-old, were randomly selected from Seoul and data were collected during March to May, 2008 and classified as under underweight, normal weight, and obesity groups according to BMI. However, weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of body fat, and waist to hip ratio showed significant differences among all the groups (p<0.05). In the obese group, 77.8% ate fat-rich foods such as galbi and samgyopsal more than two times per week, 66.7% ate vegetables other than kimchi (p<0.05) as compared to the underweight and normal groups by mini dietary assessment (p<0.05). The cholesterol intakes of the underweight, normal weight, and obese groups were $164.67{\pm}114.52mg/dL$, $143.31{\pm}99.58mg/dL$, and $121.92{\pm}54.91mg/dL$, respectively, and the obese group had a significantly lower intake than the other groups (p<0.05). The serum total cholesterol levels of the underweight, normal, and obese groups were $177.04{\pm}26.36mg/dL$, $189.46{\pm}29.05mg/dL$, and $170.00{\pm}12.75mg/dL$, respectively, and the obese group showed lower total cholesterol level than the other groups (p<0.05). The triacylglycerol level of the obese group ($132.00{\pm}64.60mg/dL$) was significantly higher than the other two groups (p<0.05). The HDL-cholesterol levels of the underweight, normal weight, and obese groups were $51.92{\pm}9.39mg/dL$, $59.20{\pm}13.53mg/dL$, and $43.00{\pm}8.98mg/dL$, respectively, showing that the obese subjects had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels as compared to the subjects in the other groups (p<0.05). The HDL-C/LDL-C ratios of the underweight ($0.52{\pm}0.45$) and normal weight ($0.59{\pm}0.23$) groups were higher than the ratio of the obese group ($0.41{\pm}0.06$). Total cholesterol were positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol (r=0.768, p<0.01), but triacylglycerol were adversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, our results show that college-aged women in Seoul should be encouraged to amend their overall dietary habits, make a dietary plan that fits their individual needs, and maintain an effective exercise schedule.

Study on the Dietary Habit, Nutrient Intake, and Health Status According to Their Majors Among College Women in Sahmyook University (삼육대학교 여대생의 전공에 따른 식습관, 영양소섭취상태 및 건강습관에 관한 비교)

  • Chung, Keun-Hee;Shin, Kyung-Ok;Jung, Tae-Hwan;Choi, Kyung-Soon;Jeon, Woo-Min;Chung, Dong-Keun;Lee, Dong-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.826-836
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to compare the dietary habits, nutrient intake and health status of female college students at Sahmyook University according to their majors. Specifically, women majoring in literature and science (77), food and nutrition (103) and sport (73) were evaluated. College women in the sports department were more likely to have a part-time job and had greater expenses than women in the other departments. The average height of college women in the sports department (164.3${\pm}$4.6 cm) was 2.04 cm taller than that of women with other majors (162.3${\pm}$4.7 cm). College women in the department of literature and science were more likely to have an unbalanced diet, even though they commonly ate small amounts of fruit as snacks. They were more prone to take nutrient tablets and vitamins when compared to women in the other departments. College women in the department of sport were more likely to have unbalanced meals (31.5%) and to overeat. Students in the department of food and nutrition ate more fruit, vitamin C and E but less cholesterol containing foods (p<0.05), less fast food and fried food than students in the other departments. The subjects in the department of sport ate less bread, sweet potatoes, fast foods and fried foods but more calories, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B, niacin, Ca, P and cholesterol than students in the other departments (p<0.05). They were also more likely to exercise for more than two hours a day. The most common problems among college women were going without meals, eating an unbalanced diet, overeating, intake of ill-balanced nutrients and lack of exercise. It was found that college women in the department of sport had a better intake of nutrients and maintained healthier life styles.