• 고문화
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• 63호
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• pp.43-64
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• 2004

지금까지 한국 가족사를 논의하면서 외가에 대한 언급이 구체적으로 이루어지지 않고 있다는 사실은 매우 이상한 일이 아닐 수 없다. 아마도 한국가족의 근간이 부계사회에 있다는 지나친 고정관념으로 인해 외가의 중요성이 애써 무시되어져 왔기 때문이 아닌가 싶다. 필자는 기본적으로 한국사회는 부계사회임을 주장하며, 한국사회가 면면히 부계사회를 유지하게 된 것은 이 외가의 존재 때문이라는 생각을 하고 있다. 말하자면 사회 정치 경제적인 변화 속에서 부계사회구조가 현실적으로 적응해 나가기 위하여 필요로 하는 하나의 기제로 외가의 존재를 이해하고 있으며 이것이 이 논문의 중요한 단초이기도 하다. 신라사회가 여성도 자신이 태어난 본가의 성원권을 가지는 '강력한' 부계출계사회라고 본다면 탈해를 위시한 사위가 왕위를 계승하는 사례는 당연한 嶺이다. 다만 사위의 왕위계승은 부인을 대신하는 것으로 남권위주사회에서 그 역할을 남편이 대신하는 것일 뿐이다. 그렇기 때문에 부인 대신 왕위를 계승한 사위는 자기 자식에게 바로 왕위를 계승할 수 없다. 다만 친손이 없을 때 비로소 외손이 왕위를 계승하는 것이며 그런 논리에 의해서 왕위는 박씨에서 석씨로 그리고 다시 김씨로 계승된 것이다. 즉 '분할될 수 없는 상속형태(제사나 왕위상속)는 친손이 없을 때 외손에게로 상속권이 넘어 간다'는 단순한 상속논리에 따라 왕위는 박씨에서 석씨로 다시 석씨에서 김씨에게로 넘어간 것이다. 이 논문은 이러한 논리에 따라 그 왕위계승과정을 분석한 것이다. 설사 삼국사기나 삼국유사의 왕력이 조작되었다 손치더라도 삼국사기와 삼국유사를 편찬한 고려시대의 출계원리를 보여준다는 점에서 우리나라 출계원리에서 차지하는 외가와 외손에 대한 문제는 대단히 중요하지 않을 수 없다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Millettia Reticulatas on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of death cells treated with indicated concentration of Millettia Reticulatas and investigated cell death rate by MTS assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : 1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with Millettia Reticulatas was increased in a concentration proportional. 2) The result of flow cytometry analysis. subG1 phase arrest related3 cell apoptosis was investigated 23.49% in uterine leiomyoma cell treated Millettia Reticulatas and showed the fession of proportional concentration. 3) The gene expression of p27, p53, p21, p16 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing concentration but cyclin E was none exchanged. 4) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed the fession of proportional concentration. 5) The expression of pro-caspase3 and PARP were decreased dependent on treatment concentration. Conclusion : This study showed that Millettia Reticulatas have the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell and the effect was related with apoptosis. The apoptotic mechanism was observed that the gene expression of p27, p53, p21, p16 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing treatment concentration, induced G1 phase arrest and finally cell death was occurred. The decreased expression of pro-caspase 3 and PARP were noted that apoptosis was related with caspase pathway.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cuscutae Semen water extract (CS) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Methods: To clarify the results, we cultivated MCF-7 cells in cell culture plates. And then we extracted each of $100{\mu}g/ml$, $300{\mu}g/ml$, $600{\mu}g/ml$ CS, gave it to MCF-7 cell. After these process we performed MTT assay to elucidate the ability of apoptosis. The result of mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: Each of concentrated extracts CS decreased the survival rate of MCF-7 cells. CS decreased Bcl-2 which is known as a blocking cell apoptosis. Bax, caspase-3, P21 and RIP-1 that accelerate apoptogenic activity factors increased by CS. CS did not change the condition of caspase-8, caspase-9, P53 factors on MCF-7 cells. Furthermore caspase-8, caspase-9, P53 factors on MCF-7 cells does not make it more active but turn it on. Conclusions: According to the above results, we could suggest that CS can occur the apoptosis on MCF-7 cells.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution on the cell cycle regulation, apoptosis of human uterine myoma cells. Methods: Primary cultured human uterine myoma cells were treated with extract solution of Ginseng Radix Alba concentration of 1, 10 and $100mg/m{\ell}$ for 48 hours. We underwent flow cytometry and western blotting for cell cycle and apoptosis related factors. Results: In flow cytometry, a slight promotion of G1 phase in $1mg/m{\ell}$ group had been observed but, simultaneously a delay of G1 phase in 10 and $100mg/m{\ell}$ groups were also observed. The manifestation of cyclin D1 in Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution medicated group increased compared to the control group. The manifestation of Bax controlling apoptosis increased in terms of concentration but Bcl-2 showed no change. Also VEGF increased in terms of concentration. Conclusion: The present study suggests that Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution treatment in human uterine myoma cells induce the delay of cell cycle and apoptosis. These results suggest that Ginseng Radix Alba will be a promising agent for use in therapeutics agents against human uterine myoma.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Hominis Placenta (紫河車) on the growth of human uterine myoma cells and cell apoptosis. Methods: Human uterine leiomyoma cells were cultured and treated with Hominis Placenta extract for 48 hours. Cell proliferation and activity was analyzed by MTT assay. We analyzed the cell cycle of human uterine myoma cells treated Hominis Placenta extract by FACS. Expression of proteins related to cell apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2), cyclin-D1 and VEGF were evaluated by Western blotting method. Results: The human uterine myoma cells treated by Hominis Placenta extract didn't proliferate below the concentration of $10mg/m{\ell}$. And there was no remarkable difference on cell cycle analysis below the concentration of $10mg/m{\ell}$. The expression of Bax was decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased after the treatment of Hominis Placenta extract. But the expressions of cyclin-D1 and VEGF were increased after the treatment of Hominis Placenta extract. Conclusion: This study suggests that Hominis Placenta induce uterine myoma cell apoptosis and have effect on the myoma cell proliferation in the concentraion below $10mg/m{\ell}$.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Sparganii Rhizoma on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : This study was evaluated the number of death cells treated with indicated concentration of Sparganii Rhizoma and investigated cell death rate by MTS assay. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results :1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with Sparganii Rhizoma was increased in a dose dependent manner. 2) As the result of FACS analysis, subG1 phase incrase was observed 23.49% inuterine leiomyoma cell treated with Sparganii Rhizoma at $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ compared to control.. 3) The gene expression of p53, p21 related cell apoptosis was increased according to increasing concentration but p27 was none exchanged. 4) The expression of cyclin A, D and E was decreased in a concentration proportional and then the dephosphorylation of pRb was increased. 5) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed according to increasing concentration. 6) The expression of pro-caspase3 were decreased dependent on treatment concentration and activated PARP took place. Conclusion : The inhibitory effect of Sparganii Rhizoma on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells was observed with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These data suggest that Sparganii Rhizoma might be candidate of medical therapy for uterine leiomyoma.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Purpose: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are common estrogen-dependent uterine tumors. Houttuynia cordata thunberg has cancer-preventing properties and often used in Chinese medicine. In the present study we used Houttuynia cordata thunberg to determine its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Methods: Primary cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells were treated with Houttuynia cordata thunberg. Cell viability analysis was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay and Flow cytometry was performed to ascertain the effects Houttuynia cordata thunberg. Expression of cell cycle related proteins and apoptosis related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: Cell viability was significantly influenced by Houttuynia cordata thunberg treatment in a dose-dependent manner in leiomyoma cells compare to normal myometrial cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Houttuynia cordata thunberg induced Sub G1 arrest. DNA fragmentation assay was carried out and apoptosis was detected. Activation of caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-2, with concomitant increase in p21 was observed. Houttuynia cordata thunberg treatment of uterine leiomyoma cellsresulted in a concentration-dependent cell death induced via the caspase dependent mechanism. Conclusion: These results suggest that Houttuynia cordata thunberg treatment in uterine leiomyoma cells leads to growth inhibition and induced apoptosis. These results suggest that Houttuynia cordata thunberg will be a promising agent for use in therapeutics agents against human uterine endometrial cancer.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.18-33
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• 2008

Purpose: The research is to investigate the effect of TFE on apoptosis of human-derived breast cancer cells, to find out the relationship with apoptosis. Methods: Human-derived breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7 cells were treated by TFE with various concentration. The inducement effect of TFE on cell apoptosis was observed with MTT assay and the relationship between the treatment and apoptosis was investigated with FACS analysis, TUNEL assay and DNA laddering assay and the change in the protein levels of PARP and caspase-3 activities were also observed. The release of cytochrome-c was observed to find out the pathway of apoptosis induced by TFE. Results: The cell apoptosis was significantly induced in MCF-7 cells treated with TFE in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. It was verified by FACS analysis, TUNEL assay, DNA laddering assay that cell-death was caused not by necrosis but by apoptosis. The activity of PARP and caspase were increased concentration-dependently. The release of cytocrome-c was decreased in proportion to the concentration of the fruit extract. It therefore demonstrated that mitochondria were involved in apoptosis induced by TFE. The appearance of Bcl-2 protein was decreased concentration-dependently. Conclusion: The treatment by TFE induced apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7. It seems likely that cell-death was caused by apoptosis and mitochondria were involved in it. The mechanism of protein change causing apoptosis seems related to the inhibition of Bcl-2 protein, the promotion of inversion from cytochrome-c into cytosol, the activation of caspase and the promotion of PARP cleavage.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제12권
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• pp.377-386
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• 2001

역사의 시작은 어디인지 아득하지만 일반적으로 문헌을 통한 과학적인 신뢰성을 갖게 되는 실질적인 방법이 원칙이다. 하지만 이런 연구가 거의 전무한 우리 수학의 뿌리에 대한 연구는 문헌 연구가 그 기반을 이룰 것이다. 따라서 본 연구자는 우리 역사의 뿌리를 수학적 관점에서 한 분야로서 여러 기존의 문헌을 중심으로 특히 사학 연구를 활용하여 수학의 뿌리를 찾으려고 하며, 민족 신화(단군신화) 이전의 경전인 천부경(天符經)의 사상을 기초로 한 동양 사상과 철학의 배경으로 그 위상을 세우고자 한다. 결코 우리 민족의 우수성과 고난의 시절에서 많은 상황적 변화로서 와전되어 있는 부분도 있지만 이를 해석한 여러 문헌을 논리적으로 체계화하려는데 초점을 두고 있다. 주로 신라 시대의 석학인 최치원 선생에 의해 천부경 81자의 한자로 구성되어 해석한 사실에 주목해야한다. 특히 한민족의 언어가 아닌 한자로 우리의 언어와 사상이 기록되어 있고, 이 민족의 침입으로 인한 민족 문화의 말살이 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재에 어려움을 인식하고 연구가 수행되었음을 부인할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리 민족 수학의 뿌리를 찾아 민족의 수학사를 인식하는 계기를 주고, 자주적인 민족 정서의 수학 교육에 첫 걸음을 내딛는데 연구의 필요성과 목적이 있다.

• 월간양계
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• 제17권10호통권192호
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• pp.36-39
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• 1985

우리의 속담에 이런 말이 있다. `사람은 즐거울 때는 부인을 찾지만 어려울땐 어머니를 찾는다` 어머니는 마음의 고향이기 때문에(사실은 우리 모두가 10개월간 살았던 본향이기도 하다) 어려울 때일수록 어머니가 그리워지는가 보다. 양계산업이 불안하고 경영도 점차 어려워지고 있다. 20년전의 양계를 그리워하고(그 때 양계인들의 뜨거운 협동정신을 말함). 업계발전을 위한 어떠한 전기가 오기를 바라고 있다. 우리나라의 양계산업 발전사를 보면 크게 20년을 주기로 새로운 장으로 바뀌어 발전해 왔다. 일제하의 양계에서 광복후 60년대 중반까지와 60년대 중반 이후 오늘날까지의 20년간의 근대양계산업으로의 발전 등이며, 이제 다시 계산물(계란, 닭고기)의 수입개방을 앞두고 국내 양계산업의 재정비 등 새로운 변화기를 맞아 불안해 하고 있다. 축산경영학회와 축산학회가 잇따라 양계산업의 안정화방안에 대한 심포지움을 개최하고 있어 변환기의 양계산업에 대처하려는 몸부림으로 보여진다. 이에 본지는 60년대 중반기 이후 장안양계친목회에서 가금연구회와 한국가금협회의 산파역으로 실질적으로 우리나라 양계산업의 근대화를 이끌어온 오봉국교수를 만나 보았다.