• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3251-3259
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• 2014

This paper presents experimental and analytical research results to predict nonlinear flexural behavior of corroded reinforced concrete beams. For this purpose, a series of test and an analytical simulation using the Maaddawy's model were carried. Test specimens of total 12 RC beams were placed in accelerated corrosion status using salt water spray test chamber for 5 months and 10 months, after they were preloaded up to 30% and 60% of the maximum load corresponding to nominal flexural strength. The test results showed that flexural strength and ductility decreased to 5.4% and 43% at the most respectively due to breakdown of bond at the steel-concrete interface. Comparative study between the analytical predictions and the experimental results showed that the Maaddawy's model can be applied to predict a real corroded RC flexural members.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.344-351
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• 2002

Chemical speciation and transport of heavy metals in soil environment could be controlled by humic acid. In order to understand the mechanism on competitive adsorption of Cd and Cu on the surface of humic acid extracted from peat, the charge development of humic acid were investigate through a batch adsorption experiment with a series of different background electrolytes levels. The competitive adsorption of Cd and Cu to the humic acid were estimated according to the model using the proton binding constant obtained from the above batch test. The affinity of Cu to the carboxyl group on the humic acid was higher than that of Cd, but the affinity to the phenolic group was lower than to the carboxyl group. It seems that the amount of adsorbed Cd and Cu could be estimated using the proton binding constant obtained from a solution with single background ion. However, it is difficult to interpret the competitive adsorption of Cd and Cu with the constant for single background ion.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2011

해안에 위치한 철근콘크리트 구조물 및 사회 간접 시설물들은 염해피해에 대한 우려가 있다. 염해피해로 인한 철근의 부식현상이 발생하면 철근과 콘크리트 부착성능의 저하로 인한 부재의 내력감소를 가져 올 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 염해부식이 진행되어 콘크리트와 철근간의 부착 및 비부착 여부에 따른 성능을 확인하기 위하여 완전 비부착된 보-기둥 접합부를 철근부착용 고무튜브를 이용하여 제작하였다. 제작된 실험체로 준정적 반복횡하중을 이용한 실험을 통해 성능평가를 수행하였다. 비부착된 보-기둥 접합부의 비선형 해석을 하기 위해 4절점 래티스 모델로 개선하여 적용하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.811-816
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• 1998

Rebar corrosion in cement mortar containing chloride ions was investigated by electrochemical AC impedance spectroscopy. Corrosion of mild steel bar was accelerated by an acceleration test equipment in short period. Impedance values obtained from AC-impedance method could be adapted to the proposed electrochemical equivalent circuit model and they were consistent with calculated values obtained by CNLS fitting method. The weight loss of rebar could be calculated by charge transfer resistance($R_2$) with time and it was close to real value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.8-13
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• 1991

엔진유는 엔진내에서 사용됨에 다라 마모방지제의 소모, 브로바이 가스의 혼입, 열화생성물과 첨가제간의 반응등의 영향을 받아 서서히 열화되기 시작하며, 아울러 마모방지성능 또한 변화되어간다. 열화생성물 중의 어떤 극성산화물이나 고분자생성물은 엔진마모의 감소에 기여하나, 일부 산성생성물은 부식마모를 일으킬 수도 있으며, 엔진내에서 발생되는 마모분중에는 어브레시브 마모를 발생시키는 것도 있다. 또한, 브로바이 생성물중에는 마찰면을 직접 부식시키는 성분도 있으며, 그외 부식성이 약한 브로바이 성분들도 첨가제와의 반응을 통하여 간접적으로 엔진유의 마모방지성능에 영향을 미친다. 필자는 최근의 연구에서 엔진유의 마모방지성능은 엔진에서의 열화정도에 달 현격히 변화하며, 또한 사용유의 전산가증가치와 마모량간에는 명확한 상관관계가 있다는 것을 보고한 바 있다. 본보고에서도 사용유에 함유되어 있는 성분중 마모방지성능에 크게 영향을 미치는 하이드로퍼옥사이드를 선택하여, 그 함유유인 모델열화유로 윤활하는 마모시험을 수행하여 얻은 결과에 관하여 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

The oxidizing species are generated from the radiolysis of groundwater in the pore of buffer material around the canister used for the disposal of spent fuels. A mathematical model was introduced to calculate the cathodic current density induced by the oxidant around the canister, which determined the corrosion of carbon steel. An analytical solution was derived to get the cathodic current density in the cylindrical coordinate. The cathodic current densities from both the rectangular coordinate and cylindrical coordinate were compared with each other. The source terms and absorbed dose rate for the calculation of the radiolysis were calculated using the ORIGEN2 and MCNP computer code, respectively. The radius of the canister was determined with the new model in order to prevent the local corrosion. The results showed that the new solution made the cathodic current density around 25 % lower than the Marsh model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.7-13
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• 2008

This paper presents experimental and analysis studies about both the corroded steel expansion and the variation of poor bonding range between steel and concrete. A loss of overall bonding capacity at the concrete-steel interface is evaluated experimentally and crack patterns at the bottom of the concrete are presented here. Steel-concrete interface is covered by rubber due to present local loss of the concrete-steel interface bonding capacity. In case of crack analysis performed by commercial FEM programs. we investigated crack‘s pattern and location. Finally, it is concluded that overall flexural capacity of the reinforced concrete structure is increased by the corroded steel expansion and is dependent of the bonding range at the steel- concrete interface. These results give an important factor to decide a life of reinforced concrete structures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1993

A simplified safety assessment is carried out on rock-cavern type disposal of LLW using the analytical repository source term (REPS) model. For reliable prediction of the leach rates for various radionuclides, degradation of concrete structures, corrosion rate of waste container, degree of corrosion on the container surface, and the characteristics of radionuclides are considered in the REPS model. The results of preliminary assessment show that Cs-137, Ni-63, and Sr-90 are dominant. For the parametric uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, Latin hypercube sampling technique and rank correlation technique are applied. The results of the potential public health impacts show that radiological dose to intruder in the worst case scenario will be negligible and that more attention should be given to near-field performance.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

A concrete silo plays an important role in subsurface low- and intermediate-level waste facilities (LILW) by limiting the release of radionuclides from the silo geosphere. However, due to several physical and chemical processes the performance of the concrete structure decreases over time and consequently the concrete loses its effectiveness as a barrier against groundwater inflow and the release of radionuclides. Although a number of processes are responsible for degradation of the silo concrete, it is determined that the main cause is corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Therefore, the time it takes for the silo concrete to fail is calculated based on two factors: the initiation time of corrosion, defined as the time it takes for chloride ions to penetrate through the concrete cover, and the propagation time of corrosion. This paper aims to estimate the time taken for concrete to fail in a LILW disposal facility. Based on the United States Department of Energy (DOE) approach, which indicates that concrete fails completely once 50% of the volume of the reinforcing steel corrodes, the corrosion propagation time is calculated to be 640 years, which is the time it takes for corrosion to penetrate 0.640 cm into the reinforcing steel. In addition to the corrosion propagation time, a diffusion equation is used to calculate the initiation time of corrosion, yielding a time of 1284 years, which post-dates the closure time of the LILW disposal facility if we also consider the 640 years of corrosion propagation. The electrochemical conditions of the passive rebar surface were modified using an acceleration method. This is a useful approach because it can reduce the test time significantly by accelerating the transport of chlorides. Using instrumental analysis, the physicochemical properties of corrosion products were determined, thereby confirming that corrosion occurred, although we did not observe significant cracks in, or expansion of, the concrete. These results are consistent with those of Smartet al., 2006 who reported that corrosion products are easily compressed, meaning that cracks cannot be discerned by eye. Therefore, it is worth noting that rebar corrosion does not strongly influence the hydraulic conductivity of the concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2008

Reinforced concrete starts to corrode when the chloride ion concentration which is the sum of included in concrete and penetrated from environments exceeds a certain level of critical chloride concentration. Therefore each country regulates the upper bounds of chloride amount in concrete and the regulations are different for each country due to its circumstances. In this study, the critical threshold chloride content according to unit cement amount is empirically calculated to propose a reasonable regulation method on the chloride amount. As a result, the critical threshold chloride content increases considerably according to cement content and it agrees with the established theories. The present regulations on total chloride amount 0.3 or 0.6 kg chloride ions per $1\;m^3$ of concrete does not reflect the influences of mix design, environmental conditions and etc. So it can be said that it is more reasonable to regulate the critical threshold chloride content by the ratio of chloride amount per unit cement content than by the total chloride content in $1\;m^3$ of concrete.