• Title/Summary/Keyword: 부숙도

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Comparison of Liquid Composting Efficiency using Liquid Pig Manure in Different Condition (가축분뇨 슬러리 액비 부숙 조건별 특성비교)

  • Jung, Kwang-Yong;Cho, Nam-Jun;Jeong, Yee-Geun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.301-305
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the liquid composting efficiency using pig manure in different condition such as simple storage type reactor, continuous aeration reactor, anaerobic reactor and anaerobic agitation reactor. Continuous aeration reactor was the most efficiency method to BOD and malodors removal than other methods. While nitrogen loss in continuous aeration reactor was 47% of initial concentration, which was the higher amount than any other digestion methods. The digestion efficiency between anaerobic reactor and anaerobic agitation reactor were similar, but E. coli and malodor removal efficiency were a little higher in the anaerobic agitation reactor. Simple storage type reactor which was conventional digestion method in rural area gave lower efficiency than aerobic and anaerobic digestion methods in view of BOD, E. coli and malodor removal. The liquid composting efficiency which were evaluated by various indicators like pH, BOD, E, coli, malodor and nitrogen loss was high in the order of anaerobic agitation reactor>continuous aeration reactor>anaerobic reactor>simple storage type reactor.

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Feeding and Growth Rate of Earthworm(Eisenia fetida) Population on The Sewage Sludge Mixed and Aged with Food Waste Leachate or Paper Mill Sludge (하수슬러지와 음식물쓰레기 침출수슬러지 또는 제지슬러지를 혼합하여 부숙시킨 먹이에 대한 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida)개천군의 섭식률 및 생장률)

  • Kim, Byung-Woo;Bae, Yoon-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.52-64
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    • 2008
  • Aged sewage sludge with food waste leachate sludge or paper mill sludge was fed to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) populations and the effect of it on feeding and growth rate of earthworm population was investigated. Feeding rate of earthworm population on sewage sludge aged with food waste leachate sludge for 30 days was higher than that aged for 10 and 20 days. At 90 days after feeding, the density of earthworm population decreased regardless of aging period. And earthworm population growth to next generation was blocked by sewage sludge. The feeding rate and the density of earthworm population aged with paper mill sludge for 20 days were higher than that on sewage sludges aged for 10 and 30 days. Until 90 days after feeding, the density of earthworm population increased regardless of aging period of sewage sludge, however, since then decreased. There were comparatively higher feeding rate and growth rate of earthworm population on the sewage sludge which had been mixed with paper mill sludge and aged for 20 days, which rendered the probable pretreating method for vermicomposting sewage sludge.

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Changes of Electrical Conductivity and Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil Applied with Livestock Manure (가축분 퇴비 시용에 따른 밭 토양의 EC 및 질산태질소 함량 변화)

  • Hwang, Ki-Sung;Ho, Qyo-Soon;Kim, Hyoung-Deug;Choi, Ju-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.197-201
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted in Jeju Island to find the effects of livestock manure application on the changes in soil salt concentration and $NO_3-N$ contents. Soil samples were collected from Goojua-Tong (volcanic ash soil) and Aewol-Tong(non-volcanic ash soil) to 50 cm depth and were mixed with livestock manure to 20 cm depth in PVC container(30 cm diameter, 1 m height). Animal manures of cattle, pig, and fowl were adjusted to 0, 50, 100,150 ton/ha. Animal manure applications increased the salt concentrations in soil. The salt concentration was increased as the fowl manure amount was increased The effects were larger in order of fowl manure > cattle manure $\fallingdotseq$ pig manure. $NO_3-N$ contents in soil showed a sharp increase by applications of fowl manure, but the increase was slow when the cattle and pig manures were applied. In volcanic ash soil, there was no change in phosphate contents by application of animal manures, but the phosphate contents increased in non-volcanic ash soil with the application of animal manure, especially by fowl manure.

Assessment of Compost Maturity on Their Different Stages with Microbial and Biochemical Mass Dynamics (미생물 및 생화학적 질량역적분석에 의한 퇴비화단계별 부숙도 평가)

  • Suresh, Arumuganainar;Choi, Hong Lim;Yao, Hongqing;Zhu, Kun
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.36-47
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    • 2009
  • Microbial and related biochemical mass of composts are important for optimization of its process and end-products. This study was carried out to assess the specific microbial and related biochemical mass which could be used as an indicator for compost maturity during composting stages. The samples from five compost plants were collected at three stages (Initial, Thermophilic and Mature) and analyzed for total aerobic bacteria (TAB), Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Actinomycetes and fungi. Significantly, the coliforms and E.coli counts decreased during the thermophilic stage and were completely eliminated during mature stage. However, the other microbial mass were completely eliminated during mature stage. Which disclosed that Coliforms and E.coli communities can be used as compost maturity indicator. Interestingly, the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen ratio (MBC/MBN) were decreased a little during the thermophilic stage due to the decreasing number of coliforms, Ecoli and fungi, while the ratio increased during the mature stage due to increasing fungal and aerobic bacterial counts. In addition the heavy metals were shown strong negative correlation with Actenomycetes. This study provides insight to the evaluation of compost maturity as well as the quality by the metal-microbial interactions.

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Evaluation of Foodwaste-compost Maturity with the Seed Germination Index of Plants (식물의 발아지수를 이용한 음식물 퇴비의 부숙도 평가)

  • Yoon, Eun Joo;Oh, Jeong-Ik;Yoon, Jeon Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.667-671
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    • 2014
  • By analyzing seed germination indexes of cabbage and radish, this study aims to evaluate the toxicity of food waste compost, which is produced by fermentation-extinction technology with bio wood chips. In the experimental results, the seed germination index of food waste compost for cabbage and radish was shown in the range of a minimum 104 and maximum 170. It was satisfied with the over 70 criteria in the level of the Korea fertilizer process specification. Consequently, the food waste compost from fermentation-extinction reaction with bio wood chips was evaluated by the appropriate compost maturity for the plantation.

두엄누리회보 제47호

  • Korea Organic Ferlizer Assocation
    • 두엄누리회보
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    • s.47
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    • pp.1-4
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    • 2007
  • 퇴비(유기질)비료 지원사업 관련 간담회 개최/업체별 생산능력 추가 조사 실시/농협 납품업체 품질검사 관련 시료 미 발취업체 제제기준 변경/퇴비 품질검사 기준에 부숙도 기계 판정 결과 적용

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Changes in Characteristics of Bark and Piggery Manure By-Product Fertilizers During the Composting (수피${\cdot}$돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 특성 변화)

  • Yang, Jae-E;Park, Chang-Jin;Yong, Seok-Ho;Kim, Jeong-Je
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.372-377
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    • 1999
  • Objective of this research was to draw the basic criteria of the compost maturity evaluation, by assessing the stability of chemical and physical properties of the bark and piggery manure byproduct composts during the composting. Colors of the mature composts were black and dark brown for the bark and piggery manure by-product composts, respectively. Good earthy odor was detected for both by-product composts after approximately 40 days composting, by which odors of the original raw materials were disappeared. pH and EC of the mature bark: compost were stabilized at 6.5 and 1dS/m, respectively. The respective values for the piggery compost were stabilized at 7.2 and 6dS/m. Organic matter contents were decreased with time to be stabilized at about 60% at the end of composting. During composting, total N contents of the bark and piggery composts were maintained at $1.1{\sim}1.5%$, and $1.5{\sim}2.2%$, respectively. For both fertilizers, $NH_4-N$ contents were increased at the initial stage bur. decreased after the middle stages of decomposition, resulting in the increase of $NO_3-N$ contents. Total inorganic N contents were increased with time. C/N ratios of both mature composts were stabilized at $25{\sim}27$. CEC of the bark compost was increased logarithmically with time and that of mature compost was 87cmol(+)/㎏. CEC of the piggery manure compost was hyperbolic function with rime and reached at 70cmol(+)/㎏ at the mature stage. Crude fiber analysis indicated that relative contents of lignin were increased with composting by compensating for the decreases of cellulose and hemicellulose contents.

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Nutrient Composition and Heavy Metal Contents of Matured Livestock Liquid Fertilizer in Korea (국내 가축분뇨 부숙액비의 비료성분 및 중금속 함량 분포특성)

  • Kang, Tak-Won;Halder, Joshua Nizel;Kim, Soo-Ryang;Yoon, Young-Man;Lee, Myung-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2017
  • From July to August 2013, liquid fertilizers produced at 180 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected. The maturity of liquid fertilizers was measured using the mechanical maturity measurement device. The nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content of 46 liquid fertilizers were investigated in this study. We used a matured liquid fertilizer with a total number of 46, with number of 7 for Gyeonggi-do, 3 for Chungcheongbuk-do, 2 for Chungcheongnam-do, 13 for Jeollabuk-do, 5 for Jeollanam-do, 3 for Gyeongsangbuk-do, 11 for Gyeongsangnam-do, 1 for Daejeon, and 1 for Jeju-do. The physicochemical properties were as follows: pH 8.0, EC 11.6 mS/cm, SS 5,188 mg/L, TKN 847mg/L, ${{NH_4}^+}-N$ 317 mg/L, ${{NO_3}^-}-N$ 170 mg/L, Org-N 360 mg/L, TP 193 mg/L, and TK 2,557 mg/L. The total amount of NPK was 3,596 mg/L. The total amount of N-P-K was as follows: a number of 2 at 1,000-2,000 mg/L (4%), a number of 17 at 2,000-3,000mg/L (37%), a number of 11 at 3,000-4,000mg/L (24%), and a number of 16 at 4,000mg/L or more (35%). Thus, 41% of the mature liquid fertilizers were below the official standard of commercial fertilizer (livestock manure liquid fertilizer) (0.3% of the total amount of N-P-K). Most of the N-P-K total amount showed non-uniform characteristics of low nitrogen and low phosphoric acid due to the potassium concentration. The average heavy metal content in the matured liquid fertilizer was as follows: As, not detected; Cd, 0.01 mg/kg; Hg, not detected; Pb, 0.02 mg/kg; Cr, 0.14 mg/kg; Cu, 6.89 mg/kg; Ni, 0.44 mg/kg; and Zn, 20.70 mg/kg. Thus, the official standard of commercial fertilizer was satisfied in all categories, indicating a safe level.

Physical and Chemical Quality of Organic by Product Fertilizers by Composting of Livestock Manure in Korea (가축분뇨를 원료로 하는 부산물 비료의 부숙화에 따른 물리화학적 특성변화)

  • Lee, Chang-Ho;Ok, Yong-Sik;Yoon, Young-Man;Kim, Dae-Yeon;Lim, Soo-Kil;Eom, Ki-Chul;Kim, Jeong-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.224-229
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    • 2006
  • Utilization of organic by-product fertilizers has many beneficial effects on agricultural activities and in aspects of the disposal of enormous amounts of livestock manure. Most of these beneficial effects are related to the improvement of soil condition, such as fertility status and physicochemical quality of soil. But, appropriate indexes are needed to effectively manage the quality of organic by-product fertilizers amended on soil. To find chemical and physical standard to control the compost quality, the changes in chemical and physical characteristics of organic by-product fertilizers during composting were investigated, and also an appropriate physical method for this end. The results showed chemical properties, such as humic acid content, OM/N ratio, cation exchange capacity and salt content, had significant relationships during the composting. The water content, particle and bulk densities, particle size and color indices, as physical properties, were also applicable factors for the quality control of compost.