• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

This research was carried out to analyze long-term shoreline change on Busan Songjeong Beach using multi-temporal remote sensed data, GPS survey data and grain size analysis. As a result of multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis, the beach was stable status till early 2000s, but the erosion occurred over whole beach after the construction of shore protection road since 2000. In the result of DEM analysis, the elevation of beach reduced and the slope of berm increased after construction of shore protection road along the coast, this means the erosion environment was dominant on the beach. But the sedimentation was slightly stronger than the erosion in northern region of the beach, then the slope of berm was gentle. In the result of grain size analysis using in-situ samples, the coarsening-trend was found in southeastern region (Line E) of the beach, it is caused by strong wave energy from the outer sea. Consequently, major causes of the beach erosion in the study area were the interception of sand supply from a dune owing to shore protection road construction and scouring phenomenon by strong wave energy in southeastern region of the beach. If the topographic or artificial change will not occur in the future, the erosion in this area will continue. Therefore the prevention measures are required.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

제주도는 한반도의 서남해상에 위치하며 제주도와 그 부속도서 및 추자군도로 이루어진 우리 나라에서 가장 큰 섬이다. 북으로는 목포와 약 88마일의 거리이고 부산과는 동북쪽으로 약 170마일의 거리이다. 제주도는 동서 최대길이 73km이며 남북의 최대길이는 41km로서 타원형이며 섬 전체가 용암으로 이루어져 있다. 한라산은 1,950m로서 섬의 중심부에 우뚝 서 있다. 경사는 남쪽이 북쪽에 비해 비교적 급하고 평야는 서남 해안 쪽에 발달하였다. (중략)

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.377-386
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• 2013

As apartments have been made into high-rise buildings, the residents in the buildings have become to enjoy the benefits. On the contrary, the users of buildings on the back have become to experience many problems in residential environments. This research studied on measures to improve height control systems focusing on the heights of apartments in order to figure out the impact of apartments on city scenery. This study concluded that, to solve these problems, a general system to control heights should be prepared to solve the problem of visual blocking and for apartment complexes or buildings in coastal areas, regulations for height controls suitable to them should be separately prepared thereby controlling systems related to height controls as a whole instead of those many different systems relating to heights.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.371-382
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• 2016

Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions can be detected by using numerous geochemical constituents in groundwater. However, insufficient numbers of groundwater data can often make us difficult to interpret saltwater intrusion. Probability statistics technique enables statistical prediction using a limited numbers of water quality data for a wider range and can make to effectively evaluate saltwater intrusion through a characterized distribution of probability. This study evaluated saltwater intrusion by applying probability statistics to the chemical constituents in groundwater, coastal discharge, and stream water in the coastal areas of Busan City. By the result of the study, it is proven that Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, SO₄²⁻, and Cl⁻, abundantly contained in seawater, are valuable indicators for evaluating saltwater intrusion. On the other hand, it is judged that Si⁴⁺, Fe²⁺, NO₃⁻, and PO₄³⁻, showing similar probability distribution in groundwater, coastal discharge, and stream water, are not appropriate indicators for the detection of saltwater intrusion.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Marine clays are widely distributed in Korean eastern, western and southern coastal areas. Understanding engineering characteristics of the soft ground is very important, whenever civil structures are constructed in those coastal areas. It is because the ground is composed of highly compressible marine clay. In this paper, the physical and compression characteristics of Incheon, Mokpo, Gwangyang and Busan marine clay were analyzed and the characteristics between western and southern coastal marine clays were compared. For this, test results of 1,471 samples from 114 sites were used. As a result, Incheon clay showed the lowest plasticity and the highest unit weight due to influx of silt from the Yellow River and the turn of the tide of Incheon area. However, Gwangyang clay showed highly compressible characteristic due to extensive reclamation. On the other hand, Mokpo and Busan clay showed partially similar levels of characteristics. The compression index of Mokpo and Busan clay was high more than twice in comparison with Incheon clay and that of Gwangyang clay was higher than seventy percents in comparison with Mokpo and Busan clay.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 2000

The geostatistical analyses for the chemical components of pH, TS, KMnO4 Demand, Cl, SO$_4$ and NO$_3$-N are carried out to understand the groundwater contamination in Pusan. The average values of each component are 7.2 for pH, 336.4mg/$\ell$ for TS, 2.3mg/$\ell$ for KMnO$_4$ Demand, 44.3mg/$\ell$ for Cl, 36.0mg/$\ell$ for SO$_4$, and 4.6mg/$\ell$ for NO$_3$-N. The ratios over the drinking standard of each component are 0.34% for pH, 2.27% for TS, 1.55% for KMnO$_4$ Demand, 1.59% for Cl, 0.57% for SO$_4$, and 3.7% for NO$_3$-N. The highest ratio of NO$_3$-N results from the municipal sewage and exhaust gas of vehicles. The isopleth maps of 6 chemical components show that the high values of groundwater contamination come from the inland of Pusan, and that some high values appear at the coastal area. The isopleth maps of Cl and SO$_4$ related with seawater intrusion also show that the high values appear only at the particular coastal area, not at the whole area. On the isopleth maps of Cl and SO$_4$, the anomalies of the concentration contours were compared with the directions of two large fault zones, the Ilkwang Fault and the Dongrae Fault. Apparently, they don't have the particular correlation. Therefore, it is concluded that the main source of groundwater contamination in Pusan is not the seawater, but the municipal sewage and other sources such as the exhaust gas of vehicles, the contaminated surface water, the waste water of factories, and the leachate of waste landfills.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2012

Long-term wave observation was carried out near Busan New Port and the major wave characteristics were analyzed. At Busan New Port, waves from south direction were predominant throughout the year, while waves from the west, developed at the north sea of Geoje island, appeared almost the same frequency in winter season, showing apparent seasonal variation. During the observation period, the significant wave height was mostly less than 1 m, but it reached its maximum of 8.0 m when typhoon Maemi passed on September 2003. Also, the seasonal variation was hardly observed except July. In contrast, seasonal variation was apparent for the significant wave period, whose peak ranges 4~5 s in summer whereas about 3 s in winter. The largest significant wave period was 15.56 s, observed on June 2003. Meanwhile, the annual variation was negligible for mean wave direction as well as significant wave height and period. Further analysis of the wave data acquired for 5 years at 4.5 km south, in the south sea of Daejuk island, confirmed high correlation between the two observation points in summer and vice versa in winter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.322-330
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• 2020

Modeling for outliers in time series was carried out using the MSL and extreme high, low tide levels (EHL, HLL) data set in the Busan and Mokpo stations. The time-series model is seasonal ARIMA model including the components of the AO (additive outliers) and LS (level shift). The optimal model was selected based on the AIC value and the model parameters were estimated using the 'tso' function (in 'tsoutliers' package of R). The main results by the model application, i.e.. outliers and level shift detections, are as follows. (1) The two AO are detected in the Busan monthly EHL data and the AO magnitudes were estimated to 65.5 cm (by typhoon MAEMI) and 29.5 cm (by typhoon SANBA), respectively. (2) The one level shift in 1983 is detected in Mokpo monthly MSL data, and the LS magnitude was estimated to 21.2 cm by the Youngsan River tidal estuary barrier construction. On the other hand, the RMS errors are computed about 1.95 cm (MSL), 5.11 cm (EHL), and 6.50 cm (ELL) in Busan station, and about 2.10 cm (MSL), 11.80 cm (EHL), and 9.14 cm (ELL) in Mokpo station, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2008

Youngwon channel located in Chinhae city and formed by the Busan New Port Construction Project has been concerned about the water quality degradation problems because of the flow and pollutants stagnation due to its long-narrow shape. In this study, the water quality(hereafter WQ) variation is analysed by using the monthly WQ data measured in Yongwon channel from 2003 to 2007. The analysis shows that the TN and TP concentration in the inside Yongwon channel is definitely worse than the TN and TP concentration in the entrance of the Yongwon channel based on the 95% confidence level. The COD, TN, and TP concentrations in the Yongwon channel are 1.34, 2.08, and 1.80 times larger than that in the entrance of the Yongwon channel, respectively. It has been found that only the TP concentration in SW-26 station has an increasing trend based on the Mann-Kendall test with respect to 95% confidence level. The other stations and the other WQ constituent changes do not have the any significant trends.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1239-1245
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the flora and distribution of evergreen plants in Busan from February 2003 to September 2004. A total of 68 evergreen plant taxa belonging to 33 families, 51 genera, 60 species, and 8 varieties were recognized in Busan. 9 species was included in evergreen plant taxa such as Akebia quinata, Rosa wichuraiana, Osmanthus heterophyllus, Lonicera japonica, Lonicera japonica var. repens, and Carex boottiana. In the forests of evergreen, the canopy consisted of tall trees such as Pinus thunbergii, and understatum trees such as Eurya japonica, Elaegnus macrophylla, and Euonymus japonica. Herb layer consisted of Rubus hirsutus, Hedera rhombea, and Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium. In addition to evergreen plant communities, the patchy spaced communities occurred Neolitsea sericea-Cinnamomum japonicum community, Ficus erecta community, Hedera rhombea-Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium community, Ardisia japonica community, Gleichenia dichotoma community, and G. Japonica community. For rate of appearance of species in 23 sites, 13 species was appeared more than 50% and 29 species less than 10%. There was marked a decrease in the number (density) of evergreen according to the geographic distances from seaside to inland.