• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.969-979
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• 2021

Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disease, and the goal of diabetes treatment is to keep blood glucose at a normal level and prevent complications from diabetes. Hyperglycemia is a key pathologic feature of type 2 diabetes that mainly results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Chronic exposure of β-cells to elevated glucose concentrations induces glucotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether an 80% ethanol extract of Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko (OEE) protected INS-1 pancreatic β-cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with a high concentration of glucose (high glucose = 30 mM) induced glucotoxicity and apoptosis of INS-1 pancreatic β cells. Treatment with OEE significantly increased cell viability. Treatment with 0.01-0.20 mg/ml OEE dose dependently decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels and increased insulin secretion in high glucose-pretreated INS-1 β cells. OEE also significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in response to high-glucose-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, OEE treatment significantly reduced the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. Apoptotic cells were identified using Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining, which revealed that treatment with OEE significantly reduced high-glucose-induced apoptosis. These findings implicate OEE as a valuable functional food in protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2020

Under Article 19, Paragraph 1 of the Food Industry Promotion Act, Rural Development Administration renews the Korean foods composition table every five years. Before the publication of the tenth revision of the Korean foods composition table in 2021, this paper suggests methods for collecting representative samples of 182 highly consumed foods in Korea. Food markets are categorized by their distribution channels, which are supermarkets and local markets. Eight samples are collected from each category by applying the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP)'s stratified multi-stage sampling. The NFNAP was implemented in 1997 as a collaborative food composition research effort between the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to secure reliable estimates for the nutrient content of food and beverages consumed by the US population. Selected supermarkets for selecting representative food samples are Emart Kayang, Homeplus Siheung, Lottemart Dongducheon, Emart Suwon, Lottemart Dunsan, Lottemart Yeosu, Emart Ulsan, and Hanaroclub Ulsan. Selected local markets also are Doksandongusijang in Geumcheon-gu and Pungnapsijang in Songpa-gu, Seoul, Ilsansijang in Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Unamsijang in Buk-gu, Gwangju, Beopdongsijang in Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, Bongnaesijang in Yeongdo-gu and Jwadongjaeraesijang in Haeundae-gu, Busan, and Jungangsijang in Jinhae-gu, Changwon.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 1998

This thesis includes a study on the legal regulation, the system and formalities on the control of illegal fishing. And the author analyzed the details of the lists of illegal fishing controlled by fishing patrol vessels of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries from 1994 to 1996 in adjacent sea area of Korea. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The fishing patrol vessels controlled total 826 cases in 2,726 days of 292 voyages by 17 vessels in 1994, total 1,086 cases in 3,060 days of 333 voyages by 18 vessels in 1995 and total 933 cases in 3,126 days of 330 voyages by 19 vessels in 1996. 2. The fishing period of illegal fishing was generally concentrated from April to September. But year after year, illegal fishing was scattered throughout the year. 3. The most controlled sea area of illegal fishing was the south central sea area in the sea near Port of Tongyeong. The sea area occupied about 36~51% of totality and the controlled cases were gradually increased every year. The second was the south western sea area in the sea near Port of Yosu. The sea area occupied about 18-27% and the controlled cases were a little bit increased every year. The third was the south eastern sea area in the sea near Pusan. The sea area occupied about 13~23% and the controlled cases were gradually decreased year by year. 4. The most controlled kind of illegal fishing was the small size bottom trawl. This occupied about 81-95% of totality and the controlled cases were gradually increased year by year. The second was the medium size bottom trawl. This occupied about 4-7% and the controlled cases were gradually decreased year by year. The third was the trawl of the coastal sea, this occupied about 2~4% and the controlled cases were a little bit decreased every year. 5. The most controlled address of illegal fishing manager was Pusan city which occupied about 33-51% of totality. The second was Cheonnam which occupied about 24-29%. The third was Kyungnam which occupied about 16~35%. 6. The most controlled violation of regulations was Article 57 of the Fisheries Act which occupied about 56-64% of totality. The second was Article 23 of Protectorate for Fisheries Resources which occupied about 21-36%. And the controlled cases by it were gradually increased every year.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.570-579
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• 2019

Diabetes is one of the serious chronic metabolic diseases caused by Westernized eating habits, and the goal of diabetes treatment is to keep blood glucose at a normal level and prevent diabetic complications. This study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of a mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) extract (MWE) on hyperglycemia in an animal model with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control, rosiglitazone, and MWE. The mice supplemented with MWE showed significantly lower blood levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin when compared with the diabetic control mice. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance was significantly lower in mice supplemented with MWE than in diabetic control mice. MWE supplementation significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt, and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in insulin signaling pathway of skeletal muscles. Eventually, MWE increased the expression of the plasma membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) via PI3K/Akt activation. These findings demonstrate that the increase in plasma membrane GLUT4 expression by MWE promoted the uptake of blood glucose into cells and relieved hyperglycemia in skeletal muscles of diabetic C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice. Therefore, mealworms are expected to prove useful for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, and further studies are needed to improve type 2 diabetes in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.523-526
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• 2005

Purpose : Hypoalbuminemia is a rare cause of pleural effusion. The relationship between the severity of hypoalbuminemia and the clinical course of pleural effusion is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of clinical course according to the severity of hypoalbuminemia due to pleural effusion in children. Methods : A total of 96 patients admitted to Pusan National University Hospital with pleural effusion from August 1998 to August 2004 were studied retrospectively. The 79 patients who had only infectious causes were evaluated according to their albumin levels. They were divided into the two groups : group 1 had serum albumin levels of ${\leq}2.5g/dL$; group 2 : >2.5 g/dL. The clinical courses of each group were compared. Results : The nature of pleural effusion was transudates in seven cases and exudates in 89 cases. The most commom causes of transudates were renal failure(four cases) and the most common causes of exudates were parapneumonic effusion(58 cases). There was no statistical significance in mean ages, BUN, creatinine, potassium, bilirubin and WBC in each group. Four patient in group 1 and 26 patients in group 2 improved after medication of antibiotics or anti-tuberculosis agents only. Fourteen patients in group 1 and 26 patients in group 2 improved after thoracostomy with use of antibiotics. Eight patients in group 1 and one patient in group 2 had ventilator care with use of antibiotics therapy. Conclusion : Children who were diagnosed as pleural effusion with low serum albumin levels on admission had poorer prognoses than those with normal levels. We conclude that lower serum albumin level on admission is an important prognosis factor in a patient with pleural effusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.482-491
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• 2002

This study was to evaluate health management and life habits of the urban salaried workers. The results showed the followings: There were more men than women who thought their health good (p<0.01). Stomach disease was the highest in the subjects, and the second was liver disease (p<0.001). Of respondents, 10% always exercised in the morning, 26% often, and 63% never. Men took exercise more regularly than women (p<0.001). The kinds of exercises were walk (33%), jogging (25%), physical training (14%), golf (6.4%), rope jumping, and tennis. Men ate healthy drug more than womon. Most of men thought that sports were the best for health management. Women considered that baying regular habits was the best for control of her health. The smoking rate of respondents was 41%, and the rate in Chinju showed higher than the other area (p<0.001). Man smokers were more than women (p<0.001). Drinking rate of respondents was 78%. Men enjoyed soju, while women liked beer (p<0.001)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2021

A bacterial strain isolated from a Malva verticillata leaf was identified as Bacillus velezensis MV2 based on the 16S rRNA sequencing results. Complete genome sequencing revealed that B. velezensis MV2 possessed a single 4,191,702-bp contig with 45.57% GC content. Generally, Bacillus spp. are known to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds including bacteriocins, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. Antimicrobial compounds in the B. velezensis MV2 were extracted from culture supernatants using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The crude extracts showed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria; however, they were more effective against gram-positive bacteria. The extracts also showed antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium fujikuroi and F. graminearum. In time-kill assays, these antimicrobial compounds showed bactericidal activity against Bacillus cereus, used as indicator strain. To predict the type of antimicrobial compounds produced by this strain, we used the antiSMASH algorithm. Forty-seven secondary metabolites were predicted to be synthesized in MV2, and among them, fourteen were identified with a similarity of 80% or more with those previously identified. Based on the antimicrobial properties, the antimicrobial compounds may be nonribosomal peptides or polyketides. These compounds possess the potential to be used as biopesticides in the food and agricultural industry as an alternative to antibiotics.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.745-751
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• 2004

Following a preceding study of Shin et al.(2004), wave fields for a month of September of 2003 are simulated based on the modified WAM cycle 4 model that enables the precise wave hindcasting with fine spatial meshes, and characteristics of extreme waves at the south coast of Korea are analyzed The accuracy of applied wave model is verified by comparing computed wave parameters and corresponding ones measured at Ieodo ocean research station. The wave hindcasting of typhoon 'Maemi' with an hour time interval reveals the extreme wave characteristics at 4 primary locations of south coast of Korea as follows: 1) At the front sea of Chaguido in the south of Jeju-do, the maximum significant wave height, mean wave period and mean wave direction appear to be 7.41m, 13.65s and $6.4^{\circ}$ respectively at 16:00 KST of Sep. 12, 2003. 2) At the entrance of Masan Bay, 12.50m, 13.65s and $1.2^{\circ}$ at 21:00 KST of Sep. 12. 3) At the front sea of Suyoung Bay, 13.85m, 13.81s and $0.2^{\circ}$ at 22;00 KST of Sep. 12. 4) At the front sea of Ulsan port, l1.00m, 13.25s and $2.8^{\circ}$ at 23:00 KST of Sep. 12.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.203-234
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• 2019

The concept of denied boarding is defined in Article 2(j) of Regulation 261/2004 thus: "denied boarding means a refusal to carry passengers on a flight, although they have presented themselves for boarding under the conditions laid down in Article 3(2), except where there are reasonable grounds to deny them boarding, such as reasons of health, safety or security, or inadequate travel documentation." So far as relevant to this case, to be entitled to compensation, if denied boarding, Article 3(2) provides a passenger must first come within the scope of the protection of the Regulation, which applies under the following conditions: "${\cdots}$.that passengers (a) have a confirmed reservation on the flight concerned and, except in the case of cancellation referred to in Article 5, present themselves for check-in, as stipulated and at the time indicated in advance and in writing (including by electronic means) by the air carrier, the tour operator or an authorised travel agent, or, if no time is indicated, not later than 45 minutes before the published departure time." This paper reviews the EU Cases such as Rodríguez Cachafeiro v. Iberia [2012] Case C-321/11; Finnair Oyj v. Timy Lassooy [2012] Case C-22/11; Caldwell v. easyJet Airline Co. Ltd. [2015] ScotSC 64. ECJ and Sheriff court of Scotland held that the concept of denied boarding, within the meaning of Articles 2(j) and 4 of Regulation No 261/2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation No 295/91, must be interpreted as relating not only to cases where boarding is denied because of overbooking but also to those where boarding is denied on other grounds, such as operational reasons. Also, ECJ ruled that Articles 2(j) and 4(3) must be interpreted as meaning that the occurrence of extraordinary circumstances resulting in an air carrier rescheduling flights after those circumstances arose cannot give grounds for denying boarding on those later flights or for exempting that carrier from its obligation, under Article 4(3) of that regulation, to compensate a passenger to whom it denies boarding on such a flight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2004

Following a preceding study if Shin et al.(2004), wave fields for a month if September if 2003 are simulated based on the modified WAM cycle 4 model that enables the precise wave hindcasting with fine spatial meshes, and characteristics of extreme waves at the south roast if Koreo are analyzed The accuracy if applied wave model is verified by comparing computed wave parameters and corresponding ones measured at Ieodo ocean research station. The wave hindasting if typhoon 'Maemi' with an hour time interval reveals the extreme wave characteristics at 4 primary locations if south coast of Korea as follows: 1) At the front sea of Chaguido in the south of Jeju-do, the maximum significant wave height, moon wave period and mean wave direction appear to be 7.41m, 13.65s and $6.4^{\circ}$, respectively at 16:00 KST if Sep. 12, 2003. 2) At the entrance of Masan Bay, 12.50m, 13.65s and $1.2^{\circ}$ at 21:00 KST if Sep. 12. 3) At the front sea of Suyoung Bay, 13.85m, 13.81s and $0.2^{\circ}$ at 22;00 KST if Sep. 12. 4) At the front sea of Ulsan port, 11.00m, 13.25s and $28^{\circ}$ at 23:00 KST if Sep.