• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.303-312
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• 2007

Steel box girder bridges are being commonly designed for medium-span bridges of span length. Composite truss bridges with steel diagonals instead of concrete webs can be an excellent design alternative, because it can reduce the dead weight of superstructures. One of the key issues in the design of composite truss bridges is the joint structureconnecting the diagonal steel members with the upper and lower concrete slabs. Because the connection has to carry concentrated combined loads and the design provisions for the joint are not clear, it is necessary to investigate the load transfer mechanism and the design methods for each limit state. There are various connection details according to the types of diagonal members. In this paper, the joint structure with group stud connectors welded on a gusset plate is used. Push-out tests for the group stud connectors of were performed. The test results showed that the current design codes on the ultimate strength ofthe stud connection can be used when the required minimum spacing of stud connectors is satisfied. Flexure-shear tests were conducted to verify the applicability of the design provisions for combined load effects to the strength of joint structures. To increase the pullout strength of the connection, bent studs were proposed and utilized for the edge studs in the group arrangement of the joint. The results showed that the details of the joint structure were enhanced. Thereafter, design guidelines were proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.5 s.89
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• pp.761-768
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• 2005

Lately outmoded and functionally obsolete buildings constructed in 1960s and 1970s are often remodelled and restored. Even though there are not serious structural defects in the existing buildings, many old buildings have been reconstructed to improve residence quality or to extend residence area of the buildings. The experimental or theoretical research on plane expansion of RC apartments is quite scare. In this research, 12 specimens and 19 RC slabs connected by hinged joints were tested. The new slab was connected to the existing slab by hinge joints injecting dowel bars between two slabs. Main parameters of the slabs are types of the dowel bars (D13 and D19), spacing of the dowel bars (150mm, 300mm, and 450mm), and the locations of the steel bars in the existing slabs. The test results indicated that the shear strength of the RC test slabs having various types of dowel bars was about twice that calculated by the ACI 318-02 code. All slabs failed in concrete spatting and the dowel steel bars did not reach their yield strengths.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

This review investigates the basic principle of physical interactions and failure mechanisms introduced in the materials and inner parts of semiconducting components under electromagnetic pulses (EMPs). The transfer process of EMPs at the semiconducting component level can be explained based on three layer structures (air, dielectric, and conductor layers). The theoretically absorbed energy can be predicted by the complex reflection coefficient. The main failure mechanisms of semiconductor components are also described based on the Joule heating energy generated by the coupling between materials and the applied EMPs. Breakdown of the P-N junction, burnout of the circuit pattern in the semiconductor chip, and damage to connecting wires between the lead frame and semiconducting chips can result from dielectric heating and eddy current loss due to electric and magnetic fields. To summarize, the EMPs transferred to the semiconductor components interact with the chip material in a semiconductor, and dipolar polarization and ionic conduction happen at the same time. Destruction of the P-N junction can result from excessive reverse voltage. Further EMP research at the semiconducting component level is needed to improve the reliability and susceptibility of electric and electronic systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.269-280
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• 2017

In this study, seismic performance was evaluated for the exposed column-base plate weak-axis connections of small size steel structures through cyclic loading tests. The primary test parameters are the thickness of base plate, the presence of rib plates, the number of anchor bolts and embedment length of anchor bolts. To investigate the effect of bond performance of anchor bolts on the seismic performance of column-base plate connections, L-shaped round bars and thread bars were used as the hooked anchor bolts in the test specimens. Test results showed that bond performance of anchor bolts and the thickness of base plate significantly affect the structural performance and energy dissipation capacity. In particular, it was found that even if the requirements for minimum thickness of the base plate that is satisfied, the base plate can yield before the capacity of steel column reaches the plastic moment resulting in decreasing the structural performance of the connections. However, the proposed details of the connections might be considered as the partially restrained, that is semi-rigid connections. Consequently, the L-shaped thread anchor bolts is applicable in the exposed column-base plate weak-axis connections of small-size steel structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2016

치아는 인체중에서도 혹한 환경에서 부분으로 높은 하중과 타액과 같은 강 부식성 매체로 그 환경이 상상을 초월한다. 즉 반복적으로 가해지는 하중(응력)과 침식을 유발하는 타액과 음식물 등이다. 따라서 치아가 쉽게 파괴되거나 썩는 현상이 나타나게 된다. 이렇게 사용되다가 치아의 역할을 다하게 되면 인공치아를 사용하게 되는데 그 재료가 바로 타이타늄(Ti)이다. 생체매식재로 사용되는 Ti는 반응성이 높아 산소와 쉽게 결합하여 표면에 TiO, $TiO_2$, 및 $Ti_2O_3$와 같은 산화피막을 표면에 형성함으로써 뛰어난 부식저항성과 생체적합성을 가지며 생체에 독성이 없고 탄성계수가 골과 비슷하여 골과 임플란트 경계면에서 응력분산에 유리한 성질 등 물리적, 기계적 성질이 뛰어나 외과용 임플란트 재료로 가장 좋은 재료이다. 금속 임플란트의 생체적합도는 임플란트 재료 자체보다는 생체 내 산화막이 화학적으로 불안정할 때 부식이 발생하게 되고 그 결과 금속이온이 주위로 유리되어 조직반응을 일으키므로 금속의 표면을 덮고 있는 산화막에 의해 좌우된다. Ti는 생체불활성재료로서 매식재료로 사용할 경우 뼈와 잘 융합되는 골유착을 나타내나 골과 화학적결합은 하지 않고 골형성을 적극적으로 유도하지 못함으로 환자의 치유기간이 길어지게 된다. 이러한 이유로 골조직내 임플란트의 접합을 개선하기위한 연구가 이루어져 골과의 결합을 높이기 위해 골유착을 일으키는 Ti에 골성장을 유도하는 뼈성분인 하이드록시 아파타이트(HA)라는 물질을 플라즈마 코팅법을 사용하던가 아니면 Hanks' solution내에서 침적 후 HA도금을 하는 방법 등으로 처리하고 있다. 그러나 플라즈마 코팅법은 고온에서 처리를 행하고 Hanks' solution내에 침적할 경우 Ti표면에 밀착도가 저하되거나 합금의 상변화 등으로 인하여 표면처리 과정 중에서 내식성이 크게 감소될 수 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 코팅법을 통하여 골 유착을 증진시키기 위한 연구는 계속되고 있지만 임상적으로 사용 후 문제가 단시일에 발생되는 것도 아니고 수년이 지나야 나타나게 된다. 이러한 방법으로 코팅을 하게 되면 골과 잘 유착이 되어 자연차아와 같은 기능을 하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 최소화하는 방법이 나노구조를 표면에 형성시켜 골유착을 쉽게 함으로써 이를 개선할 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 강의에서는 임플란트의 문제와 사용되는 재료에 대하여 고찰하여 자연치아를 대체 할 수 있는지 알아보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

Currently, the prefabricated bridge having the effects to reduce the term of works and the cost of construction is often studied and countries such as America have already developed members, the parts of it, and the technique of construction. In addition, they have supplied them to the fields. The study of prefabricated method of steel composite bridge, which has the precast deck - plate and main girder fixed by high tension bolt and can resist horizontal sheer, is being progressed. However, it is difficult to understand the characteristics of the prefabricated bridge's behavior when the superstructure of the prefabricated method is analyzed by applying to the analysis model of existing bridges. Therefore, this study has the purpose of understanding real structural behavior of prefabricated bridge through comparison and analysis between the structural analysis model reflecting the characteristics of the real prefabricated bridge's superstructure and real size experiment.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.491-496
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• 2015

The headed studs used extensively for steel-composite construction are specified as SS400 in the current Korean Standard specification considering the welding condition. And the corresponding equation for the shear force calculation is limited for the use of compression strength of concrete below $300kgf/cm^2$. However, it is expected that the high strengthening and precasting of both steel and concrete due to the necessity of shear connector or other connecting material for the combination of steel and concrete. Therefore, the experimental results obtained during the development process of high strength stud for the connection of high strength concrete and the steel member are reported in this paper. Also the effectiveness of newly developed shear connector using pipe(pipe stud) to increase the stiffness of a stud is verified by comparing both the stiffness and the strength with common stud bolt through the welding ability, mechanical characteristics and experimental investigation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1385-1391
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• 1996

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura has been classified as a type of mesothelioma. This tumor have been recently described and distinguished from the mesothelioma, immunohistochemically and elect r om ic ro scop ical 1 y Thls 65 years female was admitted with right chest pain, coughing and dysnea. Chest X-ray and C-T scan showed a huge mass in the right thorax. Right thoracotomy was done and a 12$\times$12$\times$6cm(400gm) sized mass was excised, and the tumor had metastasized to the diaphragm, parietal pleura and lung parenchyma. Microscopically, the tumor Is composed of oval-round and plump spindle cells with diffuse pattern. There are occasional mitoses (311 OHPFS) and invasion to lung parenchyma. The immunohistochemical and electromicroscopical findings are consistent with malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. We experienced a case of pleural malignant solitary fibrous tumor and report this case with the review of literature.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2012

The failure of tenon in a traditional wood-framed structure may collapse of the entire structure. This study evaluates the strength and stiffness of tenon joints between the beams and pillars through experimental study and suggests reinforcing method of the tenon joint without dismantling the main structures. The main experimental parameters are the number, distance, shape, and inserting depth of spiral-shaped reinforcing steels. As the thickness of the tenon in beams increases, the strength and the initial shear stiffness of the joint increases and, however, the tenons in pillar becomes weaker, resulting in the safety problem of the structure. It is recommended that three spiral-shaped reinforcing steels be placed in the central parts of the tenon to effectively improve the strength and the shear stiffness of the joint.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

This study was conducted on greenhouses whose side heights had been raised after the columns of 1-2W basic type greenhouses had been cut and welding with the same-sized pipes. When the wind load or snow load affects restructured pipe greenhouse like this, those parts will be structurally unsafe. To examine this, the bending strength of welded columns were measured through four stages and compared with the pipes in their original condition. Results are as follows. In the case of a bending test on welded joints about steel pipes used for greenhouses, satisfactory results couldn't be drawn because sections of both ends and the loading parts couldn't endure loads and sank regardless of loading methods. Partial problems could be solved by inserting inside pipe(steel bar) at the sections and the loading parts, but it was necessary to devise more satisfactory bending test methods. The strength of welded joints wasn't much different compared with original conditions and demonstrated only slight differences according to the sample production conditions. However, significant incompleteness in the welding process was expected to cause a decisive loss in strength. On the assumption that there were no problems in the welding process or with regard to the inclination of sub materials for columns after connection, it was deemed reasonable to assume that the strength of welded pipes was about 84~90% of the strength of the pipes in their original condition. Considering mid- and long-term strength decline following the onset of rust at joints or welding sections, structural changes in the main sub materials that are used for greenhouses at farmhouses have to be avoided to ensure structural safety, unless these changes are inevitable.