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Geomorphological Approach in Geological Mapping of the Miocene and Post-Miocene Formations in the Albudeite Area, Spain (동남(東南) Spain Albudeite 지역(地域)의 Miocene및 Post-Miocene Formation에 대한 지질조사(地質調査)에 있어서의 지형학적(地形學的)인 접근(接近))

  • Yun, Suckew
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.171-182
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    • 1973
  • Gemorphological and photogeological techniqes are applied to the problem of geological mapping of a semi-arid area, Albudeite, Southeastern Spain. As a result of this, a geological and surface materials map is made which shows the upper Miocene formation, which mainly consists of marl, limestone and sandstone, is further subdivided into three members, i. e. lower, middle and upper, and the post-Miocene deposits were differentiated into seven stratigraphic units, and mapped. The relationships between geology, landforms and land comlexes previously reognized have been reviewed. The methods adopted have proved to be valuable in interpreting and mapping a compex relationship in which highly variable bedrock outcrops and shallow surface materiales produced under sub-aerial conditios.

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Design and fabrication of paper microfluidic channel (종이기반 미세유체 채널의 설계 및 제작기술)

  • Lee, Jung-Hyun;Hwang, Yoo-Sun;Jung, Hyo-Il
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.525-530
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    • 2011
  • Emotion is composed of various feelings such as pleasure, sorrow, comfortability, and so on. The complicated process of the measurement has long been recognized as a major hindrance for the studies of emotion. Previously, individuals' emotion has mainly been measured by means of self-report, interview, EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram), EOG (electroculography), and body temperature. With thanks to nano/micro technologies, the possibility in the development of emotion-on-a-chip (EOC) has begun to be proposed. EOC will make it possible to analyze one's psychological status by taking a drop of blood. Discovery of emotional biomarkers in body fluids, understanding of the correlation between those biomarkers and the results from brain science are prerequisites to validate the EOC technology. In this paper, paper microfluidics are introduced as a good candidate for the EOC. As paper microfluidics is cost-effective and easy to use it is expected to be a useful device for the emotion measurement. We present the design and fabrication process for the simple paper-based microfluidic device and discuss the possible application in the field of measuring the human emotion.

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Studies on the Causal Factors of Landslides on Limestone Soils in Pyeongchangkun (산사태(山沙汰) 발생요인(發生要因)에 관한 연구(硏究) -평창군(平昌郡) 석회암지대(石灰岩地帶)를 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Lee, Soo-Wook
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 1979
  • The characteristics of landslides occurred in August 5, 1979 in pyeongchangkun were surveyed and indentified as follows. 1. Deep limestone regions. Distinct differences in soil texture between A1 and B horizon could be observed on soil profile, which is attributed to the clay illuviation. The clay illuvial horizon is supposed to be an important cause of large scale mudflows on middle slopes by the lubricant action of ground water flowing between top soil and subsoil. 2. Shallow limestone regions. Very shallow top soils (less than 50cm) laid on tilted bedrock stratification provide a proper condition of mass soil movement if the top soil is saturated and ground water flows between top soil and bedrock when concentrated heavy rainfalls shower. 3. Granite regions. Weathering granitic bedrock produces very coarse textured top soils which are very cohesionless and have many pores. Therefore, the soil has high infiltration ratio and is easy to be saturated by water and to be detached from the bedrock. The landslides abrase very severely both sides of gully with high potential energy when they flow down. The following methods for landslide prevention can be recommended. 1. The original parts of landslides on top of the gully must be treated by intensive planting of deep rooting species and check dams. 2. Clear-cutting and crop planting on steep slope (more than 25 degrees) should be controlled and prohibited. 3. Establishment of landslide prevention forest should be practised on proper site.

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(2)건강기능식품법의 하위법 제정에 즈음한 방향 제안

  • Son, Dong-Hwa
    • Bulletin of Food Technology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.73-101
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    • 2002
  • 21세기는 과학기술의 비약적인 발전으로 정보통신기술, 환경기술, 나노기술 그리고 생명과학에 의한 바이오기술이 고부가가치 지식산업으로서 국가경쟁력 강회를 위한 국가전략 핵심산업으로 대두되고 있습니다. 특히 바이오기술의 응용산업인 건강기능식품은 국민의 질병예방과 건강증진을 통한 삶의 질 향상에 이바지하고, 21세기 미래 고부가가치산업으로 발전할 것으로 기대하고 있습니다. 이러한 시기에 국민보건과 건강기능식품산업의 발전을 위한 건강기능식품에 관한 법률(건강기능식품법) 이 의원입법으로 국회에 상정되어 1년 이상의 검토를 거쳐 지난 7월 31일에 국회 본회의를 통과하였습니다. 그후 8월 26일자로 이 법을 정부에서 공포하였으며 내년 8월 26일부터는 발효할 예정입니다. 그러나, 건강기능식품법의 제정은 건강기능식품관련 제도의 완성이 아니라 시작입니다. 즉, 건강기능식품법의 기초는 마련하였지만, 그 하위법인 시행령, 시행규칙, 고시등이 제대로 된 모습을 갖추어야 비로소 국민이 만족하고, 산학연의 동반 발전을 이룰 수 있는 이 분야의 산업발전을 기할 수 있습니다. 그리고, 건강기능식품담당 정부부처인 식품의약품안전청은 현실적으로 그 하위법을 금년 말(2002년)이나 내년 초(2003년)에 준비한 후 입법 예고하여야하는 시간적 제약을 안고 있습니다. 이러한 연유로 단기간 내에 하위법을 준비하다 보면 자칫 애초에 정부와 산학연이 바라던 바와는 다른 엉뚱한결과를 초래할 우려가 있는 만큼, 법 제도의 명확한 방향설정이 매우 중요합니다. 그래서, 한국식품과학회 건강기능식품분과위원회는 이 문제의 중요성을 깊이 인식하고 산학연 전문가그룹(식품과학자, 영양과학자, 학계, 연구계, 기업계: 16인)을 구성하였습니다. 전문가그룹은 지난 7 - 8월, 2달 동안에 수 차례 회의를 통하여, 건강기능식품법 하위법 준비 중 핵심사항은 건강기능식품의 기능성 표시와 평가 라는 점에 착안하고, 이에 대하여 중점적으로 검토하였습니다. 그 이외에도 섭취량 설정 , 심사자료의 인증요건 , 기능성분의 표시 등에 대하여도 부수적으로 검토하였습니다. 그 결과, 동물실험을 이용한 기능성평가 방향 (이미 본지의 전호에서 게재한 바 있어생략)을 제외한 주요사항을 다음의 별도 기사로 각각 소개합니다. 또한, 이 내용은 지난 9월 13일, COEX에서 제1회 건강기능식품 전시회 및 학술세미나 행사의 일환으로서 개최된 학술세미나에서 발표하고 토론회를 거쳤습니다. 또한, 지난 10월 26일, 무주리조트에서 식품과학회 추계학술대회 행사의 일환으로 개최된 건강기능식품분과위원회의 토론회에서도 좋은 의견을 교환한 바 있습니다. 두 차례의 토론회를 통하여 건강기능식품분과위원회가 제안한 초안이 대체적으로 매우 바람직한 것으로 평가받았으며 많은 동의를 얻었습니다. 이어서 토론회의 내용을 반영한 식품과학회의 안을 최종적으로 준비하고 이를 11월초에 식품의약품안전청에게 정책 건의하였습니다. 다음의 별도기사에 덧붙여서, 토론회를 통하여 수정(또는 강조)하고자 하는 부분은 아래와 같습니다. 1) 동물실험 등에서 흡수, 대사 등으로 표기한 서술 용어는 흡수, 분포, 대사, 배설 로 대체합니다. 2) 기능성 평가방법의 표준화와 관련하여 분과위원회에서 제시한 안은 평가방법은 심의위원회가 사안에 따라 기능성 평가시에 그 평가방법의 적합성을 검토함이 바람직하다 라고 하였습니다. 그러나, 이를 부분적으로는 평가방법을 표준화할 필요가있다 로 수정하고자 합니다. 즉, 평가방법이 전혀 제시되지 않으면 막막함으로, 기본적인 방법이면서 여러사람들이 참고로 할만한 방법에 대하여는 표준화를 병행함이 더욱 좋겠다고 생각합니다. 또한, 표준방법으로 제시된 것만이 유일한 방법은 아니므로 다른 방법으로 평가하는 것도 가능함으로 제시합니다. 3) (가칭)건강기능식품 인체시험 관리지침과 관련하여 이는 식약청장이 정할 사안이지만, 그것은 국내 의약품 임상시험 관리지침 과는 뚜렷이 차별화되는 것으로 실제로는 의사의 도움없이도 인체시험을 시행할 수 있음을 명확히 할 필요가 있습니다.

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Influence of ACLSV-infection on Fruit Quality of 'Hongro' Apples (ACLSV(Apple chlorotic leafspot virus) 감염이 사과 '홍로' 품종의 과실품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ran;Kim, Jeong-Soo;Hwang, Jeong-Hwan;Lee, Sin-Ho;Choi, Gug-Seon;Choi, Yong-Mun
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.145-149
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    • 2004
  • 'Hongro' is one of the most important apple cultivars whose growing area is increasing because of its good quality. Recently fruit shrinking symptom causing decrease of fruit size, juice, and quality, appears in some commercial 'Hongro' orchards. The average frequency of occurrence of fruit shrinking symptom was 12 % of total trees investigated and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) was detected from all the trees showing fruit shrinking symptom by ELISA. A typical virus infection symptom of leaf epinasty and stem necrosis appeared on woody indicators, Spy227 and Virginia crab grafted with infected trees and all the grafted trees showed positive reaction to ACLSV antiserum by ELISA. It was proved that ACLSV can be easily transmitted by grafting. ACLSV was also isolated from the leaves of C. quinoa inoculated with sprouting leaf sap of infected trees. To prove that the fruit shrinking symptom was caused by ACLSV infection, ACLSV-infected scion was grafted on virus-free 'Hongro/M9' and the fruit characteristics were investigated. Consequently the same symptoms of fruit size and juice decreasing were observed from the trees grafted with ACLSV-infected scion. Therefore, it is suggested that the fruit shrinking symptom is caused by ACLSV infection and 'Hongro' can be classified as sensitive cultivar to ACLSV.

Development of Ganoderma lucidum on Soft and Hard Wood Logs and Determination of Organic Germanium and Ganoderic Acid Content of the Fruiting Body Produced (침엽수와 활엽수 골목에서 Ganoderma lucidum의 발생과 자실체의 Organic Germanium과 Ganoderic Acid 함량)

  • Sukarno, Nampiah;Aini, Al-Azhariati;Sumarna, Vivi;Rohaeti, Eti;Darusman, Latifah K.
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2004
  • The objectives of this experiment were to study the growth and development of fruiting body of the two Ganoderma lucidum isolates on log of the soft wood Paraserianthes falcataria and the hard wood Shorea sp., and determination of organic germanium and crude ganoderic acid content of the fruiting body produced. The two Ganoderma lucidum isolates used were one Indonesian native (Indonesia isolate) and another isolate was purchased from Fungi Perfecti, USA (commercial isolate). The development and quality of the primordium and fruiting body of the mushroom, in general, were influenced by the isolates used. The types of wood, however, had no effect on the quality of the primordium and fruiting body produced. The Indonesian isolate produced better fruiting body compared to that of the commercial isolate. The development of fruiting body from primordium, however, was low for the two isolates tested. In general, only about one third of the primordium developed further into mature fruiting bodies, except for the commercial isolate grown on the soft wood medium in which more than 60% of the primordium developed into mature fruiting body. Apart from producing normal fruiting body, the commercial isolate also produced an abnormal one, which had a white mature pileus, whereas the normal one was brownish red. The organic germanium concentration of the fruiting body produced on the hard wood, in general, was higher than that of grown on the soft wood. The fruiting body from commercial isolate had higher organic germanium concentration compared to that of Indonesian isolate in both wood types. The two isolates used, however, had almost the same value of the crude ganoderic acid concentration in both types of wood tested. The Indonesian isolate had higher total yield of both organic germanium and crude ganoderic acid of the fruiting body produced compared to that of the commercial isolate.

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A Case Study on the Preservation Treatment of Ancient Documents -Focusing on the "Keumganggyung-samgahae" from the Four Devas of Borimsa, Buddhist Temple at Jangheung County- (고문헌의 보존처리에 관한 사례연구 -장흥 보림사 사천왕상에서 발견된 『금강경삼가해』를 중심으로 -)

  • Roh Ki-Chun
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.79-94
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    • 2004
  • This research studied the preservation treatment of the papered literature the national treasure 745-9 $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$, discovered in 1995 from the Four Devas of Borimsa Buddhist Temple at Jangheung County, in the viewpoint of the bibliography. The overall features of the $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were of 25.3cm width, 38.9cm height 1.5cm depth, 58 pages and of high-fine yellow-brown colored reef paper. The book was ruined physically in the shape and color. The covers of the book were deeply stained by the permeated rain and some internal pages were changing into brown color by corrosion. The treatment policies were; maintaining the status quo and capable repeated treatment. And the preservation treatment was done in the sequences of 1) 1st cleaning process, 2) repairing and correcting, 3) 2nd cleaning and preservation 4) cutting, binding the book and making the envelope and wood box. The post-preservation features of $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were; total 64 pages and the size being 25.8 cm width 39.4cm of lenght, and 1.9cm of depth.

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Effects on the Jeju Island of Tsunamis Caused by Triple Interlocked Tokai, Tonankai, Nankai Earthquakes in Pacific Coast of Japan (일본 태평양 연안의 Tokai, Tonankai 및 Nankai의 3연동지진에 의한 지진해일이 제주도 연안에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Kwang-Ho;Kim, Min-Ji;Kawasaki, Koji;Cho, Sung;Kim, Do-Sam
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.295-304
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    • 2012
  • This study proposed a two-dimensional horizontal numerical model based on the nonlinear shallow water wave equations to simulate tsunami propagation and coastal inundation. We numerically investigated the possible impacts of tsunami caused by the triple interlocked Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes on the Jeju coastal areas, using the proposed model. The simultaneous Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes were created a virtual tsunami model of an M9.0 earthquake. In numerical analysis, a grid nesting method for the local grid refinement in shallow coastal regions was employed to sufficiently reproduce the shoaling effects. The numerical model was carefully validated through comparisons with the data collected during the tsunami events by 2011 East Japan Earthquake and 1983 central East Sea Earthquake (Nihonkai Chubu Earthquake). Tsunami propagation triggered by the combined Tokai, Tonanakai and Nankai, Earthquakes was simulated for 10 hours to sufficiently consider the effects of tsunami in the coastal areas of Jeju Island. The numerical results revealed that water level fluctuation in tsunami propagation is greatly influenced by water-depth change, refraction, diffraction and reflection. In addition, the maximum tsunami height numerically estimated in the coastal areas of Jeju Island was about 1.6 m at Sagye port.

A Study on Economic Analysis of Dug-well Irrigation Development in Newasa Block, Maharashtra State, India (인도(印度) NEWASA지역(地域)의 집수정(集水井) 관개개발(灌漑開發)의 경제분석(經濟分析)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lim, Jae Hwan;Raju, K.N.
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.139-152
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    • 1985
  • 본 NEWASA 지역의 접수관정관개 개발에 따른 정제성분석 연구는 IBRD-EDI와 INDIA RESERVE BANK의 College of Banking이 공동주최한 Trainers Trining for Rural Finance (1985. 1.19-3.1)의 일환으로 1985. 2. 14-19 까지 NEWASA BLOCK에 대한 정수정관개의 경제적 효율성을 평가하기 위하여 농가조사를 실시하였고, 그 분석결과를 정리한 것으로 농지는 넓으나 농업용수가 부족한 본 지역은 빈곤과 저생산성 농촌잠재 실업을 특징으로 하고 있다. 농촌소득의 제고와 농촌실업의 고용확대는 전 인구의 80% 이상이 농민인 본지역뿐만 아니라 선언도 경제개발의 중심과제이다. 호당 6 acres 규모의 관개가 가능한 Dug-well Irrigation Development는 연평균 강우량이 650m/m에 불과한 인도의 Plateau 지역에서는 농촌빈곤과 실업문제의 해결, 토지 이용율제고를 통한 토지생산성 향상등 농촌경제개발의 중심과제로서 인도정부가 추진하는 핵심적인 농업정책이다. 본 지역의 농가호당 평균 소유농지연적은 8.67 acres(3.5ha)로써 모두가 Rainfed farming으로 현재 본 지역의 관개율은 17.5%에 불과하다. 농작물은 Jowar라고 하는 내한성 작물이 재배되며, 관개 조건하에서는 Jowar, Wheat, Sugarcane이 재배된다. With and Without Dug-Well Irrigation 조건하에서 각 작물별 ha당 생산성을 보면 Jowar는 0.86 ton/ha에서 2.22 ton/ha으로 증산되고 Wheat는 2.96 ton/ha, Sugarcane는 98.8 ton/ha이 생산된다. 한편 Dug-well Irrigation 전후의 농가소득의 변화를 보면 시행전의 4,275Rs가 되어 4배의 농가소득이 증가된다. 이와 같은 농업소득을 획득하기 위해서는 Dug-well에 대한 Initial Investment로서 33,400Rs(2,137,600원)이 투자되어야 하는데 종류별 융자 기간을 보면 Dug-well 15년(95%융자) Pump Set 9년(95%융자), Woriking capital 1년이며 인도의 Union Bank에서 융자하고 있다. 결론적으로 이러한 Dug-well Irrigation Development에 따른 IRR는 Before Financing시에는 29%이며 After Financing 시에는 24%이고 B/C ratio는 두경우에 있어 1.89, 1.24를 각각 나타냈다. 따라서, 본 사업은 재무적인 측면 즉 농가소득증대와 농촌고용증대 및 토지이용면에서 타당성이 크며 Dug-well Irrigation은 인도의 농업성장 및 경제개발의 관건으로 생각된다. 한국의 수리개발 기술 및 농업기술(Bio-chemical, Mechanical & Hydrological Technology)이 이전된다면 보다 괄목할 만한 농업발전이 이룩될 것을 생각된다.

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A taxonomic review of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. and its relatives (큰개현삼과 근연분류군의 분류학적 재검토)

  • Jang, Hyun Do;Kim, Tae Hoon;Oh, Byoung Un
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.345-352
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    • 2011
  • The morphological characters of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. and its relatives were examined. The major features of S. kakudensis were determined to resolve the taxonomic confusion with the closely related taxa of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, S. pilosa and S. cephalantha. S. kakudensis is characterized by its flowering in Jul. to Sep., the node numbers on a stem, the size of the leaves, the development of inflorescences and the presence of glandular trichomes on its stems and leaves. S. cephalantha is distinct from S. kakudensis by the earlier flowering season, fewer node numbers on a stem, and fewer numbers of flowers on shorter rachis. Smaller sizes of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, considered to be a problematic character previously, are stable and distinctive from other taxa in the natural habitats of the multiple populations investigated in the study. Therefore, the taxon should remain as a variety of S. kakudensis. An examination of the diagnostic characteristics of S. pilosa, such as its inflorescence type and the presence of a stem with pubescence, does not provide sufficient distinction from S. kakudensis. A type specimen and habitat survey also support the merging of the two taxa. S. pilosa should be treated as a synonym of S. kakudensis, because it is considered to be a misidentification of S. kakudensis.