• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.379-408
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• 2017

What I wish to show in this paper is the moral educational implication on "The Minor Annotations of Elementary Learning(小學枝言)" in a position to consider the alternatives about personality education problems by searching viewpoints on moral training theory on the book. "The Minor Annotations of Elementary Learning(小學枝言)" was written by Dasan Jeong-yakyong(茶山 丁若鏞, 1762-1836). In the oriental philosophy, a moral training theory is built on the base of human nature theory. Dasan's moral training theory was also built on his human nature theory. Undoubtedly we could consider that his difference from the moral training theory of Confucianism is reflected in his moral training theory putting stress on practice. Dasan criticized the moral training theory of Confucianism because of its static aspect contemplating mind internally. He stands on the position that the virtue can be come true by the concrete practice. The establishment ground of Dasan's moral training theory is on his theory of human nature's preference(性嗜好說). Dasan didn't consider benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom(仁義禮智) as human nature. He considered that the human nature prefers goodness. So there is no perfect human nature or principle originally to human beings but also directionality to be displayed. We can say that the virtue building by cultivation of directionality get connected to moral training theory. Dasan considered ?The Minor Annotations of Elementary Learning(小學枝言)? as a practice book for moral training which develops individuals' personality through practice in the reality. He thought that the book cause individuals to follow 'the elementary way(小道)' and to learn 'the elementary art(小藝)' more than academic pursuit. From this viewpoint he showed the practice(行事) of judgment(權衡) by keeping the attitude for the scripture interpretation to pursue the right principles(義理) based on Chinese exegetics(訓?) and the historical evidences(考證) through the whole book. And in the book he suggested the standard of the whole-person education to develop the human nature based on his theory of human nature's preference(性嗜好說), to cognize relationship as an ethical existence, and to pursue the harmony with graphonomy(字學) and Ethics(道學). So we can regard that he realized his practice centered moral education philosophy in the book.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2007

Raman spectroscopy is known to have strong potential for providing noninvasive dermatological diagnosis of skin cancer. According to the previous work, various well known methods including maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) and multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) showed competitive results. Since even the small errors often leads to a fatal result, we investigated the method that reduces classification error perfectly by screening out some ambiguous patterns. Those ambiguous patterns can be examined by routine biopsy. We incorporated an ambiguous pattern class in MAP, linear classifier using minimum squared error (MSE), MLP and reduced coulomb energy networks (RCE). The experiments involving 216 confocal Raman spectra showed that every methods could perfectly classify BCC by screening out some ambiguous patterns. The best results were obtained with MSE. According to the experimental results, MSE gives perfect classification by screening out 8.8% of test patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.128-141
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the under-researched field of the characteristics of th Chosun private railway, such as laws, systems, human resources, and subsidies associated with this railway, in an effort to increase our understanding of these characteristics. It was found that the private railway shared strong identity resemblance with a national project, as it served to assist the roles of the main national railway. General patterns of change of the company indicate that the private railway received increased subsidies consequent to the amendment of a related law and that it was strongly influenced by Japan's railway policies. The private railway system during the Chosun period more subsidies than those administered by Japan, and they tended to depend on fund raising for external capital. A tendency of many board members to be from the Chosun bureau was also noted. Profits in the private railway system were relatively low compared to those of the national railway such that the deficits were supplemented by the subsidies redeived. Based on corroborating examples, the private railway system can be said to have been an organization that had strong connections with national projects. It was especially related to regional industries according to an examination of the distribution of lines, which shows that most assisted the main railway or coincided with regions undergoing industrial development. Typically, northern areas were for resource development while southern areas were for agricultural production and/or passenger transportation. The company carried dual traits as it operated as a subsidiary enterprise for peripheral profit while also playing a role in transportation.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2014

There is no provision regarding the 'litigation on land boundary' under the Korean laws. Therefore, there are disputes in theory with respect to its nature, requirements for litigation, criteria for determination, etc., and it is necessary to establish the provisions of the law on this issue in the future. For this legislation, it is necessary to conduct a comparative consideration on laws of other countries which have completed the relevant provisions. This study, as a first step, researches a history of litigation for determination of boundary under the Roman law and medieval law, and furthermore introduces the German law which has relatively completed legal provisions on litigation for determination of boundary. In addition to common ownership litigation, the German law has established a provision on litigation for boundary as a judicial procedure considering a special place, called as a dispute on ownership of adjacent land, on the assumption that it is difficult or impossible to prove the boundary. The primary purpose of this litigation is to clarify a true boundary, and if such clarification is impossible, a boundary is discretionally created in accordance with the statutory standards under Article 920 of the German Civil Act (BGB). It means creation of the scope of land ownership by operation of decision, not only by the 'discovery of original boundary'. Both cases are different from each other in the aspect of judicial decision, but embracing them into one is a lawsuit for determination of boundary under the German law. Under the Korean legislation, it is necessary to make a theory containing two different criteria for determination into a single type of litigation, considering such aspects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.528-536
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• 2009

Recently, the importance of IPTV providing multimedia service over IP based networks managed to provide the required level of quality of service and experience, security, interactivity and reliability has been gradually increasing by the commercialization of its service. However, the original purposes of IPTV service - contents are produced and consumed anytime, anywhere, and over any device at the same time - have not been satisfied by service providers because most services offered by service providers depend on closed IPTV platform. In this paper, we propose an open IPTV service platform that an individual or small company can easily produce contents and offer IPTV service independently from the existing closed IPTV platform.. The proposed IPTV platform exploits overlay multicast scheme to offer reasonable service under the environment where network bandwidth and processor resource are limited. It also uses CDN-like scheme to ensure the quality of transmitted contents. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed IPTV platform has the possibility of being an open IPTV platform considering its results such as the quality of transmitted contents, the transmission rate, the channel zapping time, and so on. It also shows that proposed IPTV platform could be applied to real IPTV service with continuous enhancement of its functions and user interfaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1444-1450
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• 2007

To prevent the deterioration of jujube wine quality due to commercial heating process for sterilization, hydrostatic pressure (500 MPa, 5 min) or freezing (frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days, followed by thawing at room temperature for 4 hr) treatment was applied. Their microbial count, physicochemical property and sensory quality were investigated in comparison to heat-treated jujube wine ($63^{\circ}C$, 10 min) and commercial wine. Pressure-treated and commercial jujube wine were completely sterilized and heat-treated wine was decreased to <10 CFU/mL while freezing-treated jujube wine was partially sterilized $(30{\sim}60%)$. Hydrostatic pressure and freezing, and heat treatment had no influence on chemical compositions such as pH, acidity, amino acidity, reducing sugar and ethanol content, but significantly induced the changes of instrumental color. While sensory quality of heat-treated jujube wine was significantly deteriorated, reducing sour and burning taste, that of pressure and freezing-treated jujube wine was maintained fresh without decrease in sour and burning taste.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2018

During the breeding season, some Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus osculans) in Yubu Island foraged in the open mudflat area nearby the breeding ground, instead of the tide water line area, main feeding site throughout the year. We found significant differences in foraging behavior and prey species diversity between the two different feeding site types. Even though the birds took more steps for most probably searching preys, their feeding success was much lower in the open mudflat area than the tide water line area. The multiple peck and boring methods were more frequently adopted to catch polychaetes on the open mudflat area, whereas the single peck method was dominant and gastropods and bivalves were main preys in the tide water line area. This study suggests that the bird shows flexible foraging strategy of shifting feeding site, foraging behavior and preys for better reproductive success.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

This article aims to identify organizational factors that influence the performance of implementation of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and to investigate the strength and direction of their effects. Explanatory variables include administrative resources, organizational culture, litigation cost, and the complexity of FOIA requests. The study will analyze quantitative secondary data from official statistics of federal agencies and the 2006 Federal Human Capital Survey as well as qualitative data from semi-structured interviews of FOIA officers. The results of statistical analyses are as follows : FOIA funding significantly affects median processing time and number of requests pending. There is a significant relationship between bureaucratic culture and number of requests pending, but not between bureaucratic culture and number of requests pending. There exists a significant relationship between the cost of FOIA litigation to federal agencies and the performance of FOIA implementation. There exists a significant relationship between the complexity of FOIA requests and the performance of FOIA implementation. This study also has important implication in South Korea, which has been under a sharp confrontation with North Korea for more than 50 years. As illustrated by the conflict between people's right to know and national security during the investigation of recent Sinking of the ROKS Cheonan, efforts should be made to prepare legal and institutional mechanism for freedom of information policy which can maintain a balance between conflicting values as well as efficient information disclosure in Korea.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.292-328
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• 2006

This study examined Korean Public Relations trend and social acceptance in 1960s. It centers on the acceptance conditions of PR concept, corporate PR and governmental PR. It analyzed PR recognition and practical activities of the general corporations, financial institutions and public corporations in dealing with corporate PR. It also analyzed Korean governmental PR through examining the structure of governmental PR system, PR activities in rural communities and the police. In those days, PR concept had been misused to no small degree and not been accepted correctly that the necessity to let people know PR in its proper meaning was raised. Laying emphasis upon the technical side, corporate PR activities had centered on publicity. Especially, at that time, the banks, the insurance companies and the public corporations had perceived the importance of PR and implemented a set of PR activities. It can be said that a special feature in government PR in 1960s lies in the expansion of the public information system and reinforcement of PR policies. Also, PR in rural communities had been doing to give information relating to agriculture technique and to improve the living conditions of the farm area. The importance of PR in police had been on the side of promoting relations with people and improving treatment of the people by policeman.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to attempt to interpret golf courses as event-generating spaces with consideration given to the time factor. Through a golf game, a variety of events such as the tee shot, second shot, putt, and hole out are generated. These events have been connected to a series of events after hole out such as birdie, par, bogey and so on. The series of events do not always occur in the same way. They reveal unexpected changes over time. These unexpected changes cause changes in the spatial characteristics and offer unforgettable memories for golfers. Gilles Deleuze mentioned the spatial characteristics as striated space and smooth space. Striated space can be defined as sedentary space. It is distant vision-optical space that has dimensional, metric and centered characteristics, whereas smooth space is defined as nomadic, close vision-haptic space that has directional and acentered characteristics. This study focused on the analysis of spatial characteristics according to striated space and smooth space. Golf courses generally show the characteristics of striated space before beginning the game. As soon as the game begins, however, the golf courses are converted into an event-generating space. The characteristics of striated space are transformed into smooth space, a nomadic space that amplifies the dynamic, changeable, de-scaled and non-metric system. Through the whole game, this transformation is dramatically repeated. On the other hand, the golfer, the subject of the game, senses the phenomenological experience in the process of orientation, center, definition, and domestication.