• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.425-432
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of myofascical release (MR) on the degree of pain and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in middle-aged women. Participants were 28 middle-aged women and MR carried out three times (1, 3, 5 day) at intervals of two times. We did survey about changes of pain before the MR and how they changed after the MR. Also measured pressure pain threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS) by using the algometer at trapezius muscle. In median nerve, we did motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) test and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) test for measuring incubation period, amplitude and nerve conduction. The most painful time was 18~21 and the most painful part was shoulder. The pain scale, PPT and VAS after the MR had significantly decreased than before the MR. The latency was significantly decreased and the amplitude was significantly increased in the MNCV and the latency was significantly decreased in the SNCV after the MR. Also it was effective in ameliorating pain scale and latency of NCV. Consequently, the MR can be effective in prevent pain scale caused by fatigue in middle-aged women as replacement therapy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.551-558
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sacrooccipital category II blocking technique may improve abdominal muscle endurance and alleviate shoulder pain caused by pelvic tilting. Methods: A total of 50 subjects diagnosed with category II sacroiliac joint instability and lower back pain were randomly assigned to the control or treatment group. The sacrooccipital technique category II blocking procedure (2-min duration) was performed 3 times a week until the category II indicator of joint instability had subsided. The control subjects were subjected to a sham procedure of equal duration and frequency. We assessed abdominal muscle endurance using the partial curl-up test and shoulder pain using a visual analogue scale, before and immediately after the intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results: On two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures on time factor, significant treatment and interaction effects on muscle endurance were found. A significant interaction effect, but not treatment effect, was found for shoulder pain. Post hoc test showed that the shoulder pain was reduced immediately after intervention (treated group) and 2weeks (control and treated group) after the intervention as compared to before the intervention. Conclusions: This study suggests that sacrooccipital category II blocking can be used to alleviate shoulder pain caused by pelvic instability. The mechanisms behind the long-term benefits may include an increase in abdominal muscle endurance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy on the Post-stroke Pain. Methods : Bee venom solution was injected on Seven Points of CVA-GB2l(肩井), LI15(肩隅), Ll11(曲池), GB31(風市), ST36(足三里), GB39(絶骨), ect- every other day for 3 weeks, in twenty patients who were admitted in Dong-Seo Oriental Medical Hospital, as diagnosed by their typical pain characteristics of central pain from stroke. Result : After 3 weeks treatment, visual analogue scale of pain severity showed significant decrease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.426-429
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• 1996

Complex regional pain syndrome Type II(CRPS) can be diagnosed by new IASP criteria in 1994. Sympathetically maintained pain may or may not be present in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome. We experienced a CRPS Type II patient who has sympathetically maintained pain as a major painful nature developed after right multiple iliac bone fracture, right femoral artery thrombosis and lumbosacral plexus injury. Combination treatment with L2, L3, L4 sympathetic ganglion block and continuous lower thoracic epidural block for 30 days were tried to get long term effect. The patient had signs of successful. sympathetic denervation of the right foot. After that pain relief was sustained until three month later.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 2000

A 20-year-old male patient developed severe right leg pain, hyperesthesia and allodynia after multiple lumbar epidural blocks. His pain was neuropathic pain (complex regional pain syndrome type I). The patient was treated with repeated administration of epidural ketamine at the rate of 0.2~0.7 mg/kg on multiple occasions. Complete relief of pain was achieved.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-277
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• 1997

The complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) exhibit symptoms such as: abnormal skin color, temperature change, abnormal pseudomotor activity, edema. If CRPS is not treated appropriately at acute stage, then the affected extremity may become a useless, painful appendage. Treatment of CRPS by sympathetic blockade may be achieved by repeated intravenous regional guanethidine blocks, repeated anesthetic sympathetic blocks, surgical sympathectomy or oral sympatholytic therapy. We treated 29-year-old male patient with CRPS of left upper extremity by continuous cervical epidural blockade. Due to wound infection and dislocation of the epidural catheter, we inserted an implantable port system to inject the mixture of local anesthetics and small amount of morphine. After 10 months of treatment, patient was cured of symptoms and signs of CRPS and was able to resume a normal life.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2019

The long-term prognosis of complex regional pain syndrome is difficult to predict because of its unclear pathophysiology. The syndrome can spontaneously spread to other regions in the body. We report a case in which a complex regional pain syndrome that occurred in a 75-year-old male patient after a stroke spread to the opposite side.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2013

For this research, 27 out of 52 patients with chronic low back pain involving sacroiliac joint pain were classified into the experimental group to conduct pelvic exercise program and traditional physical therapies in parallel, and the remaining 25 ones were classified into the control group to only apply traditional physical therapies for 6 weeks. After that, their clinical samples were randomly extracted. Before the experiment, both of the experimental group and the control group had the Oswestry disability index test to see how big their pain was and their hip joint angles were analyzed during walking. After the post-test, finally, the results of the Oswestry disability index test and hip joint angles while walking before and after the experiment were compared between two groups to know the effect of pelvic stability exercise program. Within-group results and between-group results both displayed significantly reduced low back pain, and when comparing hip joint angles of the experimental group, there were differences between mid stance phase, terminal stance phase, pre swing phase and early swing phase of the right hip joint, and mid stance phase, terminal stance phase, pre swing phase and early swing phase of the left hip joint. In the control group, there were significant differences between mid stance phase, terminal stance phase and early swing phase of the right hip joint, and loading response phase, mid stance phase, terminal stance phase and pre swing phase of the left hip joint. as a result, pelvic stability exercise program is helpful to gait rhythm on stance phase and swing phase although effective to decrease Oswestry disability index including pain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.213-222
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• 2018

This study purposed to verify the effects of knee balance taping therapy on knee pain and knee range of motion in the elderly with knee pain. The Quasi-experimental design, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest was used in this study. Data collected from December 5 to 10, 2014. The participants were older than 60 with knee pain visiting senior community centers. Non-medicated elastic tapes were applied around the knee in the experimental group(n=21) and were not applied in the control group(n=19). Knee pain and range of motion were measured 3 times (before, after 1 hour, after 24 hours). Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, t-test, Repeated measure ANOVA with the SPSS version 21.0 program. The experimental group showed significantly decreased knee pain (F=34.03, p<.001) and increase in knee range of motion (F=7.83, p=.006). The results of this study confirm that knee balance taping therapy is an effective intervention for reducing pain and improving range of motion in elderly with knee pain.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to know the difference in pain, sleep, self-care behavior in patients performed by sternotomy and robotic minimally invasive cardiac surgeries. The participants were 64 patients with sternotomy and 64 patients with minimal thoracotomy in heart valve surgeries at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, paired t-test. with SPSS/WIN(22.0). The participants with minimally invasive thoracotomy felt severe pain than the patients with thoracotomy at post operation day 2 & 5. The severe pain site were the surgical site in both groups. The participants with sternotomy had better sleep than minimally invasive thoracotomy patients. Self-care behavior was higher in the minimally invasive thoracotomy group. Therefore, despite the many advantages of robotic surgery such as rapid recovery and shortening of length of stay in hospital, accurate pain assessment and application of differentiated protocols are needed for the management of pain in the patients with robotic minimally invasive cardiac surgeries. In addition, a structured education program intervention is needed to improve comfort by considering gender, age, and method of operation.