• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.406-411
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• 2012

Structure and dynamics for three type forests of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests were studied in Wando island, Korea. Quercus acuta and Quercus acutissima forests were natural forest and Pinus rigida forest was a about 30-year-old plantation. Density of tree layers of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests was 2,250 trees/ha, 760 trees/ha, and 1,560 trees/ha, respectively. Mean DBH of tree layers of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests was 12.1 cm, 14.3 cm, and 14.1 cm, respectively. Total basal area of tree layer and subtree layer was $37.1m^2/ha$ for Quercus acuta forest, $19.0m^2/ha$ for Quercus acutissima forest, and $29.2m^2/ha$ for Pinus rigida forest, respectively. According to importance percentage, Camellia japonica was the first dominant species in subtree and shrub layers of all of Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida forests. Species diversity(H') of forest total was 0.814 for Quercus acuta forest, 0.956 for Quercus acutissima forest, and 0.866 for Pinus rigida forest, respectively. According to diameter distribution, Quercus acuta forest was supposed to remain unchanged for a long time. Quercus acutissima forest was changing to Camellia japomica forest and Pinus rigida forest was changing to Quercus acuta-Camellia japonica forest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1140-1144
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• 2007

모래하천과 자갈하천의 하중도에 성립한 식생을 분석하여 하천복원과 복원된 하천의 사후 관리에서 요구되는 생태정보를 구축하였다. 모래하천의 하중도에는 버드나무군락, 물억새군락, 산조풀군락, 속속이풀군락, 큰개여뀌군락, 밭뚝외풀군락 등이 성립하였다. 이러한 식생자료를 서열법으로 처리한 결과, 식물의 배열은 천이경향을 반영하였고, 하중도의 미지형에 의해 결정된 지하수위 높이가 천이단계를 지배하는 것으로 판단되었다. 모래하천인 용수천의 하중도에서 상류로부터 하류를 향해 식생의 분포는 버드나무군락-물억새군락-산조풀군락-속속이풀군락의 순서를 보였다. 우점종의 생활형에 따라 이들을 구분하면, 이 순서는 목본 식물군락-다년생 식물군락-1년생 식물군락의 순서를 보였다. 이러한 식생의 배열로부터 하중도는 하류 방향으로 새로 생성되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 자갈하천의 하중도에는 발달단계가 다른 세 개의 소나무군락과 초지가 성립하였다. 소나무군락은 유령림, 성숙목과 유령목이 혼합된 복층림, 그리고 성숙림으로 이루어졌다. 초지는 쑥, 달뿌리풀, 환삼덩굴, 소나무 실생, 황철나무 등이 산재하는 밀도가 낮은 식생으로 이루어졌다. 이러한 식생자료를 서열법으로 처리한 결과 여기에서도 식생의 배열은 천이경향을 반영하였다. 천이단계를 지배하는 요인은 홍수에 밀려온 자갈의 피복율로 나타났다. 상류로부터 하류를 향해 식생의 분포는 초지, 소나무 유령림, 소나무 복층림 및 소나무 성숙림의 순서를 보였다. 이러한 식생의 배열로부터 하중도는 상류방향으로 새로 성립하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.변지역에 거주하는 주민의 역할이 중요하며, 이에 따라 보 철거 선정 체계는 보 철거를 위해서 보 주변 지역 거주민을 설득하며, 하천의 환경 개선을 위한 합리적인 대안 제시를 목적으로 하고 있다. 선정 체계를 바탕으로 주민 협의 및 대안 제시를 통해 결정된 대상 보는 선정 체계 안에서 보 철거 영향 판단 절차에 따라서 보 철거로 인한 수문, 수리, 지형, 수질, 생태 영향을 판단하게 되며, 이와 더불어 사회 경제적인 영향을 평가하게 된다. 평가결과에 따라서 보를 완전히 철거하거나 다른 대안을 고려하여 보를 부분적으로 철거하거나 개량하게 된다.곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tsunami which occurred in coastal area of the East Sea in Korea, the function of coastal forest for the reduction of tsunami's speed and energy, and the non-structural measures through the research data of tsunami in Japan. The results showed that tsunami which occurred in the East Sea in 1983 and 1993 reached coastal area of Korea one hour and fifty minutes later from Japan, and caused a loss of lives and property and flooding damage. If 60 m width of coastal forest was formed, the speed was decreased by 30%, the energy by 10%. Therefore, the width of coastal forest must be at least 60 m, of which the stand structure is the multiple-layered forest of mixed-forest, and the wave preventing measures have to be constructed together. In addition, non-structural measures as tsunami warning and survival strategies must be prepared.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1992

This study was conducted to provide basic information for deciding silvicultural system appropriate to a natural mixed stand in Jindong-Ri. For this, the stand structure such as DBH distribution, height distribution, and volume per DBH class were analyzed and the possibility of selection cutting as a silvicultural system was discussed. The DBH structure of the stand has reverse J-shaped diameter distribution which is typical in a selection cutting stand. The possibility of selection cutting is also accepted in the height structure by showing multi-storied height distribution of the stand. On the other hand, volume structure per DBH class did not show the mature stand of selection cutting due mainly to the lack of number of trees at 30cm DBH class and above. It seems that the unclear part of stand structure should be solved by further studies. Also, the rate of increment for DBH and volume should be estimated to predict the future stand structure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 2016

This study aimed to analyze the vegetation characteristics of the coastal forests and to figure out if there is possibilities to develop the forests into mixed stand multistory forests and to suggest some sound management practices. The vegetat- ion structure and flora of four sites; Kijipo, Chunjangdae, Janghang and Kusipo in the west coastal forests in Korea were investigated and analyzed in the present study. In the every site, Pinus thunbergii was dominating the tree layer in the forests. And P. densiflora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii var. sargentii, Q. acutissima and Castanea crenata were dominating the subtree layers in some sites. P. thunbergii stands in four sites would maintain for a while since the populat- ion density of middle aged group is higher than those of young and old groups. According to the geographical location conditions, there is a possibility that the coastal forests in Kusipo site would progress into oak tree stands in the long run. The biodiversity was quite high to have 205 taxa in the study sites. To induce the coastal forests into multistory forests, P. thunbergii stands need to be thinned. And then creating the environment including making some pathways and site usage rest-riction is needed to let new diverse plants could come in and grow for a success-ful multistory forests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.341-354
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• 2021

A large part of Gapyeong is occupied by Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations. Abies holophylla stands are scattered throughout Gapyeong, but little information on their distribution is available. This study explored the potential of succession from planted species to native A. holophylla in plantations. Trees were inventoried and regeneration of A. holoplhylla and stand management history were examined in Korean pine, Japanese larch, and A. holophylla-dominated stands. The importance percentage of A. holophylla was the highest among species with a range of 36.1% to 79.1% in all stands and the density of A. holophylla in understory (DBH <2 cm or <1.3 m height) ranged from 50 to 5,820 trees ha^-1. Non-metric multidimensional scaling classified stands into four types, AN, AP, AM, and P. The AN type showed a reverse J-shape DBH distribution, which was similar to that in natural A. holophylla stands. Both AP and AM types included Korean pine plantations with A. holophylla seed trees within stands. For AP, A. holophylla competed with planted species in overstory and deciduous broadleaved species in understory. The AM type was once thinned from below, thus stem density in the mid DBH classes was lower than upper or lower DBH classes. The P type consisted of plantations without A. holophylla seed trees. However, understory regeneration of A. holophylla was abundant through seed supply from A. holophylla in adjacent stands. Plantations with A. holophylla seed trees within or in adjacent stands showed vigorous natural regeneration of A. holophylla, highlighting the potential for succession from planted species to native A. holophylla in the Gapyeong area. Further studies can help develop techniques to restore plantations to native species-dominated natural stands using ecological succession.