• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 2022

Objective : This review aimed to provide information for clinical application by confirming the principles and characteristics of the tool through a review of tongue movement and measurement tools for patients with swallowing disorders. Results : We identified 15 tools used as tongue exercises and measurement tools in the field of dysphagia. According to principle, the tools were classified as either a bulb sensor, resistive sensor sheet, mouthpiece with sensor, or other techniques. The bulb sensor was easy to use but had limitations in fixing the position when measuring tongue pressure. The resistive sensor sheet could be measured at a more stable position than the bulb sensor. A mouthpiece with a sensor could be used in an individual's oral cavity such that the position was fixed when measuring the tongue pressure. Other techniques had the advantage of being wireless and capable of sensing light. Conclusion : Based on this literature review, it is necessary to facilitate the selection of the best tool for quantitative tongue measurement in dysphagia. The review can also be used to develop a Korean tongue movement tool model that can be used in hospitals and community centers.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2022

In modern society, the field of life is expanding to complex and diverse fields according to changes in lifestyle. As people's consciousness also changes, various social problems are involved, and countermeasures are being taken in various ways. In particular, as the issue of school violence has become a subject of interest, government-related ministries have jointly set up a reporting center and professional counselors are receiving and consulting on damage reports. Counselors experience mental and physical exhaustion in the course of their work. Therefore, the need to contribute to effective counseling work is raised by studying the factors that cause burnout. This study collected the experiences of 10 counselors working at 117 reporting centers from February 2019 to May 2020 through interviews and analyzed them with Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. The exhaustion factors derived from the results of the study were first experiences such as conflict between counselors during the period of institutional integration in the "117 reporting center experience", and secondly, professional counselors experienced emotional exhaustion, inhumanization, and lack of achievement. In order to prevent and overcome the exhaustion factors of counseling agents, it was necessary to prepare measures to promote fraud. This is expected to be useful data for improving the working environment of special job counselors in the era of industrialization and informatization in which various anonymous counseling methods are used.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.114-125
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• 2023

The physics-informed neural network (PINN) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of various numerical methods used to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) and the drawbacks of purely data-driven machine learning. The PINN directly applies PDEs to the construction of the loss function, introducing physical constraints to machine learning training. This technique can also be applied to wave equation modeling. However, to solve the wave equation using the PINN, second-order differentiations with respect to input data must be performed during neural network training, and the resulting wavefields contain complex dynamical phenomena, requiring careful strategies. This tutorial elucidates the fundamental concepts of the PINN and discusses considerations for wave equation modeling using the PINN approach. These considerations include spatial coordinate normalization, the selection of activation functions, and strategies for incorporating physics loss. Our experimental results demonstrated that normalizing the spatial coordinates of the training data leads to a more accurate reflection of initial conditions in neural network training for wave equation modeling. Furthermore, the characteristics of various functions were compared to select an appropriate activation function for wavefield prediction using neural networks. These comparisons focused on their differentiation with respect to input data and their convergence properties. Finally, the results of two scenarios for incorporating physics loss into the loss function during neural network training were compared. Through numerical experiments, a curriculum-based learning strategy, applying physics loss after the initial training steps, was more effective than utilizing physics loss from the early training steps. In addition, the effectiveness of the PINN technique was confirmed by comparing these results with those of training without any use of physics loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2023

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to severe marine pollution. A Water Quality Index (WQI) has been developed to allow the effective management of marine pollution. However, the WQI suffers from problems with loss of information due to the complex calculations involved, changes in standards, calculation errors by practitioners, and statistical errors. Consequently, research on the use of artificial intelligence techniques to predict the marine and coastal WQI is being conducted both locally and internationally. In this study, six techniques (RF, XGBoost, KNN, Ext, SVM, and LR) were studied using marine environmental measurement data (2000-2020) to determine the most appropriate artificial intelligence technique to estimate the WOI of five ecoregions in the Korean seas. Our results show that the random forest method offers the best performance as compared to the other methods studied. The residual analysis of the WQI predicted score and actual score using the random forest method shows that the temporal and spatial prediction performance was exceptional for all ecoregions. In conclusion, the RF model of WQI prediction developed in this study is considered to be applicable to Korean seas with high accuracy.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.169-184
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• 2017

There is a lot of needs that are not expressed as much as the expressed needs in familiar products and services that are used in daily life such as a smartphone. Finding the 'Inconveniences in familiar use' make it possible to create opportunities for value expanding in the existing products and service area. There are a lot of related works, which have studied the definition of hidden needs and the methods to find it. But, they are making it difficult to address the hidden needs in the cases of familiar use due to focus on the new product or service developing typically. In this study, we try to redefine the hidden needs in the daily familiarity and approach it in the new way to find out. Because of the users' unability to express what they want and the complexity of needs which can not be explained clearly, we can not approach it as the quantitative issue. For this reason, the basic data type selected as the user behavior data excluding all description is the screen-shot of the smartphone. We try to apply the integrated rules and patterns to the individual data using the qualitative coding techniques to overcome the limitations of qualitative analysis based on unstructured data. From this process, We can not only extract meaningful clues which can make to understand the hidden needs but also identify the possibility as a way to discover hidden needs through the review of relevance to actual market trends. The process of finding hidden needs is not easy to systemize in itself, but we expect the possibility to be conducted a reference frame for finding hidden needs of other further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.395-406
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• 2023

The first technological advance to improve the output and efficiency of the latest steam turbines operating in co-generation plants in Korea can be said to be progress in the field of materials that can use high-temperature, high-pressures steam. As a result of design efforts to improve the internal efficiency of steam turbines along with the development of materials, only a few manufacturers of steam turbine have produced high efficiency steam turbines. The internal efficiency of a steam turbine on the steam path operating for a long period of time is gradually lost owing to the limit of mechanical life, and efficiency and output decrease. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model that can analyze the steam flow path performance of HP (High Pressure) and IP (Intermediate Pressure) steam turbine for a co-generation plant using a commercial program and propose a performance calculation method. Owing to the complex performance calculation method of steam turbines, major variables are presented to serve as practically useful references for steam turbine practitioners. In addition, the thermal dynamic analysis(such as heat balance diagram calculation) and the the thermal dynamic calculation required for steam turbine performance calculation and the suitability of the steam turbine performance calculation results were compared with the performance test results.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.123-158
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• 2010

For the last several months, abortion debates have sparkled in Korea. The government has escalated the need of active punishment of illegal abortions to solve low fertility problems, while some obstetricians and gynecologist have proclaimed stoppage of illegal abortions suing colleague doctors who has conducted illegal abortions. Women's rights groups and researchers have also responded to the abortion debate claiming that women's decisions over their pregnancy are important in making of abortion policies. To contribute to Korean abortion debates, his paper aims to analyze European experiences of abortion polices in relation to the consequences on women's health. For the analysis of European abortion experiences, three countries - Ireland, U.K, and Netherland -are chosen. These three countries are selected since their legal and social acceptance of abortion and the level of safe abortion system are different. Each country is reviewed by national abortion policy, legal regulation, medical system and the role of civil society. The analysis shows several implications for abortion debates occurring in Korea. Various systematic policy mechanisms - abortion on women' request, abortions without complicated doctor's referrals, transparent and anonymous counseling and information provision regarding abortion, training and education for medical professionals to guarantee high quality abortion, abortions funded publicly for women to improve their access to abortions, steady monitoring and auditing abortion procedures and outcomes for safe abortion and so on - are required in Korean society. Two track procedures - safe abortion on women's request and prevention of unwanted pregnancy - are needed for reproduction of healthy women and society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 2023

Breast cancer is one of the top three most common cancers in modern women, and the incidence rate is increasing rapidly. Breast cancer has a high family history and a mortality rate of about 15%, making it a high-risk group. Therefore, breast cancer needs constant management after an early examination. Among the various equipment that can diagnose cancer, ultrasound has the advantage of low risk and being able to diagnose in real time. In addition, breast ultrasound will be more useful because Asian women's breasts are denser and less sensitive. However, the results of ultrasound examinations vary greatly depending on the technology of the examiner. To compensate for this, we intend to incorporate motion tracking technology. Motion tracking is a technology that specifies and analyzes a location according to the movement of an object in a three-dimensional space. Therefore, real-time control is possible, and complex and fast movements can be recorded in real time. We would like to present the production of an ultrasound examination guide using these advantages.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.41-54
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• 2024

Regular monitoring plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of geotechnical structures. Currently, nondestructive methods are employed to monitor such structures to minimize the impact, e.g., sensor-based accelerometers, displacement meters, image-based lasers, and drone imaging. These technologies can observe surface changes; however, they frequently suffer difficulties in terms of identifying changes in internal properties. To monitor changes in internal properties, in situ geotechnical investigations can be employed. A nondestructive test that can be used for this purpose is the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) test using geophones. The SASW test is a nondestructive method; however, due to the time required for data interpretation and the difficulty in analyzing the data, it is challenging to use the SASW test for monitoring applications that require frequent observations. However, it is possible to apply the first-step analysis, which yields the dispersion curve, for monitoring rather than the complete SASW analysis, which yields the shear wave velocity. Thus, this paper presents a fundamental study on the phase difference that derives the dispersion curve to utilize the SASW test for monitoring. The reliability of each phase difference interval is examined to determine the boundary to the subjected monitor. The study used phase difference data obtained using a geophone from a single-layered, homogeneous ground site to evaluate reliable boundaries. The findings of this study are expected to improve the utility of monitoring by identifying the ideal boundary for phase difference data.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2024

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form from existing blood vessels. This phenomenon occurs during growth, healing, and menstrual cycle changes. Angiogenesis is a complex and multifaceted process that is important for the continued growth of primary tumors, metastasis promotion, the support of metastatic tumors, and cancer progression. Impaired angiogenesis can lead to cancer, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and delayed wound healing. Currently, there are only a handful of effective antiangiogenic drugs. Recent studies have shown that natural marine products exhibit antiangiogenic effects. In a previous study, we reported that the hexane extract of H. fusiformis (HFH) could inhibit the development of new blood vessels both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to describe the inhibitory effect of chloroform extracts of H. fusiformis on angiogenesis. To investigate how chloroform extract prevents blood vessel growth, we examined its effects on HUVEC, including cell migration, invasion, and tube formation. In a mouse Matrigel plug assay, H. fusiformis chloroform extract (HFC) also inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. Certain proteins associated with blood vessel growth were reduced after HFC treatment. These proteins include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal transduction kinase, and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT). These studies have shown that the chloroform extract of H. fusiformis can inhibit blood vessel growth both in vitro and in vivo.