• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2023

현대 해양선박은 PLC 등 기존의 OT 시스템과 선박자동식별시스템 등 IT 시스템의 접목으로 스마트선박, 자율운항선박으로 진화되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 기술 통합은 공격이 가능한 접점이 늘어나며, 이는 사이버보안 위협을 증가시키고 있다. 선박은 대부분 항만으로부터 고립된 환경에서 운영되기 때문에 사이버공격이 발생 시 외부의 기술 지원이나 긴급대응이 어려워진다. 이러한 배경으로 해양선박을 대상으로 하는 사이버 복원력은 해양선박 환경에서 중요한 개념으로 자리잡고 있다. 본 논문은 해양선박 환경 표준 통신 네트워크인 SAN을 분석하고, 사이버 복원력을 소개한 후, NIST의 사이버 복원력 모델을 기반으로 해양선박 대상 사이버 복원력 연구를 분석한다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 1994

일반적으로 규칙파 또는 불규칙파중에서의 반잠수식 해양구조물의 응답을 추정할때, 선형계에 적합한 주파수 영역해석법을 사용하고 있다. 대다수의 해양구조물은 Lower Hull과 단면적이 일정한 Column으로 구성되어 있지만, 만약 Column의 단면적이 홀수에 따라 변화한다면 복원력항에 비선형계를 적용해야만 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비선형 복원력을 고려한 반잠수식 해양구조물의 응답을 추정할 수 있는 시간 영역 해석법을 개발하였다. 그리고, Column형상이 다른 5개의 모델을 선정하여, 이들의 시간 영역 해석결과와 주파수 영역 해석 결과를 서로 비교하였다. 또한 파랑외력으로서 불규칙파를 적용할 때, 비선형 복원력이 해양구조물에 응답에 미치는 영향을 조사 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.220-228
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• 2023

사이버 공격과 위협은 예측 불가능한 수준으로 높아지고 있어 해킹 위협을 완벽히 차단하고 예방하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하다. 따라서 사이버 공간의 공격이 발생했을 경우 신속한 대응 및 시스템의 생존성 보장을 위해서 사이버 복원력이 필요하다. 우리는 정부, 공공기관, 기업이 사이버 복원력개념을 도입하고 내재화를 위한 평가모델을 연구하였다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

To evaluate the seismic performance of multistory building structures use an equivalent SDOF model to represent the resistance of the structure to deformation as it respond in its predominant mode. This paper presents a method of converting a MDOF system into an equivalent SDOF model. The principal objective of this investigation is to evaluate appropriateness of converting method through perform nonlinear time history analysis of a multistory building structures and an equivalent SDOF model. The hysteresis rules to be used an equivalent SDOF model is obtained from the pushover analysis. Comparing the peak inelastic response of a moment resisting reinforced concrete frames and an equivalent SDOF model, the adequacy and the validity of the converting method is verified. The conclusion of this study is following; A method of converting a MDOF system into an equivalent SDOF model through the nonlinear time history response analysis is valid. The representative lateral displacement of a moment resisting reinforced concrete frames is close to the height of the first modal participation vector \ulcorner$_1{\beta}$${_1{\mu}}=1$. It can be found that the hysteresis rule of an equivalent SDOF model have influence on the time history response. Therefore, it necessary for selecting hysteresis rules to consider hysteresis characteristics of a moment resisting reinforced concrete frames.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2020

This study is a case study that applied 'UNDRR's Urban Disaster Resilience Scorecard', an evaluation tool necessary for Incheon Metropolitan City to be certified as an international safe city. I would like to present an example that the results derived from this scorecard contributed to the Incheon Metropolitan City Disaster Reduction Plan. Of course, the Disaster Resilience Scorecard can't provide a way to improve the resilience of every disaster facing the city. However, it is to find the weakness of the resilience that the city faces, and to propose a solution to reduce the city's disaster risk. This is to help practitioners to recognize the disaster risks that Incheon Metropolitan City faces. In addition, the solution recommended by UNDRR was suggested to provide resilience in areas vulnerable to disasters. It was confirmed that this process can contribute to improving the disaster resilience of Incheon Metropolitan City. UNDRR has been spreading 'Climate Change, Disaster-resistant City Creation Campaign', aka MCR (Making Cities Resilient) Campaign, to cities all over the world since 2010 to reduce global cities' disasters. By applying the disaster relief guidelines adopted by UNDRR, governments, local governments, and neighboring cities are encouraged to collaborate. As a result of this study, Incheon Metropolitan city's UN Urban Resilience Scorecard was evaluated as a strong resilience field by obtaining scores of 4 or more (4.3~5.0) in 5 of 10 essentials; 1. Prepare organization for disaster resilience and prepare for implementation, 4. Strong resilience Urban development and design pursuit, 5. Preservation of natural cushions to enhance the protection provided by natural ecosystems, 9. Ensure effective disaster preparedness and response, 10. Rapid restoration and better reconstruction. On the other hand, in the other five fields, scores of less than 4 (3.20~3.85) were obtained and evaluated as weak resilience field; 2. Analyze, understand and utilize current and future risk scenarios, 3. Strengthen financial capacity for resilience, 6. Strengthen institutional capacity for resilience, 7. Understanding and strengthening social competence for resilience, 8. Strengthen resilience of infrastructure. In addition, through this study, the risk factors faced by Incheon Metropolitan City could be identified by priority, resilience improvement measures to minimize disaster risks, urban safety-based urban development plans, available disaster reduction resources, and integrated disasters. Measures were prepared.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.369-376
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• 2003

최근 고해상력을 가진 줌 렌즈 CCD(Charge Coupled Device) 카메라가 출시되면서 디지털 영상을 쉽게 취득할 수 있게 되어 일상적인 활용에서부터 컴퓨터 시각(computer vision)이나 사진측량과 같은 전문적인 분야에 이르기까지 다양하게 응용할 수 있는 계기가 마련되고 있다. 현재 상용되고 있는 일반 줌 렌즈 CCD 카메라는 영상을 취득하는 데 많은 장점을 갖고 있으나 실제 영상 취득과정에서 다양한 줌의 이동으로 인하여 표정요소계산 및 카메라 렌즈 오차검정에 상당한 어려움이 발생하여 이에 대한 연구가 진행되어오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 비측량용 카메라에서 취득된 영상을 해석하는 기법으로 사진측량 분야에서 사용되어온 DLT(Direct Linear Transformation) 모델식과 컴퓨터 시각(computer vision)분야에서 카메라 검정 및 3차원 복원에 사용되고 있는 Tsai 모델식을 도입ㆍ적용하여 표정요소계산 및 3차원 복원정확도를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 Tsai 모델식에 의한 결과가 DLT 모델식에 의한 결과보다 정확도 및 안정성면에서 향상된 결과를 보여주고 있어서 Tsai 모델식에 대한 사용이 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

Purpose: This review article was written to investigate what kind of forces are acting on the contact lens fitted on the cornea and its subsequent motion. Methods: A capillary action-induced force develops in the tear layer between the lens and cornea, which leads to the restoring force due to difference in layer thickness according to lens rotation. The characteristics of the lens movement can be determined by the various factors such as friction between eyelid and lens, acceleration force based on blinking and the restoring force incorporated with the viscous damping force. A mathematical model which consists of the differential equations and their numerical solution was proposed to analyze the damped motion of lenses. The model predicts the time dependence of lenses during and after the blink varying the BC, blink period and eyelid pressure. Results: It was found that both the blink period and lid pressure increases the movement increases because of the enhanced lid friction. As the BC increases the viscous damping reduces due to the lacrimal layer's increase which resulted in the enhanced lens motion. After blink the lens illustrates the damped oscillation because of the restoring force by the increased lacrimal layer thickness and reduced viscous resistance. The time for the lens to return to the equilibrium shortens as the BC increase because of the resistance reduction. Conclusions: The movement of the contact lens is governed by the characteristics of the lacrimal layer between the lens and cornea as well as the lid blink.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.173-184
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• 2005

A capillary action-induced tension develops in the tear layer between the contact lens and cornea, which leads to the restoring force due to difference in the layer thickness between either upper and lower or left and right side of the lens when it is displaced off the equilibrium position as a result of blinking. Suppose the lens was displaced a certain distance from the equilibrium position, lens starts to oscillate toward the equilibrium position with the decreasing amplitude due to the restoring force as well as the velocity dependent viscous damping force in the tear layer. A mathematical model which consists of the differential equations and their numerical solution was proposed to analyze the damped oscillations of lenses. The model predicts the time dependence of lenses after the blink varying the various parameters such as Be, diameters, masses and positions displaced from equilibrium. As the Be and mass of lens increases the rate of amplitude reduction decreases, which requires a more time for the lens to return to the equilibrium position. It seems that varying the lens' displacement and diameters affect the lens' motion very little.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2010

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the force and stress depending on the type, deflection and thickness of the materials and to evaluate the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials after repeated loading. Methods: Four types of thermoplastic products were tested. Force until the deflections of 2.0 mm and the stress when the materials were restoring to its resting position were evaluated. The mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials evaluated after 5 repeated loading cycles. Results: The interaction was observed between the thickness and the deflection (p < 0.05) from the regression equation. Thickness and amount of deflection rather than products and materials showed the largest effect on force and stress. In all products, at least 159 gf of force was required for more than 1.0 mm deflection or when materials with 1.0 mm thickness were deflected. The stress recorded was more than 19 gf/$mm^2$. During repeated loading, each group showed significant difference on the force and the stress (p < 0.01), 10 - 17% reduction of force and 4 - 7% reduction of stress in average. Conclusions: Proper thickness of thermoplastic materials and deflection level of tooth movement should be decided for the physiologic tooth movement. Force decay after repeated loading should be considered for the efficient tooth movement.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-132
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• 2001

In order to develop a model for better understanding of causal relationships in resiliency factors in families of children with disabilities, 200 families participated in this adaptation of the Resiliency Model of McCubbin and McCubbin(1993). The 6 latent variables included in the hypothesized model were family stress, family hardiness, family schema, community support, family problem-solving communication, and family adaptation. The models were developed on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis and compared using covariance structure modeling (LISREL). Adequate fitness of the model was observed. Family stress showed negative effect on family schema and on family hardiness. Family schema showed positive effect on community support and on family hardiness. Family hardiness showed positive effect on family problem-solving communication, and family problem-solving communication showed positive effect on family adaptation.