• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-350
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• 2013

The decreased body, liver, kidney, spleen and testis weights of guinea pigs by TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-${\rho}$-dioxin) treatment (TT) were statistically significantly increased after treating red ginseng saponin fraction (SF) (p>0.01). After treated with SF, the decreased hematocrits values and numbers of RBC and platelet, activity of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase, levels of uric acid, total protein and albumin by TT were increased, and the increased numbers of WBC, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, activities of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased after treated with SF. And they all had a statistical significance (p>0.01) except for RBC, WBC, platelet, blood glucose, TC, calcium and albumin. From these results, we knew that SF mollified the acute toxicity induced by TCDD in guinea pigs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Dandelion has been frequently used as a remedy for women's disease, inflammatory diseases and disorders of the liver and gallbladder. Dandelion extracts water extract, an herbal medication, may have an effect on the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rat. This study aims demonstrate the effect of dandelion extracts, one of the natural chelator, on the biochemical and enzyme activity changes in the mouse liver caused by $HgCl_2$. Mice approximately 30 gm in weight were grouped into the control, mercury chloride-treated, and the dandelion extracts-treated after mercury chloride groups. $HgCl_2$ (5 mg/kg) and dandelion extracts (3 g/kg) were delivered orally. Serum AST and ALT were measured, enzyme activity of liver were examined by spectrophotometer and ultrastructural alteration of liver were examined by light and electron microscopy. Dandelion extracts were decreased the increase of serum AST and ALT level induced by mercury. The catalase activity was decreased in the dandelion extracts group. The activity of SOD was dereased, but did not show significant differences. Mercury chloride-treated hepatic cell were irregular nucleus, enlarged and reduced number of mitochodria, enlarged rough endoplasmic reticulum, loss of ribosomes. Cells treated with dandelion extracts were similar to those of the control group. In conclusion, dandelion extracts may protect the mercury-induced toxicity on Liver.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-80
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• 2018

Since the 1960s, the United States' (U.S.) deinstitutionalization policy has reinstated people with mental illness into communities. Unfortunately, when untreated, some people with psychiatric disorders become homeless, and some commit serious crimes during a psychological crisis. Assisted Outpatient Treatment (AOT), also known as Kendra's Law in New York and Laura's Law in California, provides treatment, services and support to people with mental illness in the community. AOT has repeatedly been found effective and is recognized as an evidence-based practice. The response to the mental health crisis (crisis intervention) in the U.S. has also been successful in preventing worsening mental illness and related criminality and other issues. This paper provides an opportunity to create a platform from which to learn how to successfully apply the AOT and crisis intervention of the U.S. to South Korea within the cultural and societal context when establishing social services for people with mental illness in South Korea's communities.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1997

Male rats of Albino strain were divided into four groups, control group, X-irradiated group, WR-2721 treatment group and X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721. The radioprotective effect of treatment with S-2 (3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) in the dose of 200mg/kg by intraperitonial injection on rats 20min prior to wholebody X-irradiation (8Gy) was studied. Each group determined serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (ASI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and contents of serum glucose after 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The ALP and AST activities of X-irradiated group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with that of control group, but X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721 less decreased those enzyme activities compared with the X-irradiated group. X-irradiated group was significantly increased (p＜0.05) ALT and LDH activities compared with that of control group, but X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721 less increased those enzyme activities compared with the X-irradiated group. The concentration of serum glucose of X-irradiated group was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with that of control group, but X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721 less increased compared with that of X-irradiated group. It may be considered that WR-2721 provided radioprotective effect of organs of body from X-irradiation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the memory enhancing effect of Poria cocos Wolf (Hoelen cum radix) against scopolamine-induced amnesia in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To induce amnesia, scopolamine (0.75 mg/kg) was intraperitonically injected into SD rats 30 min before starting behavior tests. We have conducted Morris water-maze and Y-maze tests to monitor learning and memory functions. Poria cocos effectively reversed scopolamine-induced memory impairment in SD rats which was represented by an improvement of mean escape latency in water-maze test and spontaneous alterations in Y-maze test. To elucidate possible molecule mechanism, we have measured mRNA as well as protein expression of acetylcholine esterase (AchE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Poria cocos increased mRNA levels of ChAT and mAchR in rat hippocampus compared with those in the scopolamine-injected amnesic group. In addition, protein expression of ChAT and BDNF was also elevated by Poria cocos intake. Furthermore, as an upstrem regulator, the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In this immunohistochemical analysis, the phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB) was reduced by scopolamine injection, which was restored back to control levels by administration of Poria cocos. These results suggest that Poria cocos may improve memory and cognitive deficit in amnesia and have therapeutic potentials through up-regulation of ChAT, mAchR, and BDNF, which seemed to be mediated by activation of CREB.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.398-402
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• 2000

Three kinds of $Al_3Ti-Cr$ alloys, namely, $Al_{67}Ti_{25}Cr_8,\;Al_{66}Ti_{24}Cr_{10}\;and\;Al_{59}Ti_{26}Cr_{15}$, were prepared by induction melting followed by the thermomechanical treatment. The corrosion behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution and the high-temperature oxidation behavior at 1000, 1100 and $1200^{\circ}C$ for the prepared alloys were investigated. Electrochemical results indicated increased resistance to localized corrosion with increasing Cr content. Cr additions were found to prevent passive film from undergoing brittle fracture. XPS results revealed the passive films of $Al_3Ti-Cr$ alloys were composed mainly of $Al_2O_3$ that coexisted with $TiO_2$ and $Cr_2O_3$. The overall oxidation resistance of the prepared alloys were excellent. Specifically, the oxidation resistance increased in the order of $Al_{59}Ti_{26}Cr_{15},\;Al_{66}Ti_{24}Cr_{10}\;and\;Al_{67}Ti_{25}Cr_8$. As the Al content in the base alloys increased, the $Al_2O_3$ formation was facilitated leading to the increased oxidation resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

Wind blown sand is expected to disrupt the operation of the railway as the presented railway project in this paper consists of large earthworks in extreme topography of the mega dune fields. For successful railway construction in sand dune area, effective mitigation measure is the most important factor to protect the track from wind blown sand. The effective mitigation measure requires an integrated consideration of the earthworks geometry and the direct control measures such as fence system. Basically there's no perfect measure protecting railway track from wind blown sand, and it would be more economical and effective to develop robust, deliberate maintenance program for track and direct control measure on the basis of geo-morphological study. The purpose of this study is to identify the large scale geo-morphological terrains and specific sand dune morphology in the project area in UAE and estimate the direction and migration rate for sand dunes with the local variations in prevailing wind directions by undertaking literature review, and aerial photographs, satellite images, and ground studies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.229-241
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• 2008

he guarding system of the "Choson" era is completed by the Gyeongguk-daejeon(an administrative canon) at the kings "Sejong" and "Yejong", and it is supplemented at the King "Seongjong". "Geum-gun" is composed of "Naegeum-wi", "Gyeombok-sa", "Wirim-wi" and "Jeongro-wi" in the period before the Japanese Aggression of Korea in 1952, and in the period after the aggression war, the organization of the "Geum-gun" is changed repeatedly according to circumstances in the period after the aggression. They("Geum-gun") devote themselves to the protection of kings and the capital defense in the first period of the "Choson" era. The most important change of the "Geum-gun" is the practice of five military units system, three military units of them, "Hunryeon-dogam", "Eoyeong-cheong" and "Geumwi-yeong", take charge of the guard of kings and the capital defense, and "Chongyung-cheong" and "Sueo-cheong" take charge of the defense of the outer areas of the capital region with key positions located at "Namhan-sanseong" and "Bukhan-sanseong"(mountain fortress Walls). The function of the "Geum-gun" is extended through the aggressions, therefore the number of soldiers is increased greatly. The guarding system for the country and its royal family is frequently changed according to the improvement of the people's position with themselves-awakening and their understanding of realities. The reorganization of the "Geum-gun" including "Howi-cheong", "Geumgun-cheong", "Sukwi-so" and "Jangyong-yeong" is unavoidable to strengthen the royal rights that are weaken by deposing the king "Injo". The standing of the existing organizations is changed many times with financial problems. The enthronement of the king "Jeongjo" is a great epoch in the change of the guarding system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2010

A urolithiasis, also called calculus, is one of the brutal illnesses, which has constantly harassed humanbeings from time immemorial. However, there is no appropriate method of prevention so far. So, Urological therapy must be followed upon those patients. The biggest problem of urolithiasis is usually causing harsh pain, fever, and throw up. The pain would be more intensified when something came through the ureter or the moment of convulsion caused beyond transmission of urinary calculus. Even strong painkillers, such as fentanyl and Pethidine, can not handle those harshly pain easily. Therefore, a prompt action of medical check up and its therapy must be required to those patients. This thesis paper has put the accent on the specific therapy, known as ESWL (Extracorpereal Shock Wave Lithotripsy), which have generated quite optimum resolution to patients, who received harsh pain from Proximal ureteral stone and Mid ureteral stone and because of its low provability of pulverization. The results of the experiment confirmed that the stone, located between Proximal and Mid ureter, has lower provability of pulverization than distal ureter, because its accuracy rate on shock wave, in respect of breathing, are low. However, decrease in discharge interval have enhanced provability of pulverization. it can also intensify probability of pulverization and its safety by discharging high power with appropriate intervals, and that is more efficient than discharging low power with frequent time.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.5-42
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• 2008

This research utilized the Grounded Theory and Giorgi's phenomenological research method to analyze the experience of battered women who are maintaining a non-violent marriage relationship. Due to the low accessibility of subjects and the distinctiveness of the topic, I have selected 4 participants and conducted in-depth interviews. As for data analysis results, there were 5 superior component elements and 19 inferior component elements for the experience of maintaining a non-violent marriage relationship and these appeared according to time. Thus, it can be analyzed as follows: 'the vicious cycle stage of violence: caught in a trap,' 'stage of breakaway from vicious violence cycle: making the self-rescue measures,' 'entry to a new track: retrieval of autonomy,' 'stage of forming a non-violence track: preventing the recurrence of the violence,' 'stage of maintaining non-violent track: conversion to non-violent relationship.' This research result will be useful in seeking an effective social welfare intervention plan for successful non-violent relationship in order to help 50% of the battered women from family violence who wish to maintain marriage.