The Korean Society of Law and Medicine (의료법학)

The Korean Society of Law and Medicine (대한의료법학회)
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Assisted Outpatient Treatment and Crisis Intervention in USA and their Implications for Korea

미국의 외래치료명령제도 및 위기대응과 국내적 시사점

  • 박인환 (인하대학교 법학전문대학) ;
  • 한미경 (캘리포니아 주립 산호세대학교 사회복지학과)
  • Received : 2018.06.07
  • Accepted : 2018.06.29
  • Published : 2018.06.30
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Abstract

Since the 1960s, the United States' (U.S.) deinstitutionalization policy has reinstated people with mental illness into communities. Unfortunately, when untreated, some people with psychiatric disorders become homeless, and some commit serious crimes during a psychological crisis. Assisted Outpatient Treatment (AOT), also known as Kendra's Law in New York and Laura's Law in California, provides treatment, services and support to people with mental illness in the community. AOT has repeatedly been found effective and is recognized as an evidence-based practice. The response to the mental health crisis (crisis intervention) in the U.S. has also been successful in preventing worsening mental illness and related criminality and other issues. This paper provides an opportunity to create a platform from which to learn how to successfully apply the AOT and crisis intervention of the U.S. to South Korea within the cultural and societal context when establishing social services for people with mental illness in South Korea's communities.

정신질환자의 인권이라는 관점에서 우리나라의 정신질환자에 관한 법과 정책도 강제입원과 치료가 중심이 아니라, 정신질환자의 삶에 주목하여 그들의 회복(Recovery)과 사회통합(Inclusion)을 목표로 지역사회에서의 복지와 지원에 중점을 두어야 한다. 정신건강복지법으로의 개정으로 강제입원의 요건과 절차를 엄격하게 강화하였지만, 지역사회에서 정신질환자의 안정적 치료와 사회복귀를 지원할 서비스가 충분히 확보되어 있지 않다. 그 중에서도 지역사회에 복귀한 정신질환자들의 안정적인 치료의 유지와 위기상황에 빠졌을 때에 지원받을 수 있는 서비스 체계를 구축하는 것은 정신질환자의 회복과 지역사회에서 살아갈 권리를 실현하는 데에 매우 중요하다. 이 점에 있어서 미국의 외래치료명령제도와 위기대응프로그램이 많은 시사를 제공해 줄 수 있다. 먼저 미국에서의 외래치료명령제도의 발생과 최신 동향으로부터 다음과 같은 시사를 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 미국의 AOT와 같이 외래치료명령 신청 주체를 넓게 확대하는 것, 둘째, 사법기관에 준하는 독립성을 갖춘 기관의 심의와 절차적 권리를 보장하는 것, 셋째, 실효성 확보를 위해 정신보건전달체계에도 동일한 내용의 명령을 하는 것, 넷째, 외래치료명령에서 반드시 사례관리를 포함하는 '치료계획'을 수립하는 것, 다섯째, 외래치료명령과 병행하여 동의에 기반한 외래치료지원제도를 시행하는 것, 여섯째, 대상을 자 타해행위의 이력이 있는 입원환자로 제한하지 않는 것에 주목할 필요가 있다. 나아가 지역사회에 복귀한 정신질환자가 병상(病狀)의 변화에 따라 겪게 되는 정신과적 위기상황을 안전하게 극복하기 위해서는 미국의 위기대응 프로그램과 같은 사회서비스의 제공이 반드시 필요하다. 특히 정신과적 위기상황에서 강제입원이나 자살, 중대범죄의 위험으로부터 본인과 타인을 보호하기 위해서 위기대응 프로그램은 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. 이때 미국이 경험한 위기대응서비스 제공의 기본원칙과 다양한 형태의 위기대응 서비스가 우리나라의 제도 설계와 운영에 많은 참고가 될 것이다.

Keywords

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