• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 2014

This study aims to evaluate the influence of vitamin and mineral supplement intake, and degree of calcium and phosphorus intake on occurrence of dental caries in primary teeth. Research data was derived from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 1,139 Korean children of 3 to 6 years were selected as subject for this study. The dft index, nutrition factor including vitamin or mineral supplement intake and degree of intake for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were identified. Chi-square test was performed to assess the difference in socioeconomic status, oral health behavior and nutrition factor, including vitamin or mineral supplement intake and degree of intake for Ca and P. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between the dft index and the related variables. As a result, the dft index was increased with the age. Significant differences in Ca intake was examined according to the sex, and P intake was different according to the sex in 3-year-old group. Among the 4-year-old children, the vitamin and mineral supplement takers had 1.206 less dft index than the non-takers. In conclusion, intake of Ca, P and vitamin/mineral supplement was not a pivotal factor to influence the incidence of primary teeth caries. However, significantly low dft index was observed from 4-year-old group who intake vitamin or mineral.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate a quantitative analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the maxillary supernumerary lateral incisor and its relationship with lateral incisors. Forty-four supernumerary lateral incisors from 43 patients were evaluated for analyzing the position, shape, direction, and relationship between the supernumerary lateral incisor and the normal lateral incisors, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). To compare the size of crown, the mesio-distal width was measured and the Nolla stage was used for evaluating the degree of root development to compare tooth maturity. The supernumerary lateral incisors were in the normal direction at a rate of 90.9%, and in a supplemental shape at a rate of 84.1%. The supernumerary lateral incisor was smaller in size compared to the adjacent lateral incisor and opposite lateral incisor (p < .0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the development stage of root. Based on these results, the supernumerary lateral incisor is similar with the lateral incisor, but has a difference in the size of crown. It is necessary to distinguish the supernumerary lateral incisor from the lateral incisor precisely to reduce clinical complications.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 1968

이성분 용액에 대한 천이상태 이론의 적용 방법을 재고찰하여 이론적 보충을 하여주었으며, 이 새로운 방법에 따라서 $C_6H_{12}-CCl_4$계의 열역학적 성질들을 계산하였다. 또한 전의 방법에 따라서 계산된 $C_6H_6-C_6H_{12}$ 및 $C_6H_6-CCl_4$계의 열역학적 성질들도 재계산하였다. 이 방법에 따라서 계산된 열역학적 성질들을 측정치와 대단히 잘 맞는다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1984

발전설비를 비롯한 산업설비, 각종 압력용기 및 철구조물 제작시 발생하는 여러가지의 용접불량 중에서 슬래그 혼입이 차지하는 비율이 전체 불량의 절반 이상을 차지하고 있다. 특히 여타의 용접법에 비해 SMAW에 의한 슬래그 혼입의 발생이 가장 많으므로 이에 대한 결함 발생의 경향을 조사하고 그 방지대책을 설정하기 위하여 이번 실험을 실시하게 되었다. 수동 용접봉의 피복제 중 가스 발생 원인은 아아크 분위기를 생성하고 기타 부분은 슬래그가 되어 용융금속을 둘러싸서 이것을 보호하면서 용융지로 이행한다. 슬래그는 용융지 내에서 비이드 표면으로 부상하면서 탈산반응이나 불순물을 제거하는 정련작용을 한다. 또한 적당한 합금 원소의 보충, 용융금속의 유동성 증가 등에 의하여 양호한 용착금속의 생성을 돕는다. 한편, 슬래그는 고온금속을 덮어 이것을 보호함과 동시에 급냉을 완화하는 작용을 한다. 그러나 이러한 슬래그가 응고하는 용착금속 사이에 혼입된다면 용착금속의 기계적 성질을 저하시키는 중요한 요인이 된다. 슬래그 혼입에 대하여 간단하고 일반적인 방지대책은 많이 언급되어 있으나 슬래그 혼입의 방지대책에 대해 깊이 있는 연구가 거의 없다. 이번 실험에서는 광범위한 요인의 선제, 싯수의 제안으로 인하여 새로운 슬래그 혼입 기구의 설정이나 특정한 요인의 영향에 대한 정확한 한계치의 설정보다는 각 요인에 대한 정성적인 영향을 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.855-864
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate nutritional status of tube feeding patients, and to investigate the effects of giving enteral nutritional support to them. 83 in-patients have been examined for their nutritional status. The mean caloric density was 0.77kca1/m1. 36.1% to 75.9% of them were malnourished in terms of biochemical assessment. The energy intake showed the significant and positive correlation in all biochemical parameters. And the protein intake showed the significant and positive correlation in total protein, serum albumin, serum iron, hemoglobin, hematocrit and TLC. But age was correlated negatively to serum albumin and transferrin. The amount of energy and protein intake has been significantly increased as the tube feeding duration became longer. Also the effect of enteral nutritional support for 6 weeks has been investigated. Case group(n=8) was administered 250kca1 of polymeric formula in addition to their usual diet, while control group(n=8) kept the amount of their original intake. When comparing the biochemical changes of the case group and those of control group at week 0 and week 6 respectively, it showed significant differences in total protein, serum transferrin and TLC. This study suggests that the malnourished status of tube feeding patients can be improved and even prevented if nutritional support is properly administered.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 1972

Effects of several different petroleum fractions (LGO, HGO, VGO, Diesel oil, SP(E), HGO-wax, L/M-wax), stepwise addition of calculated amounts of HGO at defined intervals, recycling of spent media on cell growth of Candida tropicalis KIST 351 were studied using $2.5{\ell}$ fermenter by batch process. In addition, continuous cultivation of the yeast was also performed in the light of biomass production using $28{\ell}$ fermenter with LGO. 1) Cell concentration, yield on the basis of gas oil and n-paraffin with the petroleum fractions were in the range of $11{\sim}15g/{\ell}$, $10{\sim}12%$ and $77{\sim}82%$, respectively. 2) By stepwise addition of the gas oil, cell concentration and yield on the oil were increased up to 18.9 g/land 13%, respectively. 3) Spent medium slowed emulsifying ability of hydrocarbon and stimulating effect on the cell growth. Without additional supplementation of $Mg^{++}$ up to 20% of spent medium could be reused, while by adding of the $Mg^{++}$, 50% of medium could be recycled. 4) Optimum condition of continuous cultivation for biomass production was attained at the dilution rate of $D=0.1{\sim}0.125\;hr^{-1}$. Maximum yield coefficient on consumed n-paraffin was 0.94 at $D=0.1\;hr^{-1}$, however, 24% of supplied n-paraffin in the media was not utilized at this dilution rate.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2007

An unconscious 5-year-old girl was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. She was neglected by her parents; she suffered from inadequate nutritional, medical and emotional care. The girl appeared to be emotionally detached, dehydrated and malnourished; she had edematous extremities, moderately bruised skin and brittle coarse hair. Laboratory testing showed electrolyte imbalance, anemia, pneumonia, copper deficiency, and liver dysfunction in addition to severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Medical intervention was followed by improvement of most of the symptoms. During the rehabilitation phase, the patient showed a voracious appetite and gained weight too fast. The liver became enlarged and the patient developed a mild fever due to excessive nutrition. The microcytic anemia with severe PEM did not responded to iron supplementation possibly due to the copper deficiency. Addition of copper without zinc and iron helped to improve the anemia. The patient was discharged to a childcare center where she received cognitive and psychosocial therapy.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the level of soybean meal (SM) or feather meal (FM) that could substitute for fish meal in fat cod(Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks) diet. A control diet with fish meal as protein source was included. The amount of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of SM or FM substituted for fish meal in the control diet, respectively. Amino acids supplementation in the 20% SM diet was compared. In addition, combination of 5% SM, 5% corn gluten meal, 5% meat meal, 5% blood meal and 5% FM was substituted for fish meal in the control diet. Duplicate groups of the 40 fish averaging 21g were fed one of 11 isoproteic (45%) and isolipidic (15%) experimental diets to satiation twice a day for 2 months. No significant differences were found among fish fed the control, substituting up to 20% SM or 10% FM in weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio (P>0.05). It is concluded that SM or FM can be used as a partial substitute for fish meal up to 20% or 10% in the control diet, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.622-630
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• 1998

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) was tested for the removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) by using simulated aquaculture system. RBC performance was evaluated by controlling revolution rate of disk and hydraulic residence tile (HRT). The optimum revolution rate of disk was 4 rpm, As HRT of RBC was increased, TAN removal efficiency of RBC and TAN concentration of rearing water were increased. HRT for maintaining lowest TAN concentration of rearing water was 9.5 minutes and at that condition TAN concentration of rearing tank was $1.03 g/m^3$

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2007

The nutrient intakes of elementary, middle and high school children whether participate the school milk program or not, were assessed by estimating meals provided for one month. The schools were selected at random all around the country, and were 52 and 32 schools which were participating and non-participating in the school milk supplying program, respectively. Overall, the students, were enrolled schools with participating in milk program, intake higher energy, protein (p<0.01), lipid, sugar, Ca(p<0.001), P (p<0.001), Fe, K, Vit A and cholesterol compared to those of students were enrolled schools of non-participating, statistical significantly. The calcium intake of students participating in school milk program (PMP) about 1.5 times higher than those of students in the schools of non-participating milk program (NPMP), especially. The calcium intake of student were $24{\sim}28%$ and $43%{\sim}51%$ of RDA in PNP and NPNP students, respectively. Therefore, the calcium intake quantities of students, were provided with the school lunch without milk, were low-end limit of RDA. Considering the school lunch with the Koreanstyle foods mostly, the milk supplying were solved this problem. Especially, the difference of the nutrients intake which were followed in the case PMP which will consider an average 15-20% food left, magnification of milk supplying program in schools may help more growth of children, so the expansion of milk supplying programs in the schools were demanded, urgently.