• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.453-469
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• 2019

The celadon jar with inscription of 'the Fourth Sunhwa Year' is an important chronology that shows the conditions of production of the early celadon due to the inscription on the bottom including its purpose, application, and the producer. This celadon jar has been restored several times in the past. However, concerns over the structural stability, such as the separation and level differences in the joined cracks, have risen because of the aging of the repair materials, which were subjected to various environmental changes over a long time. By examining the conditions of preservation, the major damage was identified as the '入' shaped crack on the front, the 'V' shaped restored part and the crack on its left side, and the 'J' shaped crack on the back side. In the past, the cracks were found to be joined using a refined lacquer containing camphor, drying oil, rosin, etc. mixed with soil powder. The joint line was repainted with the refined lacquer and covered with gold powder. The missing parts were restored with gypsum and colored with acrylic color. After that, the repair materials were aged and emergency treatment was performed at the National Museum of Korea in 1981. At that time, Cemedine C or Cemedine C mixed with microballoons was used for reinforcing the cracks. Conservation treatment focused on removing the past repair materials and reinforcing the physically fragile parts by joining and restoring them based on the examination of the preservation condition. in addition, the area around the restored part was colored for future exhibition.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2018

This report does studied for making the method of conserving bracket murals in Daeungjeon of Jikjisa Temple, through the scientific way. Results of evaluated the conservation status at the braket mural paintings, most serious damage is structural damage like cracks, breakage, and delamination. After optical investigation, a characteristic point wasn't found such as underdrawing or traces of a coat of paint. The ultrasonic examination speed by each wall painting was measured from about 195.8 m/s to 392.7 m/s, according to the location of the surface, and it was able to compare the surface properties according to the location. In Infrared-thermal image measurement shows that wall layer separation and paint layer delamination are closely detected, therefore it was able to judge of damage on the objective way. Material analysis revealed that the walls were made by sand and weathering soil. The wall layer combined sand with less than fine sand size by nearly 5:5, and the finishing layer was found to have mixed medium sand and fine sand at approximately 6:4 rates. However, In case of finishing layer, mixing ratios of sizes less than very fine sand were found to be significantly lower than wall. Therefore, it is estimated that the plysical damage such as the separation between the layers of the walls created in the braket mural paintings, is continuously caused by changes in the internal stresses and volume ratio caused by the density differences between the wall and the finishing layers.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 2006

Attempts were made to investigate the conditions of mycelia of one low-temperature type strain and one high-temperature type strain of shiitake showing poor fruit-body formation in bed-log, and to survey harmful microorganisms formed on the log surface in Gapyung County, Korea. When tested the growing ability of mycelia, the low-temperature type strain showed ca. 1.1% decrease compared with preserved original strain. And, the high-temperature type one showed ca. 8.0% decrease. The growth of isolated mycelia was tested in sawdust medium. The high-temperature type strain showed ca. 10.8% decrease compared with original strain, and the low-temperature type one showed ca. 25.1% decrease. Weight reduction rate was investigated. The high-temperature strain showed ca. 20.1% decrease and the low-temperature one ca. 19.0%. When compared with non-treatment, original high-temperature type strain showed 107.0% decrease, the isolated high-temperature type strain 49.5%, original low-temperature type one 85.4%, isolated low-temperature type one 50.0%. As the results of confrontation culture, the high-temperature type strain and the low-temperature type one were same as the original ones, respectively. And, in the bed-logs, Hypoxylon truncatum, Coriolus versicolor, Inonotus xeranticus, Daedaleopsis tricolor, Graphostroma platystoma, two species of Myxomycetes, Trichoderma sp. Hypoxylon fragiforme, H. howeianum, and Nitschkia confertula were observed as harmful microorganisms, and the bed-logs were not in good condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.573-579
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• 1997

During the last 30 years, major organ transplantation has become popular, even in Korea, such as kidney, liver, etc. After the successful clinical cardiac transplantation in Korea, many cases of cardiac transplantation are being performed in some centers. But lung transplantation has a lot of obstacles, especially'donor shortage and decreased tolerability of the lung to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Usually it was considered that the maximum safety margin of ischemic time in lung transplantation was about 4 to 6 hours. So, many investigators have tried to develop better preservation methods and experimental model for evaluation of effectiveness in those various methods. But most of those methods had several drawbacks in clinical and experimental settings. So we developed an easily-controllable, reliable, and inexpensive experimental model of isolated rabbit lung block. Using these model, we evaluated its effectiveness and reliability for the experiment of ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung transplantation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.712-722
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• 2021

This study presents a method for conserving shamanistic spirits in Chiseonggwang Buddha. Scientific investigation has revealed that these spirits have been subject to degeneration as a result of severe exfoliation and pollution. The materials and preservation treatment techniques used in create these shamanistic spirits were identified through visual inspection and using appropriate scientific equipment. The different types of background paper, background material, and color pigments used in create the shamanistic spirits were analyzed using a colorimeter, stereoscopic microscope, and SEM-EDS techniques. The analysis revealed that the pulp paper was used as the background and synthetic fiber polyester as the background material. In addition, the study of the pigment revealed that the color components were all synthetic, except for red lead [Pb₃O₄] and oyster shell white [CaCO₃]. Moreover, it was confirmed that the green pigment, identified as emerald green [Cu(C₂H₃O₂)₂.3Cu(AsO₂)₂], was a major component of shamanistic spirits in the late 19^th century. The shamanistic spirits in Chiseonggwang Buddha were conserved by identifying raw materials and pigments through this detailed analysis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2022

The color appearance of cultural heritage are essential factors for manufacturing technique interpretation, conservation treatment usage, and condition monitoring. Therefore, this study systematically established color reproduction procedures based on the digital color management system for the portrait of Gwon Eungsu. Moreover, various application strategies for recording and conserving the cultural heritage were proposed. Overall color reproduction processes were conducted in the following order: photography condition setting, standard color measurements, digital photography, color correction, and color space creation. Therefore, compared with the color appearance, the digital image applied to a camera maker profile indicated an average color difference of 𝜟10.1. However, the digital reproduction result based on the color management system exhibits an average color difference of 𝜟1.1, which is close to the color appearance. This means that although digital photography conditions are optimized, recording the color appearance is difficult when relying on the correction algorithm developed by the camera maker. Therefore, the digital color reproduction of cultural heritage is required through color correction and color space creation based on the raw digital image, which is a crucial process for documenting the color appearance. Additionally, the recording of color appearance through digital color reproduction is important for condition evaluation, conservation treatment, and restoration of cultural heritage. Furthermore, standard data of imaging analysis are available for discoloration monitoring.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

A well-bucket excavated from Seobu-dong, Kyungju was characterized and conserved. The bucket was heavily degraded by a diverse set of microorganisms during its long-term storage in the burial site. The distribution of maximum saturated moisture content was in the range of 614-1050%. The identification of species using optical microscope showed that the species was Pinus densiflora. The dimensional stability of the bucket was examined using sucrose as a dimension-stabilizing agent. The concentration of sucrose was started at 10% level and raised to 30, 50, 70% for 8 weeks. The changes of weight increase were varied with concentration. When the concentration of sucrose reached to 30%, 50%, the bucket showed the significant increase of weight, especially. Epoxy adhesives was used for the joining and restoring. Dimensional change and crack were not observed afterward.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.5-15
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• 2004

The Fine Art Department has sent a list of ceramic ware to the Conservation Science Laboratory of the National Museum of Korea for conservation treatment. The listed ceramic ware will be newly displayed in the ceramic ware gallery of Yongsan Museum after it is opened. Based on the list, Conservation Science Laboratory has been taking special measures to conservation the ceramic ware since 2002. This paper attempts to introduce the process of restoring the Blue-and-white porcelain Jar with phoenix Design (Jubsoo 631) and Celadon peahen-shaped water dropper (Duksoo 5202).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1998

The Kong-Chung Jung's relics made of wooden materials were pre-examined for conservation. Kong-Chung Jung was a General of the Chosun Dynasty and his weapons were made of wood. The pre-examining method was focused on the quality and species of the wooden weapons. X-ray radiation was used for the observation of wood structure, and the condition of the relics was relatively good although they contained some cracks. The examination of species using optical microscope showed that the species of each relics were Pinus densiflora of hanging scroll pole, Lozoste lancifolia of a top of flagnole, Fraxinus sp. of a flagpole, Phyllostachys sp. of arrow shafts. For the conservation of the relics, celyl alcohol as dimensional stability chemicals was used and poly(vinyl acetate) and epoxy adhesives were also used for the joining and restoring of the relics.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2001

In National Central Museum, we recently preserved paper cultural assets, such as ancient maps, books and antique documents etc, to prepare "A Dynamic World of External Relations in Goryeo & Joseon Dynasty". The paper cultural assets generally react sensitively to their environments; temperature, humidity, light and physical force acting. Biological damages, which are caused by microbe, contraction, swelling and damage from insects occurred. Wrinkles on relics, which are made my physical force, stains on relics which are due to moisture, weakening of adhesive strength and damages from insects were found during the recent preservation handling. Therefore we are trying to find out any damage, which could be occurred in paper cultural assets and introduce brief emergency operation to prevent the damages and develop the preservation handling.