• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2009

Recently rapid environmental changes due to desertification and industrialization in China make a threat to Korea, especially during Asian Dust Event (ADE). This study was aimed to compare symptoms and behaviors related to ADE between Korea and China. We conducted questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and behaviors before and during ADE. Korean and Chinese subjects were grouped into children, adults, and elderly by nation (n=791). Statistical analyses were performed by $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and chow's test for comparing differences between Korean and Chinese. We estimated the odds ratio for perceived symptoms during ADE by preventive behavior, using Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE). The study indicated that there were significant differences between symptoms in Korea and those in China such as cold, cough, and sore throat, especially in elderly. Preventive behaviors such as avoiding outdoor activity and wearing sunglasses were more often performed in China than Korea. However wearing mask was more often performed in Korea than China. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and smoking status, the odds ratio (OR) of dry cough symptom in Korea was significantly decreased by closing the windows and wearing a mask during ADE. In China, the OR of dry cough symptom was decreased by wearing a mask and avoiding outdoor activity. We found that China which had higher performance of preventive behavior showed lower prevalence of symptoms during ADE than Korea. Also preventive behaviors could affects prevalence of symptoms during ADE. This results suggest that preventive behavior. could reduce symptoms during ADE and there are needed for. more attentions to reduce a threat of ADE.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

The Ministry of Environment will enforce air quality standards for $PM_{2.5}$ in 2015 because it affects human health as well as climate change and brings about other adverse effects. Until recently, even though a number of researches have reported $PM_{2.5}$ emissions according to sources, they have not precisely considered the emission factors correspondent to each source for emission estimation. For the sake of establishing $PM_{2.5}$ emission inventories, this study was undertaken using activity data of each source taken from CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) multiplied by each emission factor of U.S. EPA Speciate or EEA CORINAIR. The 2008's total annual $PM_{2.5}$ emission (73.971 ton/yr) can be apportioned into five sources, such as fuel combustion facilities (62.2%), mobiles (33.8%), production processes (3.2%), fires (0.4%), and waste treatments (0.3%). The results show that fuel combustion facilities and mobiles are the predominant sources of $PM_{2.5}$, and they should be taken into great account in establishing $PM_{2.5}$ standards. In addition, it is necessary and urgent to develop effective measures for reduction of $PM_{2.5}$ emissions from those two main sources as well.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 1998

In general weed vegetation analysis has been applied to the study of weed population shift. However, it is a limited tool for understanding a problem region and a specific weed species in a certain area. Recently GIS may be used as an important tool to solve this target or to conduct specific field analysis which enables to introduce a reasonable management strategy. Thus, the GIS study was carried out to understand an integrated weed population changes between 1981 and 1992 in Korea. The nationwide weed survey was performed through the whole rice paddy fields in 1981 and 1992. Weed occurrence was totally different over whole country based on these data. In 1981 a region with high weed occurrence was at western and central areas of Korea in terms of weed population density but this was changed into western and southern area in 1992. In both years there were high weed population density at Taean, Seosan county of Chungnam province in Korea. Thus, this particular area may be needed to introduce a special strategy to reduce weed population density and/or to control problem weed species.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2017

As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Purpose : While there have been growing concerns about the effects of Asian dusts on health, there are few studies for relationship between Asian dusts and health outcome. This study was designed to examine the perceived symptoms and behavior change of children during the Asian Dust events. Methods : We surveyed 459 students at an elementary school in Seoul, Korea from November 20th to 27th 2002. Children with parents were asked to return the completed questionnaires within a week. The questionnaires included the sociodemographic factor, previous respiratory disease, and perceived symptom, hospital visits and behavior change during the Asian dusts. Results : The majority of children reported that they restrained going out and outdoor recreational activity during the Asian dusts. The rate of children who worn the mask was 49% and 47% in second grade and fifth grade, respectively. Regarding the perceived symptom during the Asian dusts, the children in 2nd were more likely to have symptom than 5th and there were significant difference between two groups in cough, asthma symptom, dry cough, phlegm and medication for allergy or asthma symptom. In addition, children who had previous disease were more likely to change behavior in order to prevent the effects of Asian dusts. Conclusions : This study suggested that the younger children and children who had past respiratory disease were susceptible to the effect of Asian dusts. There is a need for providing public information and health education to prevent the impact of Asian dusts on health.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-40
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• 2001

We have approached this study on the basis of population and family changes. We have selected two suburban and two general rural areas for this research. The suburban rural areas are located next to Chungju City, which is the biggest city in Chungbuk Province, and the residents are able to commute to Chungju. The general rural areas are located in Boeun Gun, which is a typical agricultural county in Chungbuk Province. We have conducted two round surveys at the research areas: 1995-1996 for the first round and 1999-2000 for the second round surveys. Since the surveys were completed ones interviewed by enumerators, we have used the survey data directly for the analysis by year and region. The population structure by age and sex in general rural areas is shaped as a reverse triangle, which is becoming more serious because of the continuing emigration of young generation. Most of the young generation moves to the urban areas and their old parents only are left in their hometown, rural areas. When the parents become old and die, the number of households in the areas decreases rapidly. If there are no more new family formations, therefore, the rural society itself would cease to exist in near future. However, the situation of suburban rural areas was a different case. Although the rural young generation has moved to urban areas, other young age groups have moved into the areas with their small enterprises and for the low living costs. The original residents become older and the young age groups are replaced with the new immigrants continuously. Therefore, the traditional agricultural society will be replaced with a non-agricultural society, which will have more characteristics of urban areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.90-102
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to catalogue the folk plants of 5 counties and cities of Chungcheongbuk-do Province from March to October, 2011. 429 pages of field notes relating to the folk plants were collected from approximately 92 local inhabitants and analyzed subsequently. The identified folk plants were of 173 taxa, composed of 150 species, 1 subspecies, 22 varieties and 129 genera under 56 families. Naturalized plants were included. The use by its usage was: 349 taxa; edible, 68 taxa; medicinal, 2 taxa; dye, 1 taxa; aroma, 4 taxa; spice, 1, taxa; ornamental, 3 taxa; oil, 1 taxa; starch, 18 taxa; others respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by stem, and whole plant. The consistency comparison between the scientific name and the local name were the highest in the 50's and the lowest in 90's.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.72-85
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to predict sexual violence crimes, which is an routine risk. The study used to the Weight of Evidence on sexual violence crimes that occurred in partly Cheongju-si for five years from 2011 to 2015. The results are as follows. First, application and analysis of the Weight of Evidence that considers the weight of evidence characteristics showed 8 out of total 26 evidences that are used for a sexual violence crimes risk prediction. The evidences were residential area, date of use permission for building, individual housing price, floor area ratio, number of basement floor, lot area, security light and recreational facility; which satisfied credibility in the process of calculating weight. Second, The weight calculated 8 evidences were combined to create the prediction map in the end. The map showed that 16.5% of sexual violence crimes probability occurs in 0.3㎢, which is 3.3% of the map. The area of probability of 34.5% is 1.8㎢, which is 19.0% of the map and the area of probability of 75.5% is 2.0㎢, which is 20.7% of the map. This study derived the probability of occurrence of sexual violence crime risk and environmental factors or conditions that could reduce it. Such results could be used as basic data for devising preemptive measures to minimize sexual violence, such as police activities to prevent crimes.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2017

Currently, clearwing moths and peach fruit moths are considered economically important pests of jujube in Boeun, Chungbuk, Korea. However, until now, specific studies on occurrence of the major pests of jujube in Boeun area, which could be useful for pest control, have not been carried out. In this study, seasonal occurrence of three pest moths (Synanthedon bicingulata, S. haitangvora, and Carposina sasakii) in jujube orchards was monitored using sex pheromone traps. Synanthedon bicingulata and S. haitangvora were monitored from 2013 to 2015. Adults of both species were captured from May to October, with two peaks in their occurrence: mid-June and mid-September for S. bicingulata, and mid- to late-June and mid- to late-September for S. haitangvora. However, S. haitangvora occurred in lower numbers than S. bicingulata. Adults of C. sasakii were captured from 2014 to 2016. From May to October, two peaks were observed in their occurrence in mid-June and in late-August to mid-September and the second peak was lower than the first. Thus, the life histories of these pest moths of jujube should be studied in detail for an effective pest control.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.245-263
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• 2014

This study tries to investigate the changes of mortality regarding heat waves which are usually considered as one of the most direct impacts of climate change. Based on 17 years data period (1994-2010), each city's threshold temperature and minimum mortality temperature are recognized. According to the results, minimum mortality temperature varies from 23 to $25^{\circ}C$, showing minimum temperature corresponding to $23^{\circ}C$ in Gangwondo and maximum temperature corresponding to $25.4^{\circ}C$ in Jeollabukdo and Major 7 city group. In case of threshold temperature, it ranges from 27 to $30^{\circ}C$. The cities having higher threshold temperatures tend to have large populations and vice versa. In addition, the cities having negative demographic vulnerability relatively have lower temperatures, representing correlation -0.44(p=0.06). The socio-economic-environmental vulnerability shows negative correlation with minimum mortality temperature(r=-0.36, p=0.032) and threshold temperature(r=-0.29, p=0.081). This paper represents that the number of mortality could increase rapidly and show large spatial differences in the number of mortality depending on various factors including natural, social, and economic factors of each region.