• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.119-147
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• 2012

This paper aims to explore whether the trilemma of welfare states has been a valid argument about the recent change of welfare states. Based on fuzzy-set ideal type analysis of data from seventeen OECD countries, it examines that welfare states have achieved three core policy objectives -income equality, employment growth and fiscal discipline- in the service economy during the period between 1981 and 2010. The evidence presented in this paper does not support the trilemma of the service economy where only two goals can be pursued successfully at one time, at a cost of the other remained goal. The trilemma has been effective only to the countries in liberal welfare regime where employment growth and fiscal discipline has been achieved at a cost of higher levels of income equality. However, conservative welfare-state regimes have experienced the deterioration of income equality and fiscal restraint after the mid 1980s and it seems that they have diverged into various models. In the countries of the social democratic welfare regime, the goals of equality and employment have been achieved simultaneously together with fiscal discipline since the early 2000s. While they are classified as the perfect model in the research, Southern European welfare states including Greece and Italy, classified as 'the crisis model', have not performed well in all the three aspects. On the evidence presented in this paper, it can be said that the trilemma of welfare states in the service economy is not effective to explain the policy goals of welfare state as well as the result of redistributive politics in the service economy.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 1982

한국 및 국제적인 미래사회의 요청에 의하여 공학계대학원교육의 확립은 중요하다고 사료된다. 이를 위하여는 정부와 산업계의 올바른 의사판단이 요구되며 또한 시급히 해결한 문제일 것으로 보인다. 이를 위하여는 다음과 같은 사항들이 고려되어야 한다. 1. 정밀한 평가와 해당대학원의 의지에 의하여 그 대학원의 특성을 결정한다. 2. 우수한 교수진이 확보되어야 하며 또 충분한 지원인력이 뒤따라야 하고 합리적인 보수가 지 급되어야 한다. 3. 공학에서 직업주의(professionalism)가 정립되어야 하고 합리적인 교육목표, 교과과정, 학사운 영이 기획되어야 한다. 4. 학문의 발전을 위하여 박사과정의 확립이 시급하며 계속교육체제가 기성기술자를 위하여 교 부되어야 한다. 5. 실험시설의 완비 및 그 운영비의 확보와 대학원학생들의 연구에의 전념을 위하여 장학금이 지급되어야 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.248-267
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• 2004

우리나라의 경우, 국토 면적은 제한되어 있고 특히 밀집한 도심지 인근 공사 시에 사면 경사를 결정하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 또한 주어진 조건 내(부지의 부족, 환경고려 등)에서 이미 결정되어진 사면경사를 어떻게 유지하느냐 하는 것이 사면에 종사하는 기술자들의 임무인 것이다. 지금까지의 사면분화에 대한 접근 이론들이 너무 고전적인 방법에 치우쳐 있는 경향이 없지 않았다. 또한 기술자들의 보수주의적 경향으로 새로운 이론의 접촉을 멀리한 것도 부인할 수 없다.(중략)

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.938-946
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• 1992

간략하게나마 기어유를 중심으로 한 공업용 윤활유 첨가제의 역할에 대하여 살펴 보았다. 공업용 기어유의 금후 과제로서는 성(省)에너지형 개발이 일단락된 지금, 공업용기어유 분야에 커다란 기술적 과제는 없으나 단지 보수관리에는 비용을 비롯하여 성능관점으로 미루어 볼 때, 합성윤 활유의 검토도 한 번 쯤 생각하여 볼 가치가 있다고 사료된다. 또한 첨가제 문제에 있어서는 금후 지구환경 오염 규제강화 등에 있어서 사용을 제한하는 화합물이 있을 수 있는 가능성이 있는 것으로 주의를 게을리 하여서는 안 될 것이다.

• 발명특허
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• v.5 no.11 s.57
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• pp.18-20
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• 1980

코페르니쿠스의 보수적요소를 거부하고 근본적으로 태양중심체계를 바꾸어 놓은 것은 케플러 (Gohannes Kepler, 1571-1630)였다. 그는 튀빙엔에서 신학을 공부했으나 천문학으로 관심을 돌렸다. 그에게 천문학을 가르친 매스틀린(Mastlin)은 지구중심우주체계를 강의했지만 사석에서는 코페르니쿠스가 맞는다고 했다. 그래서 케플러는 이미 학생시절에 열렬한 코페르니쿠스주의자가 되어 있었다. 케플러는 루터파 신교도로서 우주에서 삼위일체를 보았다. 즉 태양은 성교, 별들은 성자, 중간의 공간은 성신이었다. 그는 우주가 살아 있으며 행성들과 지구는 영혼을 가지고 있다고 믿었다. 이것은 아마도 당시에 크게 유행한 루터파 신비주의의 영향인 듯하다. 케플러는 철저한 피타고라스${\cdot}$플라톤주의자였다. 그는 우주가 수학적 조화를 이루고 있고, 신은 위대한 기하학자이며, 인간은 신의 이미지를 따서 만들어졌다고 보았다. 따라서 인간은 수학을 통해 우주를 이해할 수 있다는 생각이었다.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.301-337
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• 2021

The researcher looked at the differences in views and various controversies surrounding Korean youth sexuality education in the wake of the Nth Room incident, which had a great impact on modern Korean society. Sex education for adolescents in Korea can be divided into public sex education through school sex education and the Youth Sexuality Center, and conservative/traditional Protestant sex education. Public sex education is partly influenced by feminist sexual ethics and comprehensive sex education abroad. Based on gender sensitivity and the right to sexual self-determination, four major projects are prevention of sexual harassment, prostitution, sexual violence, and domestic violence. However, the school sex education standard was criticized for stereotypes of gender roles and gender-discriminatory content, reinforced distorted myths about sexual violence, and exclusion of sexual diversity and various family types. Conservative/traditional Protestantism is based on the normal family ideology such as bisexual marriage, premarital chastity, and sexual ethics recognized only within marital relationships. It is a form of confrontation with public sex education while strongly opposing it. The researcher first analyzed the characteristics of public sex education, conservative/traditional Protestant sexual ethics and sex education, feminist sex ethics and sex education, and overseas youth sex education, respectively, while composing the curriculum for Korean youth sexuality education. And as a more fundamental solution to youth sexuality education, I pointed out that there are limits to asceticism, premarital chastity, gender sensitivity and sexual self-determination education, and found an alternative to the concept of body and sex in feminist theology. The researcher pointed out that it is necessary to reconceptualize the body and sex under the recognition that the most fundamental cause of distorted sexual culture is dualistic sex and understanding the body, centering on the research of various feminist theologians. And this was conceptualized into three concepts: holistic sexuality, mutual solidarity understood in relationships with others, and sexuality as a spirituality that extends to the global community. And with each curriculum, 1) Holistic Sexuality: Breathing, Narrative, Making the Shape of One's Body and Mind 2) mutual solidarity : Feeling the Breath of Others, Media Literacy through Conscientization, Sending a Good Wind 3) Sexuality as a spirituality that extends to global concern: It was proposed to pay attention to nature and to co-cultivate it, to listen to the earth's moans and create a new way of life, and to write a prayer with the earth and fellow living beings.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.199-221
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• 2023

This study examined the moderating effects of age and gender on the relationship between values and communication styles of Korean adults. Five hundred adult men and women across the country responded the questionnaires regarding cultural universal values (openness to change, self-enhancement, conservatism, and self-transcendence), cultural-specific values (collectivism, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, family recognition through achievement, and humility), high-context communication style, and low-context communication style. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of exploring the factors influencing the communication style, self-enhancement, emotional self-control, and self-transcendence significantly predicted the high-context communication style. Whereas openness to change, self-enhancement, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, and gender significantly predicted the low-context communication style. Second, age moderated the relationship between self-enhancement and high-context communication style. The high-context communication style significantly increased when the level of self-enhancement was high and the age was younger. Third, age and gender moderated the relationship between conformity to norms and high-context communication style. In the case of males with high conformity to norms and younger age, the high-context communication style significantly increased. Fourth, gender moderated the relationship between collectivism and low-context communication. As collectivism increased, men tended to increase low-context communication styles, while women tended to decrease it. Fifth, gender moderated the relationship between humility and low-context communication. In the case of women with high humility, their low-context communication style was significantly lowered. The implications and limitations of the results of this study were discussed.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.163-198
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• 2018

This study analyzed the change of the Korean welfare regime during the conservative government. It is clear that the welfare expanded during the conservative government, but this expansion was the process of realizing the constraint of expansion that reduces future welfare expenditure in Korea. In addition, as the public welfare centered on social insurance expanded after 10 years of liberal government, the backward selectivity of the Korean welfare regime strengthened in the conservative administration. Expanding social insurance itself does not reinforce the backward selectivity of the Korean welfare regime. However, the industrial structure created by the export-led growth system has intensified the fragmentation of the labor market, and expanding social insurance designed based on regular workers under these conditions has forced the backward selectivity of the social security system. It is for this reason that the backward selectivity has been reinforced during the conservative government.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.497-513
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• 2014

Rate-of-return regulation where a regulator compensates the utilities based upon the cost incurred the regulated companies have the incentive to over-report cost level. However, in case of cost-based competition where a regulator knows the cost of each plant involved and induce the competition among them, one can encounter prisoner's dilemma situation in the short run where the regulated firms under-report cost level. For instance, in case of cost-based pool, a generator may have a strategic behavior to keep its registered variable cost higher than the actual level to maintain its operation rate and generation amounts higher. Eventually, however, such behavior decrease the profitability of a generator and discourage new entry jeopardizing required level of capacity reserves. This is a typical Prisoner's Dilemma situation. The power market operating rule should be revised so that generators' registered variable cost reflect actual level of variable cost.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.227-231
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• 2024

This study purports to examine the potential effects of welfare attitudes of Korean people upon their political orientation. The 17^th Korea Welfare Panel Data(KWPD) in 2022 are used for this purpose. Independent variable include sex, age, education, interest in politics, and employment status. Discriminant analysis show several results. First and foremost, pre-established discriminant function works well for classification of respondents' liberal vs conservative stance. Secondly, except gender and dummy variable for temporary employed, all independent variables contribute significantly for the classification at a given significance level. . Finally, welfare attitudes of respondents', measured by universalism vs selectivism and the attitudes upon increasing tax for welfare expenditures are found to be significant and relatively big impacts upon dependent variable, compard to other variables in the model. The nature of causal relationship between welfare attitudes and political orientation remains for further study.