• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.91-98
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• 2011

Recently, the usage of elastic paving using EPDM Chip instead of pedestrian sidewalk blocks or permeable concrete used mostly for pedestrian walk, trails and in parks has been increassed as it can absorb impact during walking and produce wide range of colors and designs. However, the properties of EPDM Chip including elasticity and durability are decreased when exposed to ultraviolet ray and scenic paving functions through various colors are lowered due to the yellowing phenomenon. In this study, ultraviolet ray accelerated weathering test has been conducted to analyze the color changes in EPDM Chip and polyurethane resin, which are the main ingredients of elastic paving, when exposed to ultraviolet ray. The color differences are quantitatively analyzed through the color value coordination of the colored space by using the color difference scheme. The experimental results show that the color changes in BL polyurethane resin which is used most frequently at present was larger than that of EPDM Chip. Moreover, the total color difference, ${\Delta}E$, of BC polyurethane resin are 3.162 on the $14^{th}$ day of commencement of acceleration, which is 6 times greater color change resistance against ultraviolet ray than that of BL polyurethane resin with total color difference of 20.639. Therefore, the usage of BC polyurethane resin, which is manufactured to have chain-type molecular structure by using the isocyanate as the HMDI at the time of producing polymer, as binder in elastic paving with EPDM Chip is found to be a highly efficient method of restraining the color changes due to the ultraviolet ray.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2D
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

Although walking is an important transport mode which should be promoted, realistic studies about walking is not sufficient. Especially, due to the transportation planning oriented toward automobile, there is not realistic analysis method for walking in the Highway Capacity Manual. Therefore, in this study the fuzzy approximate reasoning was employed to build a model for the analysis of walkways service level. For the input variable the noise level and brightness as well as the pedestrian flow rate were employed and the output variable was the walking satisfaction degree. The fuzzy models were constructed for daytime and nighttime separately. The forecastability analysis for the models were conducted using $R^2$, MAE and MSE. The values of them for the daytime model are 0.802, 0.729 and 0.735 respectively and the values for nighttime are 0.893, 0.878 and 0.860 respectively, so it can be said that the models explain the real situation well. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the noise level has stronger effects to walking satisfaction then the brightness in night.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the effects of constructing streetside urban forests on particulate matter (PM) content in pedestrian paths and open spaces created between the main streets and buildings in a high-rise, high-density urban area. The study site is a 70m-wide open space between Busan City Hall and Jungang-street in Busan, Korea. The results showed that the density of PM differences between the open space and the adjacent main street were small in regions without linear trees and shrub rows during both the weekdays and weekend. On the other hand, the areas with linear trees and shrub rows were found to have significantly higher concentrations of PM compared to the roadway. In particular, sections with linear trees and shrub rows had higher PM levels both on roads and in adjacent open space, indicating that the composition of linear trees and shrub rows increased the concentration of PM in the off-street open space in areas with wide space between the roadway and building. The impact was more significant in the open space than the roadway. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that PM generated by vehicles flows through the roadside shrubs by rapid wind flow but does not disperse widely in the pedestrian paths where the wind flow was reduced. In this study, we found that the roadside tree and shrub walls slowed the flow of wind, causing vehicle-emitted PM to accumulate if a wide open space was created between the road and building, resulting in higher concentration of PM in the open space. We confirmed that the distance between the road and building was a critical factor for constructing linear trees and shrub rows to reduce PM generated by vehicle traffic.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2004

The street landscape image is through complex experience of psychological factor by the visionary experience and physical factor by recognize a street's structure. Therefore, the need for analyz-ing and evaluating the psychological and physical aspect of street view was aroused, and how much it has an effect on the outcome. Above all, a definite street standard of a region in its characteristics was selected to analyze the street characteristics of a region (commercial, business, and complex area). A questionnaire was used to measure psychological information felt in a street area. As a result, the street image holds similar characteristics according to regional characteristics and the amenity and busy condition play a major role in having the effect. To know of the effect of street of a region that is known to cause the busy in a region, the discriminant analysis was made between the selected regions to analyze the difference. As a result, the difference of the width of street, ratio of widths of sidewalk and driveway, the ratio of height of a building and width of street, and the difference of tree-planting ratio were main factors which helped to feel more of the contrary of street in a region. Current research has helped to make more precise analysis and evaluation of all kinds of street images, and suggested different means of having more live image in a street region through physical factors. To create more the busy in a region, it is considered that analyzing the image of a street would be used more.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2011

1990년 이후 공산체계인 구소련과 동구권이 몰락하고 세계적으로 탈냉전의 변화와 우리의 민주정부 수립 후 햇빛정책 등에도 불구하고 북한은 적화통일을 포기하지 않고 작년 11월에 연평도에 포격을 가하여 민간인과, 군이 2명이 사망하는 사건이 발생 하였다. 또한 북한의 공격은 과거의 포탄공격뿐만 아니라 미사일이나 화생방과 같은 생화학물질 탑재 가능한 공격이 예상된다. 이에 대비 정부에서는 고정시설의 화생방 방호는 일단유사시에 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는데 필수요소로서 집단보호개념에 도입하고 있으며, 현재 각 중요 대피시설 및 지자체의 기존 대피시설을 개인방호, 탐지, 제독, 운용절차를 포함한 실태파악 및 재래식 탄을 포함한 통합적인 조치를 마련하고 있다. 작년 2010년 11월 연평도에서의 북한 포격이후 우리는 서해5도나 접경지역 주민과 그리고 근접거리의 서울시민들이 안전하게 포격으로부터 피난 할 수 있는 민방위대피소에 대한 문제점이 대두되고 대책방안을 요구하고 있다. 소방방재청 기준에 따르면 직격(直擊) 핵폭탄을 제외한 화생방, 재래식 무기 공격에 견딜 수 있는 시설은 '1등급 대피시설'인데 서울에는 한 곳도 없다. 고층건물의 지하 2층 이하나 지하철, 터널 같은 2등급 대피시설도 폭격은 견딜 수 있지만 화생방 공격에는 취약하다. 지하상가 등 건축물의 지하층, 지하차도나 보도는 그보다 더 취약한 3등급이며 단독 주택의 지하층처럼 방호 효과가 떨어지는 곳이 4등급이다. 2등급으로 분류된 대피소의 경우 분류만 되어 있을 뿐 장기간 대피시 시민들이 사용 할 수 있는 거주공간이 아닌 임시 대피로서의 역할만 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 민방위 기본법에 따라 지하에 $3.3m^2$ 당 4명 이상이 대피할 수 있는 규모의 공간을 갖추기만 하면 대피시설로 볼 수 있는 현 문제점과 1등급에서 4등급으로 나뉘어져있는 민방위 대피소와 대피소가 있지만 피난공간으로서의 역할과 구조적으로 안전한가에 대한 국내외 실태 분석을 통하여 분석한 결과 우리는 서해5도 대피시설의 반 이상이 무용지물이고 접경지 또한 피난시에 피난장으로서의 대피소가 난방이나, 구급품과 식구 시설 등이 구비가 되어 있지 않고 대피시설로 지정한곳이 간판이나 안내시설이 없다. 외국의 경우 스위스는 연방정부의 관리책임으로 전쟁이나 핵 확산에 따른 화생방 업무 전담팀을 두고 있으며, 방독면은 개인 방호물자로서 전국민 100% 보유하고, 각가정이나 건축, 시설물의 경우 화생방 표준 대피시설 설치관련 규정 마련 시행하고 있다. 대피시설은 화생방 방호가 가능한 지휘부용 대피시설과 일반 주민대피용 시설을 구분하여 설치운영하고 있으며, 전국에 650만개를 설치하고 있다. 결론은 대피시설이 북한 공경시 피난시설로의 활용방안을 모색 등급구분에 따른 현실적용 수정과 기존 대피소 보강과 재선별이 필요하고, 신축시 설계 표준설계안 그리고 기존의 대피소에 대한 보수, 보강방법 가이드라인과 장기간 거주에 대한 설비구축 등과 국민 대홍보등을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

This study attempts to specifically analyze green volume and scenery characteristics by classifying the streets in Seoul and suggest improvements accordingly. The subject streets for research were limited to those that have high occupancy ratio and are wide enough to have a big potential in improving green volume. In terms of green volume and scenery according to the types of streets, Platanus occidentalis and Ginkgo biloba were most common regardless of the street type, and the green ratio was 51.6% in residential areas, 50.4% in commercial areas, and 43.7% in business areas. Apart from the residential area, there was almost no green areas, and the ratio of green coverage was 71.0% in business areas, 64.0% in green areas, 37.3% in residential areas, and 36.2% in commercial areas, while the green volume coefficient was $1.9m^3/m^2$ on average. Based on the study results, it was set as a goal to provide the residential areas with a green community space and flowering trees throughout the year for scenery, and commercial areas with flowering trees and maples to emphasize the stores' image while not interfering with service and walking. For business areas, the goals were to improve green ratio and create streets that suit the urban image, and to set up spaces to provide habitat for wild animals with multi-layer planting and link to surrounding forests.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.162-177
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• 2017

This study explores how the media covered the new media agenda in the process of the diffusion of new media and what the press's attitude about new media policy is according to the relationship between the press and the government based on the political tendency. For this, this study conducted network analysis. The agreement of political tendency between the press and the government is important variable to decide the attitude of the press about the new media policy. Under the conservative government, the conservative press supported the new media policy, however the opposite opposed it Even if opinion page can take an important role in the process of public opinion, the tone pf editorial page on the new media policy differs from its political tendency. It costs tremendous investment in introducing new media, journalists have judge.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

In this research, Check the problems through analysis of traffic accidents while the elderly walking. Propose a way to reduce elderly traffic accidents. Therefore, analyzing the characteristics(by time and place etc) in order to reduce the traffic accident in the elderly pedestrian. Proposed the following Policy alternatives. First, Build a pedestrian safety island on the center of the road. Secondly, Should install the pedestrian crossing signal facilities which show the spare time and the guard rail to prevent crosswalk. Third, Should expend the installation area of pedestrian-operating traffic signal. Fourth, the night lighting facilities shall be installed nearby Crosswalk. Finally, Should appoint the elderly care area. Measures presented in this study, I hope they can be the basic data for the elderly in traffic safety policies for the elderly in accordance with the advent of aging society.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2010

This study looks into travel behavior differences by sex, gender role and economic status. Source for analysis in this study is from Time Use Survey conducted by Korea National Statistical Office in 2004. The sample considered of 3,122 women's time diaries and 2,678 men's, whose age range from 20-59. The results of the study show that married women, women with child under age 6 and unemployed women have less travel time quantity, travel during the daytime and use mass transportation than men and single women. However single women and working women, especially working women having high income level, show more similar patterns of travel behavior with men's which are quite unvarying regardless of marital, parental and economic status.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Recently, interest and financial investment in community infrastructure have been growing. Accordingly, Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport suggested a standard for community infrastructure planning. The standard was based on time distance which represents citizens' accessibility to infrastructure facilities. This paper presents a method to use the navigation application programming interface (API) to calculate travel time. Buffer analysis using Euclidean distance has been widely used so far to evaluate accessibility. However, this method has limitation in that it does not reflect situations in the real world such as crosswalks and slope ways. The infrastructure accessibility indices of local towns in Yeonsu-gu, Incheon were computed based on the time obtained by navigation API. Also, Yeonsu-gu was spatially analyzed to reveal the resident units that are marginalized from community infrastructure facilities. Using navigation API enables to compute realistic accessibility indices and to find unbenefitted residential areas. The method presented in this paper can help community infrastructure planners for their facility spatial plan and budget distribution.