• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.36
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• pp.201-225
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• 2020

In the late Joseon Dynasty, ideas in folk religions were closely related to Daoist themes. There were, for instance, folk ideas centered on Prophecies of Jeong Gam (鄭鑑錄 jeonggamrok) that developed into 'raising island-armies (海島起兵說 hado gibyeongseol),' the future utopian movement known as the 'South Joseon Faith (南朝鮮信仰 namjoseon sinang),' and faith around 'Maitreya's Descensionist-Birth (彌勒下生 mireuk hasaeng).' People aimed to transform their country based on these ideas. Associated folklore tended to come from fengshui (風水) and books on prophecies and divination (圖讖 docham), and both of these drew heavily upon Daoist concepts. On the other hand, Daoist texts began being translated as national projects under King Cheoljong (哲宗), and many more were translated and published later under King Gojong (高宗). The nature of these Daoist texts mostly consisted of either morality books (善書 seonseo) or precious scrolls (寶卷 bogeon). The problem was that these ordinances and the Daoist texts of regents were among the main causes of civil war during the Qing Dynasty. In this regard, the translation of the Daoist texts conducted as a national project provided a theoretical basis for the people wishing to foment civil war or transformation. This raises the question of why King Gojong implemented a Daoist translation project in his nation. In an effort to answer this question, this article summarizes the popular ideas of the late Joseon Dynasty and explains how they were closely related to Daoism. In addition, this article summarizes the facts about how Daoism has emerged from a national crisis but developed a function of protecting the state (鎭護) in Korean history. Further described is the situation under which Daoism was summoned during the Japanese Invasion of Joseon (壬辰倭亂). Analysis is provided to show that King Gojong's intention was to translate Daoism due to Daoism's role in protecting the state. In addition, the relationship between current Daoist rites and customs in Korea and King Gojong's dissemination of Daoist oaths and vouchers is confirmed.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.343-347
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• 2003

Power of loess ball on nitrogen and phosphorous removal in wastewater treatment were investigated. flow line A ( anaerobic${\rightarrow}$oxic${\rightarrow}$anoxic(organic source methanol)${\rightarrow}$p-absorption) showed the results of T-P 0.5, T-N 1.0, and COD 10ppm bellow, and flow line B ( oxic${\rightarrow}$anoxic, organic source: methanol${\rightarrow}$p-absorption) showed the results of T-P 0.3, T-N 5.0, and COD 15 ppm bellow. flow line C ( anaerobic${\rightarrow}$oxic${\rightarrow}$anoxic, organic source: wastewater ${\rightarrow}$ p-absorption) showed the results of T-P 0.6, T-N 10, and COD 15 ppm bellow, and flow line D ( oxic${\rightarrow}$anoxic, organic source: methanol${\rightarrow}$p-absorption) showed the results of T-P 1, T-N 8m, and COD 20 ppm bellow. So the results of these experiments showed the probability of loess ball in wastewater treatment.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.355-377
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze in depth the operation of the Public Lending Right(PLR) system that is implemented in 34 countries in the world in order to propose the ideal operation of PLR system. The PLR system is that authors receive payment because they lose the sales opportunities due to the loan of their books by libraries. Among 34 countries implementing the PLR system, 31 are European countries and 20 countries enforce the copyright law for the operation of the PLR system. Fund for the PLR is financed by the budget of the central government in 25 countries and payments are made on the basis of loans data in 20 countries. Writers, illustrators, translators are eligible to receive payments in many countries. 17 countries provide payments to the authors who have contributed to books lent out by libraries.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.590-594
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• 2005

In this study, the wastewater treatment was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of total nitrogen from synthetic wastewater in the F-STEP PROCESS $(anaerobic{\rightarrow}\;oxic\;{\rightarrow}\;anoxic)$ with loess ball as support metrics. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were $83.0\%\;and\;84.4\%$, respectively. The average nitrification efficiency at the oxic area was $60.9\%$ in the pH range of effluent water between 4.8 and 6.0. On the other hand, in the case of pH range of effluent water between 6.5 and 7.5, the denitrification efficiency at the anoxic area was $96.3\%$. The average concentration of COD was 12.8 ppm and the removal efficiency of COD in the F-STEP PROCESS were $96.3\%$. In the case of SS, the average concentration was $7.0\%$ at the effluent.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

In remediation of the contaminated soil, it requires to select at least more than two remediation technologies depending on the fate and transport phenomena through complicated reactions in soil matrix. Therefore, methodologies related to develop the integrated remediation technology were reviewed for agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals. Pneumatic fracturing is necessary to implement deficiency because soil washing is not effective to remove heavy metals in the subsurface soil. But it needs to evaluate the characteristics such as essential data and factors of designated technology in order to effectively apply them in the site. In the remediation site, the important soil physical and chemical factors to be considered are hydrology, porosity, soil texture and structure, types and concentrations of the contaminants, and fate and its transport properties. However, the integrated technology can be restrictive by advective flux in the area which remediation is highly effective although both soil washing and pneumatic fracturing were applied simultaneously in the site. Therefore, we need to understand flow pathways of the target contaminants in the subsurface soils, that includes kinetic desorption and flux, predictive simulation modeling, and complicated reaction in heterogenous soil.